Morphology and cytology of flower chimeras in hybrids of Brassica carinata × Brassica rapa

Hybridization between white flowered Brassica carinata and yellow flowered B. rapa were made, and the flower chimeras were observed in a few hybrids. The simple single sequence molecular markers verified the hybridity of those hybrids. Chimeras were justified and totally classified based on the morphological characteristics of the flower petals that appeared in the hybrids of B. carinata and B. rapa. Two kinds of flower chimeras were observed: one type was different flower petals were with different colour in one branch; another type was that yellow petals were with white variegations, but the variegation size and shape were different in different petals. The meiosis and mitosis analysis showed that the partial or complete separation of parental genomes inferred to occur in pollen mother cells, shoot and early-developed petals in the flower chimeral hybrids, which hinted that the occurrence of complete or partial segregation of parental genomes in the somatic cells might be the reason for theproduction of flower chimera in the hybrids of B. carinata and B. rapa

Fermion Resonances on a Thick Brane with a Piecewise Warp Factor

In this paper, we mainly investigate the problems of resonances of massive KK fermions on a single scalar constructed thick brane with a piecewise warp factor matching smoothly. The distance between two boundaries and the other parameters are determined by one free parameter through three junction conditions. For the generalized Yukawa coupling $\eta\bar{\Psi}\phi^{k}\Psi$ with odd $k=1,3,5,...$, the mass eigenvalue $m$, width $\Gamma$, lifetime $\tau$, and maximal probability $P_{max}$ of fermion resonances are obtained. Our numerical calculations show that the brane without internal structure also favors the appearance of resonant states for both left- and right-handed fermions. The scalar-fermion coupling and the thickness of the brane influence the resonant behaviors of the massive KK fermions.Comment: V3: 15 pages, 7 figures, published versio

Tropical forest restoration: Fast resilience of plant biomass contrasts with slow recovery of stable soil C stocks

Due to intensifying human disturbance, over half of the world's tropical forests are reforested or afforested secondary forests or plantations. Understanding the resilience of carbon (C) stocks in these forests, and estimating the extent to which they can provide equivalent carbon (C) sequestration and stabilization to the old growth forest they replace, is critical for the global C balance. In this study, we combined estimates of biomass C stocks with a detailed assessment of soil C pools in bare land, Eucalyptus plantation, secondary forest and natural old-growth forest after over 50 years of forest restoration in a degraded tropical region of South China. We used isotope studies, density fractionation and physical fractionation to determine the age and stability of soil C pools at different soil depths. After 52 years, the secondary forests had equivalent biomass C stocks to natural forest, whereas soil C stocks were still much higher in natural forest (97.42 t/ha) than in secondary forest (58.75 t/ha) or Eucalyptus plantation (38.99 t/ha) and lowest in bare land (19.9 t/ha). Analysis of δ13C values revealed that most of the C in the soil surface horizons in the secondary forest was new C, with a limited increase of more recalcitrant old C, and limited accumulation of C in deeper soil horizons. However, occlusion of C in microaggregates in the surface soil layer was similar across forested sites, which suggests that there is great potential for additional soil C sequestration and stabilization in the secondary forest and Eucalyptus plantation. Collectively, our results demonstrate that reforestation on degraded tropical land can restore biomass C and surface soil C stocks within a few decades, but much longer recovery times are needed to restore recalcitrant C pools and C stocks at depth. Repeated harvesting and disturbance in rotation plantations had a substantial negative impact on the recovery of soil C stocks. We suggest that current calculations of soil C in secondary tropical forests (e.g. IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories) could overestimate soil C sequestration and stabilization levels in secondary forests and plantations

Large-deviation analysis for counting statistics in mesoscopic transports

We present an efficient approach, based on a number-conditioned master equation, for large-deviation analysis in mesoscopic transports. Beyond the conventional full-counting-statistics study, the large-deviation approach encodes complete information of both the typical trajectories and the rare ones, in terms of revealing a continuous change of the dynamical phase in trajectory space. The approach is illustrated with two examples: (i) transport through a single quantum dot, where we reveal the inhomogeneous distribution of trajectories in general case and find a particular scale invariance point in trajectory statistics; and (ii) transport through a double dots, where we find a dynamical phase transition between two distinct phases induced by the Coulomb correlation and quantum interference.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figure

