2,173 research outputs found
Violences en famille : quelles réponses institutionnelles ?
Si la famille est en gĂ©nĂ©ral synonyme d'intimitĂ© et de relations de confiance, elle peut Ă©galement ĂȘtre un lieu d'abus, de contrĂŽle ou de violences. Les diverses formes de violences qui se dĂ©roulent dans la sphĂšre privĂ©e ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©noncĂ©es dĂšs les annĂ©es 1970 par les mouvements fĂ©ministes. Elles ont alors fait l'objet d'une variĂ©tĂ© de politiques et d'actions publiques ayant pour vocation de dĂ©fendre et d'accompagner les victimes, de punir et soigner les agresseurs ou de rĂ©tablir des liens familiaux distendus. En s'attachant Ă la façon dont ces violences ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©finies dans des contextes diffĂ©rents, en Europe, en AmĂ©rique du Nord et en AmĂ©rique latine, cet article a pour ambition de donner Ă voir les perspectives variĂ©es que recouvrent des catĂ©gories d'action publique aussi diverses que violences conjugales, violences domestiques, violences intrafamiliales ou encore fĂ©minicides ou fĂ©micides, et les consĂ©quences que ces diffĂ©rentes visions du problĂšme ont sur sa prise en charge. Largement influencĂ© par les Ă©tudes genre et la sociologie des problĂšmes publics, cet article, notamment Ă travers la prĂ©sentation des contributions qui composent ce numĂ©ro de la revue Enfances Familles GĂ©nĂ©rations, entend questionner les notions de violences de genre dans le cadre familial, dont les frontiĂšres sont fluctuantes et investies de façon variĂ©e, ainsi que les formes d'institutionnalisation du problĂšme et les solutions qui sont envisagĂ©es
Magnetoconductance oscillations in quasiballistic multimode nanowires
We calculate the conductance of quasi-one-dimensional nanowires with
electronic states confined to a surface charge layer, in the presence of a
uniform magnetic field. Two-terminal magnetoconductance (MC) between two leads
deposited on the nanowire via tunnel barriers is dominated by density-of-states
(DOS) singularities, when the leads are well apart. There is also a mesoscopic
correction due to a higher-order coherent tunneling between the leads for small
lead separation. The corresponding MC structure depends on the interference
between electron propagation via different channels connecting the leads, which
in the simplest case, for the magnetic field along the wire axis, can be
crudely characterized by relative winding numbers of paths enclosing the
magnetic flux. In general, the MC oscillations are aperiodic, due to the Zeeman
splitting, field misalignment with the wire axis, and a finite extent of
electron distribution across the wire cross section, and are affected by
spin-orbit coupling. The quantum-interference MC traces contain a wealth of
information about the electronic structure of multichannel wires, which would
be complimentary to the DOS measurements. We propose a four-terminal
configuration to enhance the relative contribution of the higher-order
tunneling processes and apply our results to realistic InAs nanowires carrying
several quantum channels in the surface charge-accumulation layer.Comment: 11 pages, 8 figure
Bost-Connes systems and Fâ-structures in Grothendieck rings, spectra, and Nori motives
We construct geometric lifts of the Bost-Connes algebra to Grothendieck rings and to the associated assembler categories and spectra, as well as to certain categories of Nori motives. These categorifications are related to the integral Bost-Connes algebra via suitable Euler characteristic type maps and zeta functions, and in the motivic case via fiber functors. We also discuss aspects of Fâ-geometry, in the framework of torifications, that fit into this general setting
Algorithm for Adapting Cases Represented in a Tractable Description Logic
Case-based reasoning (CBR) based on description logics (DLs) has gained a lot
of attention lately. Adaptation is a basic task in the CBR inference that can
be modeled as the knowledge base revision problem and solved in propositional
logic. However, in DLs, it is still a challenge problem since existing revision
operators only work well for strictly restricted DLs of the \emph{DL-Lite}
family, and it is difficult to design a revision algorithm which is
syntax-independent and fine-grained. In this paper, we present a new method for
adaptation based on the DL . Following the idea of
adaptation as revision, we firstly extend the logical basis for describing
cases from propositional logic to the DL , and present a
formalism for adaptation based on . Then we present an
adaptation algorithm for this formalism and demonstrate that our algorithm is
syntax-independent and fine-grained. Our work provides a logical basis for
adaptation in CBR systems where cases and domain knowledge are described by the
tractable DL .Comment: 21 pages. ICCBR 201
Coulomb Gap and Correlated Vortex Pinning in Superconductors
The positions of columnar pins and magnetic flux lines determined from a
decoration experiment on BSCCO were used to calculate the single--particle
density of states at low temperatures in the Bose glass phase. A wide Coulomb
gap is found, with gap exponent , as a result of the long--range
interaction between the vortices. As a consequence, the variable--range hopping
transport of flux lines is considerably reduced with respect to the
non--interacting case, the effective Mott exponent being enhanced from to for this specific experiment.Comment: 10 pages, Revtex, 4 figures appended as uu-encoded postscript files,
also available as hardcopies from [email protected]
Structure of Flux Line Lattices with Weak Disorder at Large Length Scales
Dislocation-free decoration images containing up to 80,000 vortices have been
obtained on high quality BiSrCaCuO superconducting
single crystals. The observed flux line lattices are in the random manifold
regime with a roughening exponent of 0.44 for length scales up to 80-100
lattice constants. At larger length scales, the data exhibit nonequilibrium
features that persist for different cooling rates and field histories.Comment: 4 pages, 3 gif images, to appear in PRB rapid communicatio
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