Estudio y optimización de las infraestructuras de los carriles para bicicletas

La necesidad cotidiana de los ciudadanos de desplazarse para realizar diferentes actividades, sea cual fuere su naturaleza, se ha visto afectada en gran medida por los cambios producidos. Las ventajas generadas por la inclusión de la bicicleta como modo de transporte y la proliferación de su uso entre la ciudadanía son innumerables y se extienden tanto en el ámbito de la movilidad urbana como del desarrollo sostenible. En la actualidad, hay multitud de programas para la implantación, fomento o aumento de la participación ciudadana relacionado con la bicicleta en las ciudades. Pero en definitiva, todos y cada uno de estas iniciativas tienen la misma finalidad, crear una malla de vías cicladles eficaz y útil. Capaces de permitir el uso de la bicicleta en vías preferentes con unas garantías de seguridad altas, incorporando la bicicleta en el modelo de intermodalidad del transporte urbano. Con la progresiva implantación del carril bici, muchas personas han empezado a utilizarlas para moverse por la ciudad. Pero todo lo nuevo necesita un periodo de adaptación. Y, la realidad es que la red de viales destinados para estos vehículos está repleta de obstáculos para el ciclista. La actual situación ha llevado a cuestionar qué cantidad de kilómetros de carriles bici son necesarios para abastecer la demanda existente de este modo de transporte y, si las obras ejecutadas y proyectadas son las correctas y suficientes. En este trabajo se presenta una herramienta, basada en un modelo de programación matemática, para el diseño óptimo de una red destinada a los ciclistas. En concreto, el sistema determina una infraestructura para la bicicleta adaptada a las características de la red de carreteras existentes, con base en criterios de teoría de grafos ponderados. Como una aplicación del modelo propuesto, se ofrece el resultado de estos experimentos, obteniéndose un número de conclusiones útiles para la planificación y el diseño de redes de carriles bici desde una perspectiva social. Se realiza una aplicación de la metodología desarrollada para el caso real del municipio de Málaga (España). Por último se produce la validación del modelo de optimización presentado y la repercusión que tiene éste sobre el resultado final y la importancia o el peso del total de variables capaces de condicionar el resultado final de la red ciclista. Se obtiene, por tanto, una herramienta destinada a la mejora de la planificación, diseño y gestión de las diferentes infraestructuras para la bicicleta, con capacidad de interactuar con el modelo de red vial actual y con el resto de los modos de transportes existentes en el entramado urbano de las ciudades.The daily need for citizens to move for different activities, whatever its nature, has been greatly affected by the changes. The benefits generated by the bicycle’s inclusion as mode of transport and the proliferation of its use among citizens are innumerable and extend both in the field of urban mobility and sustainable development. Currently, there are many programs for implementation, promotion or increase public participation related to cycling in cities. But ultimately, each and every one of these initiatives have the same goal, to create a mesh effective and useful cycling trails. Able to allow the use of bicycles in preferred routes with a high safety garant˜Aias incorporating bicycle on the model of intermodal urban transport. With the gradual implementation of bike lanes, many people have begun to use them to get around the city. But everything again needs a period of adaptation. And the reality is that the road network intended for these vehicles is full of obstacles to the rider. The current situation has led to question how much kilometers of bike lanes are needed to supply the demand of this mode of transport and, if the works executed and planned are correct and sufficient. In this work a tool based on a mathematical programming model for the optimal design of a network for cyclists is presented. Specifically, the system determines a bicycle infrastructure adapted to the characteristics of the existing road network, based on criteria weighted graph theory. As an application of the proposed model, is offered the result of these experiments, obtaining a number of useful conclusions for planning and network design cycle paths from a social perspective. An application of the methodology developed for the real case of the municipality of Malaga (Spain) is performed. Finally, validation optimization model presented and the impact it has on the final result and the importance or weight of all variables able to determine the final result of the cycling network occurs. Is obtained therefore a tool for improving the planning, design and management of different infrastructures for bicycle’s mobility, with ability to interact with the current model of road network and other existing modes of transport in the urban network of cities

Responsabilidad penal de las personas jurídicas: ¿nueva era compliance en Ecuador? Un diálogo con España

The recent amendment to the Ecuadorian criminal code has generated varied interpretations regarding corporate criminal liability. This paper raises various issues that will have to be addressed by the Ecuadorian justice system in the near future, such as the model of corporate criminal liability, its political-criminal and dogmatic basis, the importance of compliance and, especially, its interpretation in light of the Constitution. In Spain, these issues have already been raised and the Supreme Court has established case law on the subject. This article aims to establish a dialogue between the two jurisdictions so that their accumulated experience of legal theory and case law can be mutually beneficial.La reciente modificación de la ley penal ecuatoriana ha generado variadas interpretaciones respecto a la responsabilidad penal de la persona jurídica. En este artículo se plantean diversas cuestiones que deberán ser abordadas por la justicia ecuatoriana en un futuro cercano, tales como el modelo de responsabilidad penal de la persona jurídica, su fundamento político-criminal y dogmático, la importancia del compliance y, especialmente, su interpretación a la luz de la Constitución. En España ya se han planteado estas cuestiones y el Tribunal Supremo ha sentado doctrina al respecto. Este artículo pretende establecer un diálogo entre las dos jurisdicciones para que la experiencia acumulada de la doctrina y jurisprudencia de ambas pueda ser mutuamente provechosa

