Incorporating the knowledge management cycle in e-business

In e-business, knowledge can be extracted from the recorded information by intelligent data analysis and then utilised in the business transaction. E-knowledge is a foundation for e-business. E-business can be supported by an intelligent information system that provides intelligent business process support and advanced support of the e-knowledge management cycle. Knowledge is stored as knowledge models that can be updated in the e-knowledge management cycle. As illustrated in examples, the e-knowledge cycle aids in the business decision taking, production management, and costs management

Synthesis and a study of the 13C NMR spectroscopic properties of positional isomers of some C18 acetylenic thia fatty esters

The carbon magnetic resonance spectra of four positional acetylenic thia fatty acid methyl ester isomers have been recorded to investigate the effect of the sulfur atom on the chemical shifts of the carbon nuclei adjacent to it.published_or_final_versio

Reduction Operators of Linear Second-Order Parabolic Equations

The reduction operators, i.e., the operators of nonclassical (conditional) symmetry, of (1+1)-dimensional second order linear parabolic partial differential equations and all the possible reductions of these equations to ordinary differential ones are exhaustively described. This problem proves to be equivalent, in some sense, to solving the initial equations. The ``no-go'' result is extended to the investigation of point transformations (admissible transformations, equivalence transformations, Lie symmetries) and Lie reductions of the determining equations for the nonclassical symmetries. Transformations linearizing the determining equations are obtained in the general case and under different additional constraints. A nontrivial example illustrating applications of reduction operators to finding exact solutions of equations from the class under consideration is presented. An observed connection between reduction operators and Darboux transformations is discussed.Comment: 31 pages, minor misprints are correcte

Lie symmetries of systems of second-order linear ordinary differential equations with constant coefficients

Lie symmetries of systems of second-order linear ordinary differential equations with constant coefficients are exhaustively described over both the complex and real fields. The exact lower and upper bounds for the dimensions of the maximal Lie invariance algebras possessed by such systems are obtained using an effective algebraic approach

Teaching Trade Secret Management with Threshold Concepts

Trade secret management (TSM is an emerging field of research. Teaching trade secret management requires the inclusion of several challenging topics, such as how firms use secrets in open innovation and collaboration. The threshold concepts framework is an educational lens well suited for teaching subjects such as TSM that are transformative and troublesome. We identify four such areas in trade secret management and discuss how threshold concepts can be a useful framework for teaching. We then present an outline of a curriculum suited for master’s programs and training of intellectual property (IP) managers. Our main contribution is to fields of management and educational sciences, as well as those of innovation studies and jurisprudence

Shoreward Intrusion of Upper Gulf Stream Water onto the United States Southeastern Continental Shelf

In winter, cooling of the South Atlantic Bight continental shelf water results in higher density in the middle shelf region relative to the shelf-break region where the western flank of the Gulf Stream flows. Shoreward, estuarine-like intrusion of the upper Gulf Stream water in the presence of such a positive onshore density gradient is then possible through advective processes triggered either by the meander of the Stream or onshore Ekman transports by southward wind stresses. Repeated cross-shelf hydrographic transects were conducted from 10 January through 30 January 1986 to more closely study this intrusion process. These observations show many features predicted by a previous numerical model study. A semi-empirical model is proposed here wherein the state of stratification of water on the outer continental shelf region just inshore of the shelf break is used as an indicator of the intrusion process. Model analysis suggests correlating the observed time rate of change of potential energy of the water column with wind-induced cross-shelf Ekman transport. The correlation fit is good for at least half of the data set, suggesting that wind-induced intrusion was significant during the observations. The analysis also suggests that it is possible to distinguish intrusion processes which are wind induced from those which are induced by Gulf Stream meanders. Both observations and the previous numerical model study show transient shelf-break upwelling following a southward wind impulse. A simplified model suggests that the upwelling is a result of a cyclonic vortex, bounded at the shelf break, produced by interaction of wind stress and sloping bottom topography. Transient upwellings introduce Gulf Stream water from below the mixed layer to the sea surface, where it is transported onshore to the continental shelf by intrusion processes. This provides a mechanism by which nutrient-rich, deeper Gulf Stream water can replenish the water mass of the adjacent continental shelf

Evaluation of potential reference genes in real-time RT-PCR studies of Atlantic salmon

BACKGROUND: Salmonid fishes are among the most widely studied model fish species but reports on systematic evaluation of reference genes in qRT-PCR studies is lacking. RESULTS: The stability of six potential reference genes was examined in eight tissues of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), to determine the most suitable genes to be used in quantitative real-time RT-PCR analyses. The relative transcription levels of genes encoding 18S rRNA, S20 ribosomal protein, β-actin, glyceraldehyde-3P-dehydrogenase (GAPDH), and two paralog genes encoding elongation factor 1A (EF1A(A )and EF1A(B)) were quantified in gills, liver, head kidney, spleen, thymus, brain, muscle, and posterior intestine in six untreated adult fish, in addition to a group of individuals that went through smoltification. Based on calculations performed with the geNorm VBA applet, which determines the most stable genes from a set of tested genes in a given cDNA sample, the ranking of the examined genes in adult Atlantic salmon was EF1A(B)>EF1A(A)>β-actin>18S rRNA>S20>GAPDH. When the same calculations were done on a total of 24 individuals from four stages in the smoltification process (presmolt, smolt, smoltified seawater and desmoltified freshwater), the gene ranking was EF1A(B)>EF1A(A)>S20>β-actin>18S rRNA>GAPDH. CONCLUSION: Overall, this work suggests that the EF1A(A )and EF1A(B )genes can be useful as reference genes in qRT-PCR examination of gene expression in the Atlantic salmon

Search for supersolidity in 4He in low-frequency sound experiments

We present results of the search for supersolid 4He using low-frequency, low-level mechanical excitation of a solid sample grown and cooled at fixed volume. We have observed low frequency non-linear resonances that constitute anomalous features. These features, which appear below about 0.8 K, are absent in 3He. The frequency, the amplitude at which the nonlinearity sets in, and the upper temperature limit of existence of these resonances depend markedly on the sample history.Comment: Submitted to the Quantum Fluids and Solids Conf. Aug. 2006 Kyot

Nilai Gizi Beras Lima Varitas Padi Unggul

Nilai gizi beras lima varitas padi unggul. (The nutritional value of rice of five high-yielding varieties). Presented at the First Asian Congress of Nutrition, Hyderabad, January 28 - February 2, 1971. The protein contents of IRRI rice varieties were: 7% in PB 5 (IRRI 5), 6.4% in PB 8 (IRRI 8) and 9% in C4-63. The Indonesian high-yielding rice varieties had protein contents of 6% in Shinta, and 7.3% in Dewi Ratih, compared to 6% in brown rice. The PER values of PB 5 and PB 8 were 2.3 and 2.5 while that of Shinta and brown rice were 2.2 and 2.1. The PER value of skimmed milk was 2.9. The NPU-op values of those four rice varieties ranged from 52 to 54, but was only 40 for C4-63. Fortification with L-lysine monohydrochloride increased the NPU. Varitas-varitas padi PB 5 dan PB 8 lebih disukai orang karena lebih enak rasanya, terutama jenis Shinta dan C4-63. Menjadi pertanyaan apakah jenis-jenis ini mempunyai kualitas protein yang lebih baik, disamping daya hasil tinggi dan ciri-ciri lain.Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mencari nilai gizi beras kelima varitas padi