99 research outputs found

    Se reconnaĂźtre dans le maquis des acquis

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    International audienceC’est un vĂ©ritable challenge de rendre compte d’un enjeu social aussi inextricable que l’évaluation et la reconnaissance des acquis. L’auteur essaie toutefois de restituer quelques axes fondamentaux qui ont guidĂ© l’action du gouvernement depuis 1984, Ă  laquelle il a pris part. Le dĂ©bat peut ĂȘtre clarifiĂ© en distinguant la reconnaissance de la validation des acquis. Par reconnaissance des acquis, on entend tout type de reconnaissance ne donnant pas lieu Ă  validation, terme rĂ©servĂ© Ă  une reconnaissance officielle dans deux systĂšmes de normes : les diplĂŽmes et les classifications dĂ©finies par les conventions collectives de branches. Le constat d’un dĂ©ficit important de qualification validĂ©e de la population française a motivĂ© la mise en Ɠuvre par le gouvernement français d’une politique de reconnaissance et de validation des acquis. Cette pĂ©nurie ne signifiait pas que les Français n’avaient pas de qualification, notamment au regard de la correspondance des qualifications au niveau de l’Europe. DĂšs lors, de nouveaux modes de reconnaissance et d’évaluation devaient ĂȘtre trouvĂ©

    A Tale of Two Laws of Semantic Change: Predicting Synonym Changes with Distributional Semantic Models

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    Lexical Semantic Change is the study of how the meaning of words evolves through time. Another related question is whether and how lexical relations over pairs of words, such as synonymy, change over time. There are currently two competing, apparently opposite hypotheses in the historical linguistic literature regarding how synonymous words evolve: the Law of Differentiation (LD) argues that synonyms tend to take on different meanings over time, whereas the Law of Parallel Change (LPC) claims that synonyms tend to undergo the same semantic change and therefore remain synonyms. So far, there has been little research using distributional models to assess to what extent these laws apply on historical corpora. In this work, we take a first step toward detecting whether LD or LPC operates for given word pairs. After recasting the problem into a more tractable task, we combine two linguistic resources to propose the first complete evaluation framework on this problem and provide empirical evidence in favor of a dominance of LD. We then propose various computational approaches to the problem using Distributional Semantic Models and grounded in recent literature on Lexical Semantic Change detection. Our best approaches achieve a balanced accuracy above 0.6 on our dataset. We discuss challenges still faced by these approaches, such as polysemy or the potential confusion between synonymy and hypernymy.Comment: Accepted at The 12th Joint Conference on Lexical and Computational Semantics (*SEM 2023