EFFICIENT POSTAL SERVICE AND RESPECTFUL WITH THE ENVIRONMENT

[EN] The postal service is suffering an adaptation to the new markets opened by the users. The traditional post, letters and postcards, is being used less and is substituted by mail and packaging. To adequate to this new market it's important for the postal sector companies. In Spain, the operator of the Universal Postal Service has taken example from other companies of the sector, national and international, implanting electrical bicycle mail and packaging service in the centre of big cities. This is due to the fact that there are more the cities that are forbidding vehicle access to it's historical centres and the volume of packaging to deliver is greater. But, is it viable to deliver using hybrid and electrical vehicles in cities? This study intends to improve the distribution in cities with the implantation of these vehicles. It takes into account the characteristics of populations between 50.000 and 100.000 inhabitants, in which it will be analysed the advantages and inconvenience, doing special emphasis in the economic cost, conducting studies of the costs of implantation and amortization time.Vera López, J.; Pabón Dueñas, AB.; Liñán Ruiz, RJ.; Merino Córdoba, S. (2016). EFFICIENT POSTAL SERVICE AND RESPECTFUL WITH THE ENVIRONMENT. En XII Congreso de ingeniería del transporte. 7, 8 y 9 de Junio, Valencia (España). Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 1965-1974. https://doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2015.4085OCS1965197

System Optimization Courier and Parcel in Cities

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to study the distribution networks in order to reduce the costs in this phase. Considering the distribution networks of traditional postal service, carried out by the operator of the universal postal service in cities.Acting directly on the stage that generates more costs for the quantity of human and material resources needed, it can achieve efficiency in distribution and in quality. Optimizing the process it is possible to obtain better use with the already existing resources.It starts with real data from a specific population and by analysis of this information, a study is conducted. It has taken into account various influencing factors: product distribution media and distribution points for greater efficiency and resource optimization of the distribution networks.In particular we have studied Section 21 located in the Distribution Unit of Posts and Telegraphs State, Anonymous Society, in Estepona (Málaga)

PATHER and GPS Together to Improve Transport Efficiency

[EN] The new PATHER system becomes the perfect partner of GPS, so that the user gets a real positioning system when this is needed. This also includes positioning inside buildings. PATHER is based on Techno-accessibility and takes the concept of transport a step ahead, until developing a set of actions and providing services, in order to increase user information. Using this system provides each individual the opportunity to feel confident and independent, regardless of their physical condition, because the system is able to act in many situations providing the user information necessary for optimal transportPabón Dueñas, A.; Vera López, JA.; Liñán Ruiz, RJ.; Merino Córdoba, S. (2016). PATHER and GPS Together to Improve Transport Efficiency. En XII Congreso de ingeniería del transporte. 7, 8 y 9 de Junio, Valencia (España). Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 2275-2283. https://doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2015.4103OCS2275228

Methodological application of Location of service Public Bike. Service MUyBICI of Murcia

[EN] The use of non-motorized means of transport such as the bicycle, brings many benefits to the user and for the city in terms of costs and health for the first and decreased environmental pollution for the city. To find the optimal location for placement of the different parties to public bike, aims to attract the usual user and potential, have the feasibility of switching modes without any restrictions, while generating the ability to balance the demands users towards sustainable modes of transport, with special attention to cycling and public bike loan. The implementation of this methodology is performed in the municipality of Murcia (Spain) due to the opening of its public bicycle system MUyBICI which will have 60 benches, with a total of 1,200 posts anchor and put into circulation 600 public bicycles. As selection criteria to be considered for the optimal location of the beds, the existing network of bike paths were considered, roads used by all users of the public highway, a description of travel and a database information with different land uses and socioeconomic data transport areas. In this paper an analysis model and application for optimal design of banking locations for Murcia MUyBICI service occurs. Specifically, they define what are the best locations to attract a larger number of users, in order to achieve a change in the percentage of the modal split of the municipality, increasing the number of users MUyBICI service. This work comes under the direction of the Bicycle Office of Murcia, part of the ALEM (Local Agency for Energy and Environment) service under the Department of Environment of the City of Murcia.Liñán Ruiz, R.; Berenguer Sempere, FJ.; Vera López, J.; Pabón Dueñas, A.; Merino Córdoba, S. (2016). Methodological application of Location of service Public Bike. Service MUyBICI of Murcia. En XII Congreso de ingeniería del transporte. 7, 8 y 9 de Junio, Valencia (España). Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 130-138. https://doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2015.4090OCS13013

Investigación Educativa en las Ciencias Sociales

El libro se organiza en cinco grandes secciones, cada una con diferentes capítulos: La primera de ellas, rescata dos temas vinculados con aspectos teórico metodológicos de la Investigación Educativa; La segunda sección recoge algunos planteamientos del nivel básico; en tanto que la tercera, concentra dos capítulos de investigación en el nivel superior; la cuarta parte recupera y muestra dos aportes de nivel posgrado y, finalmente, se cierra con una quinta sección donde se concentran, distintos capítulos, de tópicos diversos