Algebraic Cayley Graphs over Finite Fields

A new algebraic Cayley graph is constructed using finite fields. Its connectedness and diameter bound are studied via Weil's estimate for character sums. These graphs provide a new source of expander graphs, extending classical results of Chung

DO NATURAL DISASTERS INCREASE FINANCIAL RISKS? AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS

Using an unbalanced panel data consisting of deaths from natural disasters and five factors of financial risks in 136 countries, this paper analyzes the effect of natural disasters on different financial risks. The conclusions are as follows: (1) natural disasters lead to financial crisis by reducing GDP and trade and increasing domestic and foreign debt; (2) the effects of natural disasters on financial risks are dynamic and long term, with the effect weakening with time; and (3) the negative effects of natural disasters on financial risks in high-income and OECD countries are smaller than those of low-income and non-OECD countries.Using an unbalanced panel data consisting of deaths from natural disasters and five factors of financial risks in 136 countries, this paper analyzes the effect of natural disasters on different financial risks. The conclusions are as follows: (1) natural disasters lead to financial crisis by reducing GDP and trade and increasing domestic and foreign debt; (2) the effects of natural disasters on financial risks are dynamic and long term, with the effect weakening with time; and (3) the negative effects of natural disasters on financial risks in high-income and OECD countries are smaller than those of low-income and non-OECD countries

Optimization of Location-Routing for the Waste Household Appliances Recycling Logistics under the Uncertain Condition

Waste household appliances and electronic products usually contain harmful substances which need scientific and reasonable collection, classification, processing, recovery and disposal to achieve sustainable and effective recycling and utilization. In recent years, due to the poor management of waste household appliances recycling logistics system, safety accidents occur frequently, which seriously harm the health and life safety of the society. This paper studies the risk management of recycling waste household appliances under uncertain conditions and establishes a risk measurement model under fuzzy population density. Considering the multi-stage and classification diversity of waste household appliances recycling logistics, the multi-objective location routing model and location - routing model are established respectively. Based on the model complexity analysis, the solution method of multi-objective model is designed. Finally, the validity of the model and algorithm is verified by examples and tests

Effects of electron beam radiation on trait mutation in azuki bean (Vigna angularisi)

Dry seeds of azuki bean (Vigna angularisi), Jingnong 6 and Hebei 801 varieties were irradiated by electron beam of 100, 300, 600, 700 and 900 Gy, respectively. Mutations of leaf shape and color, seed size and shape, trailing, more branching, dwarfing, early or late flowering time and high yield were created in M2 and M3 generations. There were richest variations in Jinnong 6 treated with 600 Gy. Heibei 801 was more sensitive to electron beam radiation than Jingnong 6; more mutation types were produced at 100, 300 and 600 Gy. The pod number per plant, seed number and yield per plant of Jinnong 6 displayed a strikingly negative correlation to radiation dose, while the pod length, pod width, and 100-seeds weight of progenies from Hebei 801 had a significantly negative correlation with the radiation dose, but pod number per plants showed significantly positive correlation. Few of the normal phenotype plant in M2 generation derived mutants of new leaf yellowing, narrow leaf, clustering flower and leaf, kidney or sword leaf in M3 generation. Mutants of kidney and sword leaf, early flowering time from M2 generation could be stably inherited in M3 generation.Keywords: Azuki bean (Vigna angularisi), electron beam radiation, trait mutatio

The emerging role of cellular senescence in renal diseases

Cellular senescence represents the state of irreversible cell cycle arrest during cell division. Cellular senescence not only plays a role in diverse biological events such as embryogenesis, tissue regeneration and repair, ageing and tumour occurrence prevention, but it is also involved in many cardiovascular, renal and liver diseases through the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms underlying cellular senescence and its possible effects on a variety of renal diseases. We will also discuss the therapeutic approaches based on the regulation of senescent and SASP blockade, which is considered as a promising strategy for the management of renal diseases

eIF2α signaling regulates autophagy of osteoblasts and the development of osteoclasts in OVX mice

Bone loss in postmenopausal osteoporosis is induced chiefly by an imbalance of bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Salubrinal is a synthetic compound that inhibits de-phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2α). Phosphorylation of eIF2α alleviates endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which may activate autophagy. We hypothesized that eIF2α signaling regulates bone homeostasis by promoting autophagy in osteoblasts and inhibiting osteoclast development. To test the hypothesis, we employed salubrinal to elevate the phosphorylation of eIF2α in an ovariectomized (OVX) mouse model and cell cultures. In the OVX model, salubrinal prevented abnormal expansion of rough ER and decreased the number of acidic vesiculars. It regulated ER stress-associated signaling molecules such as Bip, p-eIF2α, ATF4 and CHOP, and promoted autophagy of osteoblasts via regulation of eIF2α, Atg7, LC3, and p62. Salubrinal markedly alleviated OVX-induced symptoms such as reduction of bone mineral density and bone volume fraction. In primary bone-marrow-derived cells, salubrinal increased the differentiation of osteoblasts, and decreased the formation of osteoclasts by inhibiting nuclear factor of activated T-cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1). Live cell imaging and RNA interference demonstrated that suppression of osteoclastogenesis is in part mediated by Rac1 GTPase. Collectively, this study demonstrates that ER stress-autophagy axis plays an important role in OVX mice. Bone-forming osteoblasts are restored by maintaining phosphorylation of eIF2α, and bone-resorbing osteoclasts are regulated by inhibiting NFATc1 and Rac1 GTPase