Self-dual Vortices in the Abelian Chern-Simons Model with Two Complex Scalar Fields

Making use of $\phi$-mapping topological current method, we discuss the self-dual vortices in the Abelian Chern-Simons model with two complex scalar fields. For each scalar field, an exact nontrivial equation with a topological term which is missing in many references is derived analytically. The general angular momentum is obtained. The magnetic flux which relates the two scalar fields is calculated. Furthermore, we investigate the vortex evolution processes, and find that because of the present of the vortex molecule, these evolution processes is more complicated than the vortex evolution processes in the corresponding single scalar field model.Comment: 9 pages, no figure

Detection of Bleeding Events in Electronic Health Record Notes Using Convolutional Neural Network Models Enhanced With Recurrent Neural Network Autoencoders: Deep Learning Approach

BACKGROUND: Bleeding events are common and critical and may cause significant morbidity and mortality. High incidences of bleeding events are associated with cardiovascular disease in patients on anticoagulant therapy. Prompt and accurate detection of bleeding events is essential to prevent serious consequences. As bleeding events are often described in clinical notes, automatic detection of bleeding events from electronic health record (EHR) notes may improve drug-safety surveillance and pharmacovigilance. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to develop a natural language processing (NLP) system to automatically classify whether an EHR note sentence contains a bleeding event. METHODS: We expert annotated 878 EHR notes (76,577 sentences and 562,630 word-tokens) to identify bleeding events at the sentence level. This annotated corpus was used to train and validate our NLP systems. We developed an innovative hybrid convolutional neural network (CNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM) autoencoder (HCLA) model that integrates a CNN architecture with a bidirectional LSTM (BiLSTM) autoencoder model to leverage large unlabeled EHR data. RESULTS: HCLA achieved the best area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.957) and F1 score (0.938) to identify whether a sentence contains a bleeding event, thereby surpassing the strong baseline support vector machines and other CNN and autoencoder models. CONCLUSIONS: By incorporating a supervised CNN model and a pretrained unsupervised BiLSTM autoencoder, the HCLA achieved high performance in detecting bleeding events

HiTrust: building cross-organizational trust relationship based on a hybrid negotiation tree

Small-world phenomena have been observed in existing peer-to-peer (P2P) networks which has proved useful in the design of P2P file-sharing systems. Most studies of constructing small world behaviours on P2P are based on the concept of clustering peer nodes into groups, communities, or clusters. However, managing additional multilayer topology increases maintenance overhead, especially in highly dynamic environments. In this paper, we present Social-like P2P systems (Social-P2Ps) for object discovery by self-managing P2P topology with human tactics in social networks. In Social-P2Ps, queries are routed intelligently even with limited cached knowledge and node connections. Unlike community-based P2P file-sharing systems, we do not intend to create and maintain peer groups or communities consciously. In contrast, each node connects to other peer nodes with the same interests spontaneously by the result of daily searches

Localization of Bulk Matters on a Thick Anti-de Sitter Brane

In this paper, we investigate the localization and the mass spectra of gravity and various bulk matter fields on a thick anti-de Sitter (AdS) brane, by presenting the mass-independent potentials of the Kaluza-Klein (KK) modes in the corresponding Schr\"{o}dinger equations. For gravity, the potential of the KK modes tends to infinity at the boundaries of the extra dimension, which leads to an infinite number of the bound KK modes. Although the gravity zero mode cannot be localized on the AdS brane, the massive modes are trapped on the brane. The scalar perturbations of the thick AdS brane have been analyzed, and the brane is stable under the scalar perturbations. For spin-0 scalar fields and spin-1 vector fields, the potentials of the KK modes also tend to infinity at the boundaries of the extra dimension, and the characteristic of the localization is the same as the case of gravity. For spin-1/2 fermions, by introducing the usual Yukawa coupling $\eta\bar{\Psi}\phi\Psi$ with the positive coupling constant $\eta$, the four-dimensional massless left-chiral fermion and massive Dirac fermions are obtained on the AdS thick brane.Comment: 23 pages, 9 figure