    La thématique hivernale dans les oeuvres de Maurice Cullen, de 1896 à 1914

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    Ce mĂ©moire propose une Ă©tude de la thĂ©matique hivernale dans les tableaux rĂ©alisĂ©s par Maurice Cullen (1864-1936) entre 1896 et 1914. Elle s’appuie sur une analyse des contextes politiques et culturels. Pour reprĂ©senter les paysages enneigĂ©s canadiens, Cullen adapte quelques techniques modernes issues de l’impressionnisme, acquises lors de son premier sĂ©jour en Europe. MalgrĂ© cette influence artistique Ă©trangĂšre prĂ©sente par l’emploi d’une palette de couleurs vives et de la touche divisĂ©e, le respect de la perspective et de la tridimensionnalitĂ© tĂ©moignent du maintien de certains principes acadĂ©miques. L’usage de procĂ©dĂ©s impressionnistes permet Ă  cet artiste de mettre en Ă©vidence les caractĂ©ristiques atmosphĂ©riques et lumineuses de son pays. Par l’application de ces procĂ©dĂ©s sur la reprĂ©sentation de la neige, Cullen participe ainsi Ă  un travail de redĂ©couverte et de valorisation du territoire. En effet, il privilĂ©gie plutĂŽt l’expĂ©rience sensitive du territoire que le choix de la thĂ©matique des Ɠuvres. L’ensemble des donnĂ©es visuelles et sensitives contenues dans ses Ɠuvres a pour objectif de faire prendre conscience au spectateur de sa difficultĂ© Ă  se repĂ©rer au sein de son propre territoire et Ă  accepter les rudes conditions climatiques inhĂ©rentes au Canada. Ce travail demeure impartial face au conflit identitaire opposant les francophones et les anglophones, bien qu’il intervienne dans les prĂ©mices de la mise en place d’une esthĂ©tique canadienne. Ce mĂ©moire dĂ©fend l’idĂ©e que Cullen renouvelle l’imagerie hivernale et s’inscrit dans les dĂ©buts du processus de crĂ©ation d’une iconographie nationale. Avec ses pairs, il s’engage Ă  valoriser l’art local, et il ouvre une rĂ©flexion sur la reprĂ©sentation du territoire canadien, qui sera poursuivie par la gĂ©nĂ©ration suivante avec le Groupe des Sept.This thesis proposes a study of the winter theme in paintings by Maurice Cullen (1864-1936) between 1896 and 1914. It is based on an analysis of political and cultural contexts. To represent the snowy Canadian landscape, Cullen adapts some techniques from modern impressionism, acquired during his first stay in Europe. Despite this foreign artistic influence thanks to his use of a bright color palette and divisional brush strokes, the perspective and the three dimensions reflect his academic principles. The use of impressionist processes allows Cullen to highlight the features and atmospheric light of his country. By applying these processes on the snow, Cullen creates a work of rediscovery and praises the territory. Indeed, this artist’s main focus is the experience one has in the distinct and sensitive environment that is unique to his territory rather than the choice of thematic canvases. All sensory and visual data contained in his works aim to make the viewer aware of the difficulty to locate within its own territory and to accept the harsh conditions inherent in Canada. His work remains impartial to the conflict of identity between Francophones and Anglophones, although it occurs within the premises of the establishment of a Canadian aesthetic. This thesis argues that Cullen renews winter imagery and the early part of the process of creating a national iconography. With his peers, he is committed to enhancing the local and he opens a debate on the representation of Canadian territory, which will be continued by the next generation with the “ Groupe des Sept”

    Les premiers pas des bilans de compétences

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    International audienceEn charge avec Josette Pasquier, Ă  partir de 1984, du dĂ©veloppement d’une politique de reconnaissance et de validation des acquis de l’expĂ©rience au niveau de la DĂ©lĂ©gation Ă  la Formation professionnelle, l’auteur rend compte de l’expĂ©rimentation des centres interinstitutionnels de bilans de compĂ©tences (CIBC), qui aboutira en 1991 Ă  une loi ouvrant en France un droit au bilan de compĂ©tences dans le cadre d’un processus d’orientation Ă©ducative continue

    Evaluation of Quantified Statements using Gradual Numbers - 64

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    Dr. Ludovic LiĂ©tard is currently assistant professor at the University of Rennes 1 (IUT Lannion) in France. His research mainly concerns flexible querying of relational databases using fuzzy set theory and various applications of fuzzy set theory in databases. Dr. Daniel Rocacher is currently assistant professor at the University of Rennes 1 (ENSSAT Lannion) in France. He has proposed new directions to define gradual numbers in the framework of fuzzy set theory. His current research concerns their applications in databases. Evaluation of Quantified Statements using Gradual Numbers -2 -Abstract. This paper is devoted to the evaluation of quantified statements which can be found in many applications as decision-making, expert systems or flexible querying of relational databases using fuzzy set theory. Its contribution is to introduce the main techniques to evaluate such statements and to propose a new theoretical background for the evaluation of quantified statements of type "Q X are A" and "Q B X are A". In this context, quantified statements are interpreted using an arithmetic on gradual numbers from ℕ f , â„€ f and ℚ f . It is shown that the context of fuzzy numbers provides a framework to unify previous approaches and can be the base for the definition of new approaches

    Maximizing positive opinion influence using an evidential approach

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    International audienceIn this paper, we propose a new data based model for influence maximization in online social networks. We use the theory of belief functions to overcome the data imperfection problem. Besides, the proposed model searches to detect influencer users that adopt a positive opinion about the product, the idea, etc, to be propagated. Moreover, we present some experiments to show the performance of our model

    Essai De Dictionnaire Lo-Lo Français

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    MĂ©langes et Documents

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    Liétard C. Mélanges et Documents. In: Revue du Nord, tome 12, n°46, mai 1926. pp. 163-167

    Notes sur les dialectes lo-lo

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    LiĂ©tard Alfred. Notes sur les dialectes lo-lo. In: Bulletin de l'Ecole française d'ExtrĂȘme-Orient. Tome 9, 1909. pp. 549-572
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