178,185 research outputs found
Potential barrier of Graphene edges
We calculated row resolved density of states, charge distribution and work
function of graphene's zigzag and armchair edge (either clean or terminated
alternatively with H, O or OH group). The zigzag edge saturated via OH group
has the lowest work function of 3.76 eV, while the zigzag edge terminated via O
has the highest work function of 7.74 eV. The angle-dependent potential barrier
on the edge is fitted to a multi-pole model and is explained by the charge
distribution.Comment: 16 pages, 8 figures. Copyright (2011) American Institute of Physics.
This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires
prior permission of the author and the American Institute of Physics. This
article appeared in (J. Appl. Phys. 109 (2011) 114308) and may be found at
(http://link.aip.org/link/?JAP/109/114308
SOS-convex Semi-algebraic Programs and its Applications to Robust Optimization: A Tractable Class of Nonsmooth Convex Optimization
In this paper, we introduce a new class of nonsmooth convex functions called
SOS-convex semialgebraic functions extending the recently proposed notion of
SOS-convex polynomials. This class of nonsmooth convex functions covers many
common nonsmooth functions arising in the applications such as the Euclidean
norm, the maximum eigenvalue function and the least squares functions with
-regularization or elastic net regularization used in statistics and
compressed sensing. We show that, under commonly used strict feasibility
conditions, the optimal value and an optimal solution of SOS-convex
semi-algebraic programs can be found by solving a single semi-definite
programming problem (SDP). We achieve the results by using tools from
semi-algebraic geometry, convex-concave minimax theorem and a recently
established Jensen inequality type result for SOS-convex polynomials. As an
application, we outline how the derived results can be applied to show that
robust SOS-convex optimization problems under restricted spectrahedron data
uncertainty enjoy exact SDP relaxations. This extends the existing exact SDP
relaxation result for restricted ellipsoidal data uncertainty and answers the
open questions left in [Optimization Letters 9, 1-18(2015)] on how to recover a
robust solution from the semi-definite programming relaxation in this broader
setting
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Semantics-Space-Time Cube. A Conceptual Framework for Systematic Analysis of Texts in Space and Time
We propose an approach to analyzing data in which texts are associated with spatial and temporal references with the aim to understand how the text semantics vary over space and time. To represent the semantics, we apply probabilistic topic modeling. After extracting a set of topics and representing the texts by vectors of topic weights, we aggregate the data into a data cube with the dimensions corresponding to the set of topics, the set of spatial locations (e.g., regions), and the time divided into suitable intervals according to the scale of the planned analysis. Each cube cell corresponds to a combination (topic, location, time interval) and contains aggregate measures characterizing the subset of the texts concerning this topic and having the spatial and temporal references within these location and interval. Based on this structure, we systematically describe the space of analysis tasks on exploring the interrelationships among the three heterogeneous information facets, semantics, space, and time. We introduce the operations of projecting and slicing the cube, which are used to decompose complex tasks into simpler subtasks. We then present a design of a visual analytics system intended to support these subtasks. To reduce the complexity of the user interface, we apply the principles of structural, visual, and operational uniformity while respecting the specific properties of each facet. The aggregated data are represented in three parallel views corresponding to the three facets and providing different complementary perspectives on the data. The views have similar look-and-feel to the extent allowed by the facet specifics. Uniform interactive operations applicable to any view support establishing links between the facets. The uniformity principle is also applied in supporting the projecting and slicing operations on the data cube. We evaluate the feasibility and utility of the approach by applying it in two analysis scenarios using geolocated social media data for studying people's reactions to social and natural events of different spatial and temporal scales
Hidden Fermi-liquid charge transport in the antiferromagnetic phase of the electron-doped cuprates
Systematic analysis of the planar resistivity, Hall effect and cotangent of
the Hall angle for the electron-doped cuprates reveals underlying Fermi-liquid
behavior even deep in the antiferromagnetic part of the phase diagram. The
transport scattering rate exhibits a quadratic temperature dependence, and is
nearly independent of doping, compound and carrier type (electrons vs. holes),
and hence universal. Our analysis moreover indicates that the material-specific
resistivity upturn at low temperatures and low doping has the same origin in
both electron- and hole-doped cuprates.Comment: To appear in PR
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Thermal Performance of a Crossed Compound Parabolic Concentrator with PV Cell
Crossed compound parabolic concentrator (CCPC) is a solar energy device used to increase the photovoltaic (PV) cell electrical power output. CCPC’s thermal and optical performance issues are equally important for a PV cell or module to work under a favourable operating condition. However, most work to-date is emphasised on its optical performance paying a little attention to the thermal characteristics. In this contribution, we investigate the thermal performance of a CCPC with PV cell at four different beam incidences (0o, 10o, 20o, 30o and 40o). Initially, experiment is performed in the indoor PV laboratory at the University of Exeter with 1kW/m2 radiation intensity. 3D simulations are carried out to first validate the predicted data and then to characterise the overall performance. Results show that the temperature in the PV silicon layer is the highest at 0o and 30o, with the top glass cover of CCPC having the lowest temperature at all the incidences. The temperature and optical efficiency profiles at the various incidences predicted by simulation show very good agreement with the measurements, especially at 0o incidence. This study provides useful information for understanding the coupled optical-thermal performance of the CCPC with PV cell working at various conditions
Evidence for a quantum phase transition in electron-doped PrCeCuO from Thermopower measurements
The evidence for a quantum phase transition under the superconducting dome in
the high- cuprates has been controversial. We report low temperature
normal state thermopower(S) measurements in electron-doped
PrCeCuO as a function of doping (x from 0.11 to
0.19). We find that at 2K both S and S/T increase dramatically from x=0.11 to
0.16 and then saturate in the overdoped region. This behavior has a remarkable
similarity to previous Hall effect results in
PrCeCuO . Our results are further evidence for an
antiferromagnetic to paramagnetic quantum phase transition in electron-doped
cuprates near x=0.16.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure
Natural convective heat transfer in a walled CCPC with PV cell
The free convective heat transfer phenomenon in an isolated, walled CCPC with PV cell is studied experimentally at 1000 W/m2 irradiance and 28.5 °C ambient temperature as well as 0°, 10°, 20°, 30° and 40° incidences in indoor laboratory by using solar simulator. Then a series of numerical simulations are launched to estimate the CCPC natural heat transfer behaviour and optical performance based on steady heat transfer and laminar flow models with grey optical option. It is identified that the heat transfer and optical performances of CCPC are dependent on the incidence. Especially, the PV cell is subject to the highest temperature at an incidence less than 20°, and otherwise the top glass cover is with the highest temperature. The predicted temperatures, Nusselt numbers and heat loss ratios are consistent with the experimental observations basically, especially at the incidence less than 20° with (−10.1~+3) % error in temperature, (−35.6~+12.6) % in Nusselt number, and (−1.2~+20.5) % in CCPC wall heat loss ratio. The optical parameters predicted agree very well with the measurements. The heat loss from the CCPC walls accounts for nearly 60% of the total incoming solar irradiance and should be paid significant attention in the design of CCPC
Ratcheting Heat Flux against a Thermal Bias
Merely rocking the temperature in one heat bath can direct a steady heat flux
from cold to hot against a non-zero thermal bias in stylized nonlinear lattice
junctions that are sandwiched between two heat baths. Likewise, for an average
zero-temperature difference between the two contacts a net, ratchet-like heat
flux emerges. Computer simulations show that this very heat flux can be
controlled and reversed by suitably tailoring the frequency ( 100
MHz) of the alternating temperature field.Comment: 5 pages, 6 figure
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