Ploughing friction on wet and dry sand

The friction for sliding objects over partially water-saturated granular materials is investigated as a function of the water volume fraction. We find that ploughing friction is the main sliding mechanism: The slider leaves a deep trace in the sand after its passage. In line with previous research and everyday experience, we find that the friction force varies nonmonotonically with the water volume fraction. The addition of a small amount of water makes the friction force sharply drop, whereas too much added water causes the friction force to increase again. We present a ploughing model that quantitatively reproduces the nonmonotonic variation of the friction force as a function of water volume fraction without adjustable parameters. In this model, the yield stress of the water-sand mixture controls the depth to which the hemisphere sinks into the sand and the force that is required to plough through the water-sand mixture. We show that the model can also be used for other ploughing friction experiments, such as an ice skate that leaves a ploughing track on ice

Diversity in sub-national EU implementation: the application of the EU Ambient Air Quality directive in 13 municipalities in the Netherlands

The politics and administration of institutional chang

Politics or management? Analysing differences in local implementation performance of the EU Ambient Air Quality directive.

As far as local governments are responsible for the practical implementation of many European Union (EU) policies, they co-determine member states’ EU compliance records and the fate of EU legislation. Yet, they do so in remarkably different ways, as exemplified by the variegated implementation of the Ambient Air Quality Directive 2008/50/EC by Dutch municipalities. Taking guidance from the literature on EU compliance, in this article we explain the differences in local implementation performance based on the political and managerial approaches. Understanding which of the two approaches drives different local responses to EU policy bears consequences for the appropriate remedy for non implementation. Four municipalities were purposefully selected along with the two-by-two implementation performance scoring matrix in the realm of air quality. A comparative within-case analysis specifies how political explanations outweigh managerial explanations in accounting for variation in implementation performance and distils ‘policy saliency’ as the driving causal mechanism.The politics and administration of institutional chang

A framework to move forward on the path to eco-innovation in the construction industry: implications to improve firms´ sustainable orientation

