Lower occlusion pressure during resistance exercise with blood-flow restriction promotes lower pain and perception of exercise compared to higher occlusion pressure when the total training volume is equalized

Low-intensity resistance exercise with blood-flow restriction (BFR) promotes similar adaptations to high-intensity resistance exercise (HI-RE). Interestingly, BFR has been demonstrated to be effective for a wide range of occlusion pressures. However, the occlusion pressure magnitude may alter the psychophysiological stress related to BFR as measured by rating of perceived exertion scale (RPE) and rating of pain. We aimed to compare the RPE and pain levels across different magnitudes of occlusion pressures, promoting new knowledge regarding occlusion pressure on stress related to BFR. All BFR protocols ranging between 40% and 80% of total arterial occlusion (BFR40, BFR50, BFR60, BFR70, and BFR80) were compared to HI-RE in 12 participants using a randomized and crossover design 72 h apart. BFR protocols and HI-RE were performed with 30% and 80% of one-repetition maximum (1RM) test value, respectively. RPE and pain levels were measured before exercise and immediately after each set. BFR protocols (i.e., BFR40 and BFR50) presented overall lower RPE response compared to higher-pressure BFR (i.e., BFR70 and BFR80) and HI-RE conditions. For pain levels, low-pressure BFRs (i.e., BFR40 and BFR50), and HI-RE showed lower values than high-pressure BFR protocols (i.e., BFR60, BFR70, and BFR80). In conclusion, low-pressure BFR protocols promote lower RPE and pain compared to high-pressure BFR protocols (between 60% and 80% of occlusion pressure), when total training volume (TTV) is equalized. In addition, HI-RE promotes similar levels of pain, but higher RPE than low-pressure BFR, probably due to the higher TTV

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

Immune responses to an upper body tri-set resistance training session

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the acute immune responses to an upper body tri-set resistance training (RT) session in RT trained individuals. Eighteen young trained men (220 +/- 18years) were randomly assigned to an exercise group (EG; n=9) or control group (CG; n=9). The EG completed an acute tri-set RT protocol using two combinations of three exercises for the same muscle group with six to eight repetitions at 75% of one repetition maximum (1RM) for each exercise. Blood samples were collected before (Pre), and 15min (Post) and 24h (P24h) after the acute RT protocol to determine basal and acute total leucocytes and leucocyte subsets counting, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor- (TNF-) and cortisol. There were significant increases in total leucocytes, monocytes and neutrophils at Post as compared with Pre (P<005). Additionally, total leucocytes and monocytes were reduced even at P24h when compared to Pre (P<005). There were no significant changes in plasma concentrations of TNF-, IL-6 and cortisol throughout the measured moments. As compared to CG, EG demonstrated very large effect sizes for total leucocytes, neutrophils and monocytes 15min postprotocol and a reduction (trivial and small effect sizes) P24h. These results suggest that the tri-set RT session did not exacerbate the acute inflammatory response and might be a good option for variations in RT methods for trained individuals.341647

Effect of Resistance, Endurance, and Concurrent Training on TNF-alpha, IL-6, and CRP

LIBARDI, C. A., G. V. DE SOUZA, C. R. CAVAGLIERI, V. A. MADRUGA, and M. P. T. CHACON-MIKAHIL. Effect of Resistance, Endurance, and Concurrent Training on TNF-alpha, IL-6, and CRP. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 44, No. 1, pp. 50-56, 2012. Purpose: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of 16 wk of resistance training (RT), endurance training (ET), and concurrent training (CT) on inflammatory markers, C-reactive protein (CRP), and functional capacity in sedentary middle-age men. Methods: Healthy subjects were randomized into RT (n = 11), ET (n = 12), CT (n = 11), and a control group (n = 13). The subjects performed three weekly sessions lasting about 60 min for 16 wk. Maximal strength was tested in bench press and leg press. The peak oxygen uptake ((V)over dotO(2peak)) was measured in an incremental exercise test. Plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and CRP levels were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Maximal strength was increased after 16 wk, with no differences between RT and CT. (V)over dotO(2peak) increased in ET and CT comparing before and after training. There were no significant differences in TNF-alpha, IL-6, and CRP comparing before and after training. Conclusions: Sixteen weeks of RT, ET, or CT in middle-age healthy men has not affected low and moderate IL-6, TNF-alpha, and CRP levels. CT performed in the same weekly frequency and session duration of ET and RT was effective in increasing both maximal strength and (V)over dotO(2peak), in addition to improvements in lipid profile.4415056National Counsel of Technological and Scientific Development, Brazi

Acute hormonal responses following different velocities of eccentric exercise

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)The aim of this study was to compare the acute hormonal responses following two different eccentric exercise velocities. Seventeen healthy, untrained, young women were randomly placed into two groups to perform five sets of six maximal isokinetic eccentric actions at slow (30 degrees s(-1)) and fast (210 degrees s(-1)) velocities with 60-s rest between sets. Growth hormone, cortisol, free and total testosterone were assessed by blood samples collected at baseline, immediately postexercise, 5, 15 and 30 min following eccentric exercise. Changes in hormonal responses over time were compared between groups, using a mixed model followed by a Tukey's post hoc test. The main findings of the present study were that the slow group showed higher growth hormone values immediately (5.08 +/- 2.85ng ml(-1), P=0.011), 5 (5.54 +/- 301 ng ml(-1), P=0.004) and 15 min (4.30 +/- 2.87 ng ml(-1), P=0.021) posteccentric exercise compared with the fast group (1.39 +/- 2.41 ng ml(-1), 1.34 +/- 1.97 ng ml(-1) and 1.24 +/- 1.87 ng ml(-1), respectively), and other hormonal responses were not different between groups (P>0.05). In conclusion, slow eccentric exercise velocity enhances more the growth hormone(GH) response than fast eccentric exercise velocity without cortisol and testosterone increases.336450454Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Comparison in responses to maximal eccentric exercise between elbow flexors. and knee extensors of older adults

