Growth and Development of Two Broiler Strains with Low Protein and Crystalline Amino Acid Supplemented Diets

The objective of this research was to compare the growth performance of broilers from two commercial breeds with control, low protein and low protein supplemented with crystalline amino acids diets. This was a randomized block design, and identical experiments were conducted on successively in two years. In each experiment, day-old chicks, Ross 708 broilers and Cobb 405 broilers, were randomly assigned into three dietary treatments: 1) positive control, 2) low crude protein (LP), and 3) LP + crystalline amino acids (CAA). A three phase feeding program was used. Feed and water were provided ad-libitum. On d 12, 19, 26, 33, 40, 47, and 54, two birds per pen were randomly selected, weighed, and euthanized by carbon dioxide asphyxiation for further dissection. Three muscles (M. peronaeus longus, M. iliotibialis, and M. pectoralis thoracica), and three bones (tibia, femur, and radius), and organs were collected. Abdominal fat was only collected at the end of the experiment in the first year. The results showed that dietary protein restriction by 6% units had a retarding influence on the growth and development of visceral organs, muscle tissues and bone mass. The supporting effect of CAA helped compensate the negative effect of low protein diet on the bodyweight, organs, muscles and bones growth, but only during the early growing stages. Cobb broilers had a significantly heavier bodyweight with both low protein and low protein with CAA diets. However, Ross broilers produced significant heavier pectoralis, and had more pectoralis yield than Cobb broilers by feeding the control and low protein with CAA diets. The relative growth of pectoralis in both breeds was significantly inhibited by feeding low protein diet, and the decrease of pectoralis proportion even showed a week earlier, compared to the absolute pectoralis growth. The CAA supplementation enabled both breeds to produce of close pectoralis proportion compared to those on control diet, and this supportive effect of CAA on Ross broiler lasted a week longer than on Cobb broilers

Certificateless Signature Scheme Based on Rabin Algorithm and Discrete Logarithm

Certificateless signature can effectively immue the key escrow problem in the identity-based signature scheme. But the security of the most certificateless signatures usually depends on only one mathematical hard problem, which makes the signature vulnerable when the underlying hard problem has been broken. In order to strengthen the security, in this paper, a certificateless signature whose security depends on two mathematical hard problems, discrete logarithm and factoring problems, is proposed. Then, the proposed certificateless signature can be proved secure in the random oracle, and only both of the two mathematical hard problems are solved, can the proposed signature be broken. As a consequence, the proposed certificateless signature is more secure than the previous signatures. On the other hand, with the pre-computation of the exponential modular computation, it will save more time in the signature signing phase. And compared with the other schemes of this kind, the proposed scheme is more efficient

Influence Mechanism of Smart City Innovation on Green Supply Chain Network Efficiency

The traditional logistics industry faces increasingly prominent problems like high energy consumption, high pollution, and high emissions. The improvement of green supply chain network efficiency (GSCNE) has become the development direction of this industry. Focusing on the panel data of 225 prefectures in China during 2012-2021, this paper uses the difference in differences (DID) method to explore the influence mechanism of smart city construction on GSCNE. The results show that smart city construction can enhance GSCNE via three mediators: information and communication technology (ICT), sustainable development, and technological innovation. Finally, some managerial implications were summarized according to the research conclusions

Growth and development symposium: Stem and progenitor cells in animal growth: The regulation of beef quality by resident progenitor cells

© The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society of Animal Science. All rights reserved. The intramuscular adipose tissue deposition in the skeletal muscle of beef cattle is a highly desired trait essential for high-quality beef. In contrast, the excessive accumulation of crosslinked collagen in intramuscular connective tissue contributes to beef toughness. Recent studies revealed that adipose tissue and connective tissue share an embryonic origin in mice and may be derived from a common immediate bipotent precursor in mice and humans. Having the same linkages in the development of adipose tissue and connective tissue in beef, the lineage commitment and differentiation of progenitor cells giving rise to these tissues may directly affect beef quality. It has been shown that these processes are regulated by some key transcription regulators and are subjective to epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNAs. Continued exploration of relevant regulatory pathways is very important for the identification of mechanisms influencing meat quality and the development of proper management strategies for beef quality improvement

An Ensemble Multilabel Classification for Disease Risk Prediction

It is important to identify and prevent disease risk as early as possible through regular physical examinations. We formulate the disease risk prediction into a multilabel classification problem. A novel Ensemble Label Power-set Pruned datasets Joint Decomposition (ELPPJD) method is proposed in this work. First, we transform the multilabel classification into a multiclass classification. Then, we propose the pruned datasets and joint decomposition methods to deal with the imbalance learning problem. Two strategies size balanced (SB) and label similarity (LS) are designed to decompose the training dataset. In the experiments, the dataset is from the real physical examination records. We contrast the performance of the ELPPJD method with two different decomposition strategies. Moreover, the comparison between ELPPJD and the classic multilabel classification methods RAkEL and HOMER is carried out. The experimental results show that the ELPPJD method with label similarity strategy has outstanding performance