This paper examines key aspects in the innovative behavior of the construction firms that determine their environmental orientation while innovating. Structural equation modeling was used and data of 222 firms retrieved from the Spanish Technological Innovation Panel (PITEC) for 2010 to analyse the drivers of environmental orientation of the construction firms during the innovation process. The results show that the environmental orientation is positively affected by the product and process orientation of construction firms during the innovation process. Furthermore, the positive relation between the importance of market information sources and environmental orientation, mediated by process and product orientation, is discussed. Finally, a model that explains these relations is proposed and validated. Results have important managerial implications for those companies worried about their eco-innovative focus as the types of actions and relations within firms most suitable for improving their eco-innovative orientation are highlighted.The authors would like to thank the Spanish Economy and Competitiveness Ministry for its support through the research project (EC02011-27369) and also the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia (SP20140647).Segarra Oña, MDV.; Peiró Signes, A.; Cervelló Royo, RE. (2015). A framework to move forward on the path to eco-innovation in the construction industry: implications to improve firms´ sustainable orientation. Science and Engineering Ethics. 21(6):1469-1484. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-014-9620-2S14691484216Amara, N., & Landry, R. (2005). Sources of information as determinants of novelty of innovation in manufacturing firms: evidence from the 1999 statistics Canada innovation survey. Technovation, 25(3), 245–259.Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. W. (1988). Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two- step approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103(3), 411–423.Ang, G. K. I. (2004). Competing revaluing construction paradigms in practice. Rotterdam: CIB.Audet, R., & Guyonnaud, M. F. (2013). Transition in practice and action in research. A French case study in piloting eco-innovations. Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research, 26(4), 398–415.Bagozzi, R., & Yi, Y. (1988). On the evaluation of structural equation models. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 18(1), 74–94.Barclay, D., Higgins, C., & Thompson, R. (1995). The partial least square (PLS) approach to causal modelling: Personal computer adoption and use as an illustration. Technology Studies, Special Issue on Research Methodology, 2(2), 285–309.Barrett, P. (2007). Revaluing construction: A holistic model. Building Research and Information, 35(3), 268–286.Barrett, P., & Lee, A. (2005). Revaluing construction: A CIB priority theme, Salford Centre for Research and Innovation. Salford/CIB: University of Salford, Rotterdam.Beamon, B. M. (2005). Environmental and sustainability ethics in supply chain management. Science and Engineering Ethics, 11(2), 221–234.Burciu, A., Bostan, I., Condrea, P., & Grosu, V. (2010). Financing the environmental policies in the communitarian space. Environmental Engineering and Management Journal, 9(9), 1179–1185.Carrascosa-López, C., Peiró-Signes, Á., & Segura-García-del-Río, B. (2012). Does it pay to be greener than legislation? An empirical study of spanish tile industry. Journal of Sustainable Development, 5(5), 17–26.Carter, T., & Fowler, L. (2008). Establishing green roof infrastructure through environmental policy instruments. Environmental Management, 42(1), 151–164.Cervelló-Royo, R., Garrido-Yserte, R., & Segura-García del Río, B. (2012). An urban regeneration model in heritage areas in search of sustainable urban development and internal cohesion. Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development, 2(1), 44–61.Chin, W. W. (1998). The partial least squares approach to structural equation modeling. In G. A. Marcoulides (Ed.), Modern methods for business research (pp. 295–358). New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Chin, W. W., Marcolin, B. L., & Newsted, P. R. (2003). A partial least squares latent variable modelling approach for measuring interaction effects: Results from a Monte Carlo simulation study and an electronic mail emotion/adoption study. Information Systems Research, 14(2), 189–217.Commission, European. (2004). Facing the challenge: The Lisbon strategy for growth and employment Brussels. Brussels: European Comission.Commission of the European Communities (2006). Action Plan for Energy Efficiency: Realising the Potential, Brussels. http://ec.europa.eu/energy/action_plan_energy_efficiency/doc/com_2006_0545_en.pdf . (Accessed 31/01/2014).Courtney, R., & Winch, G. (2002). CIB strategy for re-engineering construction. Rotterdam: CIB.Courtney, R., & Winch, G. M. (2003). Re-engineering construction: The role of research and implementation. Building Research and Information, 31(2), 172–178.Davis, M. (2001). The professional approach to engineering ethics: Five research questions. Science and Engineering Ethics, 7, 379–390.Ding, G. K. C. (2008). Sustainable construction. The role of environmental assessment tools. Journal of Environmental Management, 86(3), 451–464.Du Plessis, C., & Cole, R. J. (2011). Motivating change: Shifting the paradigm. Building Research and Information, 39(5), 436–449.Esty, D. C., & Winston, A. S. (2006). Green to gold, how smart companies use environmental strategy to innovate, create value, and build competitive advantage. Hoboken: Wiley.European Commission (2010) Europe 2020: A strategy for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth, Brussels.Falk, R., & Miller, N. (1992). A primer on soft modelling. Akron: The University of Akron Press.Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: Algebra and statistics. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(3), 328–388.Freeman, R. E. (1994). The politics of stakeholder theory: Some future directions. Business Ethics Quarterly, 4(4), 409–422.Gázquez-Abad, J. C., Huertas-García, R., Vázquez-Gómez, M. D., & Romeo, A. C. (2014). Drivers of sustainability strategies in Spain’s wine tourism industry. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 1938965514549657.Gebauer, H., Gustafsson, A., & Witell, L. (2011). Competitive advantage through service differentiation by manufacturing companies. Journal of Business Research, 64(12), 1270–1280.Geisser, S. (1975). A predictive approach to the random effect model. Biometrika, 61(1), 101–107.González-Benito, O., & González-Benito, J. (2008). Implications of market orientation on the environmental transformation of industrial firms. Ecological Economics, 64(4), 752–762.Henseler, J., Ringle, C., & Sinkovics, R. (2009). The use of partial least square path modelling in international marketing. In I. Rudolf, R. Sinkovics & N. Pervez (Eds.), Advance in international marketing (Vol. 20, pp. 277–319).Hill, S., & Lorenz, D. (2011). Rethinking professionalism: Guardianship of land and resources. Building Research and Information, 39(3), 314–319.Huedo, P., & Lopez-Mesa, B. (2013). Review of tools to assist in the selection of sustainable building assemblies. Informes de la Construcción, 65(529), 77–88.IPCC. (2007a). Climate change 2007: The physical science basis. summary for policymakers: Contribution of working group i to the fourth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Geneva: IPCC.IPCC. (2007b). Mitigation. contribution of working group III to the fourth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Geneva: IPCC.Jensen, J. S., Gottlieb, S. C., & Thuese, C. L. (2011). Construction sector development: Frames and governance responses. Building Research and Information, 39(6), 665–667.Kibert, Ch J. (2007). The next generation of sustainable construction. Building Research & Information, 35(6), 595–601.Kim, Y., Brodhag, C., & Mebratu, D. (2014). Corporate social responsibility driven innovation. Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research, 27(2), 175–196.Kuhn, S. (2001). Commentary on: The greening of engineers: A cross-cultural experience. Science and Engineering Ethics, 7(1), 123–124.Lam, P. T., Chan, E. H., Chau, C. K., Poon, C. S., & Chun, K. P. (2011). Environmental management system vs green specifications: How do they complement each other in the construction industry? Journal of Environmental Management, 92(3), 788–795.Leimeister, S., Leimeister, J. M., & Knebel, U. (2009). A cross-national comparison of perceived strategic importance of RFID for CIOs in Germany and Italy. International Journal of Information Management, 29(1), 37–47.Leman, A., & Bordass, B. (2007). Are users more tolerant of green buildings? Building Research and Information, 35(6), 662–673.Liefferink, D., & Andersen, M. S. (1998). Strategies of the green member states in EU environmental policy-making. Journal of European Public Policy, 5(2), 254–270.Losada, B. (2013). Smart cities through the smart grid: The sustainable smart city and its energy dependence. DYNA, 88(2), 154–155.Luetzkendorf, T. (2010). Sustainable properties-dream or trend? Informes de la Construcción, 61(517), 5–15.Lützkendorf, T., & Lorenz, D. (2007). Integrating sustainability into property risk assessments for market transformation. Building Research and Information, 35(6), 644–671.Matthyssensa, P., & Vandenbempt, K. (2008). Moving from basic offerings to value-added solutions: Strategies, barriers and alignment. Industrial Marketing Management, 37(3), 316–328.McKeiver, C., & Gadenne, D. (2005). Environmental management systems in small and medium business. Small Business Journal, 23(5), 513–537.Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1995). Teoría psicométrica. México: McGraw-Hill.Parsa, H. G., Segarra-Oña, M., Jang, S. S., Chen, R., & Singh, A. J. (2014). Special issue on sustainable and eco-innovative practices in hospitality and tourism. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 55(1), 5–5.Pearce, D. (2006). Is the construction sector sustainable? Building Research and Information, 34(3), 201–207.Peiró-Signes, A., Miret-Pastor, L. L., Segarra-Oña, M. V., & De Miguel Molina, B. (2013). Analysing the determinants of better performance through eco management tools at the food industry: An empirical study. In P. Golinska (Ed.), Eco Production and logistics (pp. 73–90). Heidelberg: Springer.Peiró-Signes, A., Verma, R., Mondéjar-Jiménez, J., & Vargas-Vargas, M. (2014). The impact of environmental certification on hotel guest ratings. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 55(1), 40–51.Petruzzelli, A. M., Dangelico, R. M., Rotolo, D., & Albino, V. (2011). Organizational factors and technological features in the development of green innovations: Evidence from patent analysis. Innovation: Management, Policy and Practice, 13(3), 291–310.Porter, M. E., & Kramer, M. R. (2006). Strategy and society: The link between competitive advantage and corporate social responsibility. Harvard Business Review, 84(12), 78–92.Porter, M. E., & Van der Linde, C. (1995). Toward a new conception of the environment competitiveness relationship. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 9(4), 97–118.Rennings, K. (2002). Redefining innovation—Eco-innovation research and the contribution from ecological economics. Ecological Economics, 32(2), 319–332.Rennings, K., Ziegler, A., Ankele, K., & Hoffman, E. (2006). The influence of different characteristics of the eu environmental management and auditing scheme on technical environmental innovations and economic performance. Ecological Economics, 57(1), 45–59.Ringle, C. M., Wende, S., & Will, A. (2005). SmartPLS 2.0 M3. http:// www.smartpls.de .Sánchez-Ollero, J. L., García-Pozo, A., & Marchante-Mera, A. (2013). How does respect for the environment affect final prices in the hospitality sector? A hedonic pricing approach. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 55, 31–39.Schmidt, V. A., & Radaelli, C. M. (2004). Policy change and discourse in Europe: Conceptual and methodological issues. West European Politics, 27(2), 183–210.Segarra-Oña, M.D.V., M.Peiró-Signes, Á., Verma, R., & Miret-Pastor, L. (2012). Does environmental certification help the economic performance of hotels? Evidence from the spanish hotel industry. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 1938965512446417.Segarra-Oña, M. V., Peiró-Signes, A., Albors-Garrigós, J., & Miret-Pastor, P. (2011). Impact of innovative practices in environmentally focused firms: Moderating factors. International Journal of Environmental Research, 5(2), 425–434.Segarra-Oña, M. D. V., Peiró-Signes, A., & Mondéjar-Jiménez, J. (2013). Identifying variables affecting the proactive environmental orientation of firms: An empirical study. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 22(3), 873–880.Sharma, A., Thomas, D., & Konsynski, B. (2008). Strategic and institutional perspectives in the evaluation, adoption and early integration of radio frequency identification (RFID): An empirical investigation of current and potential adopters. Proceedings of the 41st Hawaii international conference on system science, Waikoloa, Big Island, Hawaii, USA (pp 407–420).Sigala, M. (2014). Customer involvement in sustainable supply chain management a research framework and implications in tourism. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 55(1), 76–88.Song, M., Peng, J., Liu, W., & An, Q. (2014). A PSBM model for environmental efficiency evaluation and its application. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 23(3), 893–900.Stern, N. (2006). The economics of climate change: The stern review. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Stone, M. (1974). Cross-validatory choice and assessment of statistical predictions. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 36, 111–147.Stone, G. W., & Wakefield, K. L. (2000). Eco-orientation: An extension of market orientation in an environmental context. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 8(3), 21–31.Tenenhaus, M., Vinzi, V., Chatelin, J., & Lauro, C. (2005). PLS path modeling. Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, 48(1), 159–205.Tse, R. Y. (2001). The implementation of EMS in construction firms: Case study in Hong Kong. Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management, 3(2), 177–194.Turner, R. K. (2006). Sustainability auditing and assessment challenges. Building Research and Information, 34(3), 197–200.Van Bueren, E., & De Jong, J. J. (2007). Establishing sustainability: Policy successes and failures. Building Research and Information, 35(5), 543–556.Vanasupa, L., Chen, K. C., & Slivovsky, L. (2006). Global challenges as inspiration: A classroom strategy to foster social responsibility. Science and Engineering Ethics, 12(2), 373–380.Vastag, G., Kerekes, S., & Rondinelli, D. A. (1996). Evaluation of corporate environmental management approaches: A framework and application. International Journal of Production Economics, 43(2–3), 193–211

Blueprints for rural economy: Philip Lowe's work in rural and environmental social science

Philip Lowe died in February 2020, and so an academic career spanning five decades in environmental and rural social science and the sociology of knowledge came to an end. A pioneer of the social science of environmentalism since the early 1990s, Philip Lowe had been closely associated with the Centre for Rural Economy at Newcastle University in the UK and had been the intellectual force behind establishing rural economy as both a subject and mode of social science analysis. This article reflects on a career and the evolving concept of ‘rural economy’ as an economic form, a policy realm and a knowledge practice. Through this history, it presents an account of the contribution of Philip Lowe's research and writing that, as a result of his death, now stands as a bounded and complete body of work for the benefit of future generations of scholars