Dishonest Ethical Advocacy?: False Defenses in Criminal Court

This Note examines this dilemma and recent judicial approaches to it. Judges disagree about how guilty criminal defendants should be permitted to mount defenses at trial. Some have forbidden defense counsel from knowingly advancing any false exculpatory proposition. Others have permitted guilty defense attorneys to present sincere or truthful testimony in order to bolster a falsehood. And still others have signaled more general comfort with the idea that an attorney aggressively can pursue an acquittal on behalf of a guilty client. This Note seeks to resolve this issue by parsing the range of false defense tactics available to attorneys and evaluating the propriety of each under the Model Rules of Professional Conduct. This Note reads the Model Rules in the context of the adversary system’s twin aims to seek truth and safeguard individual rights; it defines and categorizes specific false defense tactics; and it offers practical, context-specific recommendations to courts and attorneys evaluating knowingly false defenses as they occur in the real world

Investigation of propellant flow control system

Mechanical, electromechanical, and fluidic concepts were studied as propellant flow control system for oxygen/hydrogen attitude control thrusters. A mechanical flow controller was designed, fabricated, and tested with hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen over a range of inlet pressures and temperatures. Results of these tests are presented along with a discussion of a flight-weight design. Also presented are recommendations for further design and development. A detailed coverage of the fluidics investigation is included

Effects of damping on the quantum limits to optical phase shifts in Kerr nonlinear media

It was recently shown [Phys. Rev. A 45, 1919 (1992)] that the phase shift induced by a control beam on a signal in cross Kerr modulation is limited by the quantum nature of the control. We show that dissipation rapidly restores the classical phase shift

Anti-RhD immunoglobulin in the treatment of immune thrombocytopenia

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an acquired bleeding autoimmune disorder characterized by a markedly decreased blood platelet count. The disorder is variable, frequently having an acute onset of limited duration in children and a more chronic course in adults. A number of therapeutic agents have demonstrated efficacy in increasing the platelet counts in both children and adults. Anti-RhD immunoglobulin (anti-D) is one such agent, and has been successfully used in the setting of both acute and chronic immune thrombocytopenia. In this report we review the use of anti-D in the management of ITP. While the FDA-approved dose of 50 mg/kg has documented efficacy in increasing platelet counts in approximately 80% of children and 70% of adults, a higher dose of 75 μg/kg has been shown to result in a more rapid increase in platelet count without a greater reduction in hemoglobin. Anti-D is generally ineffective in patients who have failed splenectomy. Anti-RhD therapy has been shown capable of delaying splenectomy in adult patients, but does not significantly increase the total number of patients in whom the procedure can be avoided. Anti-D therapy appears to inhibit macrophage phagocytosis by a combination of both FcR blockade and inflammatory cytokine inhibition of platelet phagocytosis within the spleen. Anti-RhD treatment is associated with mild to moderate infusion toxicities. Rare life-threatening toxicities such as hemoglobinuria, acute renal failure and disseminated intravascular coagulation have been reported. Recommendations have been proposed to reduce the risk of these complications. Anti-D immunoglobulin can be an effective option for rapidly increasing platelet counts in patients with symptomatic ITP

Customer information systems for deregulated ASEAN countries

In similar fashion to western countries, ASEAN countries are also gearing up towards deregulation. Despite potentially different motivating drivers, the ultimate objectives are free market competition leading to efficient pricing signals as well as providing customers with the freedom to choose their electricity provider and benefit from competitive prices. This paper provides an ASEAN electricity market analysis and describes the development of electricity deregulation in ASEAN countries. By way of background it also highlights the objectives of deregulation, the potential challenges and also the impact areas focusing on existing Customer Information Systems (CIS) that have been developed by other utilities. In addition, this paper proposes a new framework for improving CIS for ASEAN utilities facing deregulation. The framework outlines a CIS, which has intelligent features enabling the utility to estimate and predict customer behaviour with respect to consumption patterns. It describes how these features can assist the utility companies to retain their existing customers as well as attract more customers

Optimal regionalization of wastewater treatment for water quality management

A mathematical decision model is developed which determines how a group of waste dischargers should regionalize their treatment facilities and the amount of treatment each facility should provide so that the cost of achieving a specified water quality goal is minimized. The waste dischargers are assumed to lie in a linear configuration along (or on both sides of) the river and several other regionalization restrictions are imposed. Treatment plant and piping costs as functions of wasteflow can be of any form and may include fixed costs. The model is solved by using a dual approach to nonlinear programming and is applied to data from the Delaware Estuary. The results compare favorably with previous regionalization schemes. The model is extended to consider branched systems and the use of bypass piping. Two additional minimum cost, regional wastewater treatment models are developed; one which finds the regional treatment facility pattern when degree of treatment is fixed and another which finds the regional facility pattern and uniform level of treatment for all facilities so that a water quality goal is met.U.S. Department of the InteriorU.S. Geological SurveyOpe

SSME technology test bed fast shutdown assessment

The fastest practical shutdown sequence for the Technology Test Bed Engine is developed. A sequence is defined and key issues addressed. The conclusion of the study is that a fastest shutdown sequence within the existing SSME design capability is practical and can cut oxidizer consumption by 50 percent. However, the revised sequence would not have prevented any of the prior experienced SSME incidents and would introduce development risk to the program

Enhancing Agroecosystem performance and Resilience through Increased Diversification of Landscapes and Cropping Systems

Over the past two decades, ecologists have gained a considerable amount of insight concerning the effects of biological diversity on how ecosystems function. Greater productivity, greater carbon sequestration, greater retention of nutrients, and greater ability to resist and recover from various forms of stress, including herbivorous pests, diseases, droughts, and floods, are among the effects of increased biological diversity noted in a recent review by Cardinale et al. (2012). The latter effect, often called resilience, is particularly important in managed social-ecological systems, including agroecosystems (Walker and Salt, 2006). In addition to being better able to withstand and recover from disturbances due to pests, weather, and other biophysical factors, resilient agroecosystems can be less susceptible to fluctuations in production costs and market prices