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Objectives: To compare the susceptibility of elbow flexors (EF) and knee extensors (KE) to eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage in older individuals, since ageing could modulate the difference in the susceptibility to muscle damage between muscles. Design: Cross-sectional and cross-over study design. Methods: Eight older (61.6 +/- 1.8 years) adults performed 5 sets of 6 maximal isokinetic (90 degrees s(-1)) eccentric contractions of the EF (range of motion: 80-20 degrees) and RE (30-90 degrees) with the non-dominant limb in a randomised, counterbalanced order with 2 weeks between bouts. Maximal voluntary isometric (MVC-ISO) and concentric contraction torque, optimum angle, range of motion (ROM), muscle soreness and serum creatine kinase (CM) activity were measured before, immediately after (except CM), and 24, 48, 72 and 96 h following exercise. Normalised changes in the variables following exercise were compared between EF and KE by a mixed model analysis of variance. Results: Only MVC-ISO and ROM demonstrated significant group effects (p 0.05) were found between EF and KE for any of the dependent variables changes. Conclusions: These results suggest that the KE of older adults are relatively as susceptible to muscle damage as their EF, or at the very least, the difference between EF and KE are small for older adults. (C) 2013 Sports Medicine Australia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.1719195Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fund for the Support of Education, Research and Extension from the State University of Campinas (FAEPEX)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

HIGH-INTENSITY INTERVAL TRAINING FOLLOWING SEVEN WEEKS OF RESISTANCE TRAINING ALTERS MUSCLE CALPAIN AND AUTOPHAGY MARKERS

Daniel L. Plotkin1, J. Max Michel1, Joshua S. Godwin1, Paulo H.C. Mesquita1, Bradley A. Ruple1, Mason C. McIntosh1, Cleiton A. Libardi2, Andreas N. Kavazis1, Michael D. Roberts1,3. 1Auburn University, Auburn, AL. 2Federal University of Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos. 3Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine-Auburn Campus, Auburn, AL. BACKGROUND: While the dynamics of muscle protein balance have been explored in the context of many exercise modalities, they have not been studied in a resistance training followed by endurance training (ET) paradigm. Our laboratory recently determined that seven weeks of resistance training (RT) increases vastus lateralis (VL) muscle thickness, and seven weeks of treadmill high-intensity interval training (HIIT) following the RT period reduces VL muscle thickness. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine calpain and autophagy activity markers after the 7-week RT and HIIT periods. METHODS: Vastus lateralis biopsies and muscle thickness (MT) measures were collected from 11 untrained college-aged males at baseline (PRE), after 7 weeks of RT (MID) and after a subsequent 7 weeks of HIIT (POST). Proteins associated with autophagy and calpain activities were assessed via immunoblotting, and calpain activity was assessed via a commercially available plate-based assay. Data were checked for normality using Shapiro-Wilk tests and analyzed via one-way ANOVAs. RESULTS: Tukey’s Multiple comparisons test showed a significant increase in MT from PRE to MID [2.3 mm, CI95% = (1.1 mm, 3.5 mm), p= 0.001], a significant decrease from MID to POST [1.2 mm, CI95% = (0.30 mm, 2.1 mm), p= 0.012],and a non-significant increase from PRE to POST [1.1 mm, CI95% = (2.1 mm, 2.9 mm), p= 0.213]. Microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B (LC3 II/I), phosphorylated AMP-kinase (p-AMPKα, Thr172) / pan-AMPKα, and calpain-1 protein abundance did not reach overall ANOVA significance with respective p-values of 0.854, 0.330, 0.365. Phosphorylated-Unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1 (p-ULK, Ser555) / pan-ULK protein abundance was not significant between time points. Beclin-1 protein abundance increased from PRE to MID (p= 0.012) and PRE to POST (p = 0.005). Calpain-2 increased from PRE to MID (p = 0.001) and PRE to POST (p = 0.003). Finally, calpain-activity normalized to Calpain-1/2 protein content decreased from PRE to MID (p = 0.001), albeit with no significant differences from PRE to POST and MID to POST. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that an elevation in calpain activity markers (rather than autophagy markers) during seven weeks of HIIT may have been partially responsible for mid-thigh muscle size decreases following a seven-week period of RT

The periodized resistance training promotes similar changes in lipid profile in middle-aged men and women

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Aim. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of 16 weeks of periodized resistance training in lipid profile in sedentary middle-aged men and women. Methods. Healthy subjects (N.=50), middle-aged men and postmenopausal women (>12 months amenorrhea), were randomized into resistance training men (RTM), resistance training women (RTW), control group men (CGM) and control group women (CGW). They performed three weekly sessions for 16 weeks (9 exercises with 3 x 8-10 RM and with a 60-90 seconds rest period). Results. Trained groups showed significant decrease in total cholesterol (TC) (RTM -23.61%; RTW -21.08%; P=0.0001) and LDL-C (RTM -35.68%; RTW -38.53%; P=0.0001). No significant changes were observed in HDL-C and triglycerides (TG). No significant changes were found in plasma levels of LDL-C, HDL-C and TG for control groups, though there were significant differences between CGM and CGW for TC. Conclusion. The present results indicate that 16 weeks of periodized RT contribute to decrease of cardiovascular risk factors, such as LDL-C and TC in middle-aged men and women, even without changes in body mass and body mass index.523286292Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq