Narrativas de estudantes de psicologia : significando o consumo de substâncias psicoativas

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Narrativas de alunos da UFPB acerca do consumo de substâncias psicoativas/ Narratives of the UFPB Psychology students’ experience as to the meaning of the psychoactive substances consumption

O presente estudo buscou compreender a experiência de alunos do curso de Psicologia da UFPB com o consumo de substâncias psicoativas (SPAs), a partir das narrativas de 7 estudantes sobre suas vivências, realçando o significado que esse uso tem sobre suas vidas. Para tanto, utilizou-se de metodologia de pesquisa qualitativa, de cunho fenomenológico, cujo instrumento foi uma entrevista a partir de uma pergunta disparadora. Foram encontrados 5 Eixos de Sentido: Eixo 1-Relação pessoal com substâncias psicoativas; Eixo 2 - Relações interpessoais e o consumo de substâncias psicoativas; Eixo 3-Motivação para consumir ou não consumir substâncias psicoativas; Eixo 4-Significado do uso de substâncias psicoativas específicas; e Eixo 5-Percepção sobre substâncias psicoativas. Esses Eixos contemplam 42 Unidades de Significado apreendidas da experiência de cada participante, que foram agrupadas de acordo com os sentidos convergentes entre si. Foi possível perceber a multiplicidade de sentidos que a experiência com o consumo de substâncias psicoativas pode proporcionar, mostrando também que se trata de uma vivência singular cujos significados são fluidos e podem mudar ao longo da vida. A diversidade de repercussões, efeitos, entendimentos e sentidos em torno da droga acompanha, e reflete, seus variados contextos de existência e uso. Os resultados apresentados assinalam que a pesquisa alcançou o objetivo proposto. Destaca- se a relevância do estudo, que propiciou um olhar detalhado à questão do fenômeno drogadição entre universitários, bem como possibilitará a oferta de mais elementos à UFPB, especialmente ao Curso de Psicologia, na elaboração de políticas estudantis.

Anxiolytic Effect of Citrus aurantium

The objective of this study was to investigate the anxiolytic effects of the essential oil (EO) of Citrus aurantium L. in patients experiencing crack withdrawal. This was developed with internal users in therapeutic communities in Paraíba, Brazil. The test population consisted of 51 volunteers, subdivided into three groups. To elicit anxiety, the Simulated Public Speaking (SPS) method was used. Physiological measures were assessed at specific phases during the experiment using appropriate equipment. Psychological measures of anxiety were assessed using the Trait-State Anxiety Inventory (IDATE) and the Analog Smoke Scale (HAS). EO was administered by nebulization. The experiment was developed in individual sessions and consolidated to four phases. The results demonstrated that the test subjects in the groups that were given the EO maintained controlled anxiety levels during SPS, when compared to the Control Group (no treatment). Subjects who used the EO also maintained levels of “discomfort” and “cognitive impairment” during SPS. It was concluded that individuals who are experiencing internal crack cocaine withdrawal present high anxiety traits and that nebulization of the EO of Citrus aurantium L. provided an acute anxiolytic effect in crack cocaine users exposed to SPS

Effects of the single supplementation and multiple doses of Passiflora incarnata L. on human anxiety: A Clinical Trial, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Randomized

Object: This study aimed to investigate the effects of Passiflora incarnata L. on anxiety in humans. Method: The individuals were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: Placebo or experimental, n =30, single dose, as well as Placebo or Experimental, n =15, multiple dose.  The experimental human anxiety was induced by simulated public speaking test in the following phases: Basal (B), stressful (A), speech 1 (S1), speech 2 (S2) and Final (F). We evaluated the Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP), and Diastolic (DBP), Heart Rate (HR), Electrical Conductance of Skin and extremities temperature (ET) and filled The state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI S e T). Results: During the single dose, the HR was reduced at the end of the speech (86±2,0 to 74±3,0 bpm) the experimental group compared to the placebo group (p<0,05); the STAI-S did not change. In the delineation of multiple doses, SBP was reduced, in mmHg, in the experimental group compared to the placebo group during all phases. Experimental: 106±1,0 (B), 111±1,0 (A), 121±2,0 (S1), 115±3 (S2), 104±2,0 (F) e Placebo: 121±3,0; 127±3,0; 130±3,0; 130±4,5; 117±3,0 (p<0,05). Conclusions: It is suggested that supplementation using Passiflora incarnata L. Capsules (500 mg) decreased cardiovascular signals both in single and in multiple doses, associated with the stress of public speaking

Antinociceptive activity of Sargassum polyceratium and the isolation of its chemical components

Marine algae have been the focus of important studies over the past fifty years, with a considerable number of components important to chemists and taxonomists having been isolated and characterized. The scientific data available on Sargassum polyceratium are extremely limited. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the antinociceptive activity of an ethanol extract of S. polyceratium and to isolate its components. Intraperitoneal treatment with ethanol extract of S. polyceratium reduced the number of acetic acid-induced writhes and the amount of time spent in paw-licking in the second phase of the formalin test. Ethanol extract of S. polyceratium also reduced the amount of time spent in paw-licking in the glutamate test; however, there was no difference in the reaction time in the hot plate test at any of the doses tested. The chemical components isolated from ethanol extract of S. polyceratium were identified using one- and two-dimensional spectroscopic methods such as infrared spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The analytical results were also compared with data obtained in the literature. The following porphyrin derivatives were isolated from S. polyceratium: 132-hydroxy-(132-R)-pheophytin-a, 132-hydroxy-(132-S)-pheophytin-a, pheophytin-a, and the steroid fucosterol. The present results indicate that the ethanol extract of S. polyceratium has antinociceptive activity. In addition, four new substances were isolated from the species evaluated. Keywords: Antinociceptive, Sargassum polyceratium, Marine algae, Pain, Porphyrin compound

Antinociceptive Effect of Hydantoin 3-Phenyl-5-(4-ethylphenyl)-imidazolidine-2,4-dione in Mice

Imidazolidine derivatives, or hydantoins, are synthetic compounds with different therapeutic applications. Many imidazolidine derivatives have psychopharmacological properties, such as phenytoin, famous for its anticonvulsant efficacy, but also effective in the treatment of neuropathic pain. The hydantoin, 3-phenyl-5-(4-ethylphenyl)-imidazolidine-2,4-dione (IM-3), synthesized from the amino acid, glycine, was selected for psychopharmacological studies in mice on the basis of its chemical and structural similarity with phenytoin. The first step of this study was to define the LD50, which determined the doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg for subsequent tests. The results obtained from the behavioral screening indicated that IM-3 produces decreased ambulation and analgesia in mice. Motor coordination and anxiety behavior were not affected by treatment with IM-3, as observed in the rotarod and elevated plus-maze tests, respectively. Regarding its antinociceptive properties, IM-3 showed efficacy in the acetic acid-induced writhing test by increasing the latency of the first writhe and reducing the number of writhes, as well as reducing the paw licking time in the second phase of the formalin test. The behavior of treated animals exposed to the hot plate test, however, did not differ from that of the control group. These data suggest that IM-3 has antinociceptive effects in mice, which is probably mediated by anti-inflammatory mechanisms