Effects of lacto-vegetarian diet and stabilization core exercises on body composition and pain in women with fibromyalgia: randomized controlled trial

Introducción: la fibromialgia es una enfermedad de origen desconocido caracterizada por dolor muscular crónico. La falta de conocimientos sobre esta enfermedad es una de las principales causas por las que resulta complejo realizar un diagnóstico y tratamiento adecuados. Objetivo: el objetivo principal de este estudio fue conocer la eficacia de un tratamiento de fisioterapia combinado con una intervención dietético-nutricional lacto-vegetariana, sobre el dolor bajo de espalda y la composición corporal en mujeres con fibromialgia. Métodos: en el estudio participaron 21 mujeres, que fueron divididas aleatoriamente en 3 grupos: A (ejercicios estabilización core + dieta lacto-vegetariana), B (placebo + dieta lacto-vegetariana) y C (control). La intervención tuvo una duración de 4 semanas y se realizaron evaluaciones del dolor (escala EVA), y de la composición corporal (bioimpedancia), al inicio y final de la intervención. Resultados: el grupo A mostró cambios significativos en la reducción del dolor y la composición corporal al final de la intervención, aumentando la masa muscular y disminuyendo la masa grasa. Además, este grupo mejoró significativamente los resultados en comparación con los grupos B y C. Las correlaciones realizadas mostraron una relación entre la masa muscular y la disminución del dolor referido al final del estudio en las pacientes del grupo A. Conclusiones: un programa de intervención de 4 semanas de duración en el que se combina ejercicios de estabilización de core más dieta lacto-vegetariana en pacientes con fibromialgia que presentan dolor bajo de espalda contribuye a la reducción del dolor y la mejora de la composición corporal.Background: fibromyalgia is a disease of unknown origin characterized by chronic muscular pain. The lack of knowledge about this disease is one of the main causes that makes complex to make a diagnosis and an appropriate treatment. Objective: the main objective of this study was to know the efficacy of a physiotherapy treatment combined with a lacto-vegetarian dietary-nutritional intervention, on low back pain and body composition in women with fibromyalgia. Methods: twenty-one women were randomly divided into three groups: A (core stabilization exercises + lacto-vegetarian diet), B (placebo + lacto-vegetarian diet) and C (control). The intervention lasted 4 weeks. Pain assessments (EVA scale) and body composition (bioimpedance) were performed at the beginning and at the end of the intervention. Results: group A showed significant changes in pain reduction and body composition at the end of the intervention, increasing muscle mass and decreasing fat mass. In addition, this group significantly improved outcomes compared to groups B and C. The correlations showed a relationship between muscle mass and pain reduction referred to at the end of the study in patients in group A. Conclusions: four-week intervention program combining core stabilization exercises plus lacto-vegetarian diet in patients with fibromyalgia who have low back pain contributes to pain reduction and improved body composition

School sports and eating disorders

Ciertos deportes están asociados a riesgos de presentar una alimentación desordenada, sin embargo, se desconoce el estado de la cuestión en infantes. Es objeto de este estudio conocer la prevalencia de riesgo elevado de padecer trastornos de conducta alimentaria (TCA) en escolares que practican deportes de combate en categoría infantil y las diferencias existentes en función de su nivel competitivo y propuesta de dieta. Fueron evaluados 113 escolares practicantes de karate y taekwondo (33 niñas y 80 niños; edad: M = 11.62, dt = .48), que cumplimentaron el instrumento de detección de conductas de riesgo relacionadas con los TCA EAT-26. Los resultados señalan que el 2% de los participantes de estudio presentan sospecha de un trastorno alimentario, son taekwondistas varones de nivel nacional y que siguen dieta. No aparecen diferencias en las conductas de riesgo relacionadas con TCA en función del género del menor o el deporte practicado. Sin embargo, hubo una tendencia significativa de mayor proporción de menores con riesgo de TCA en el grupo de deportistas que competían a nivel nacional frente a los que lo hacían a nivel regional (p = .01), así también en el grupo que seguía una dieta frente al que no la seguía (p = .00). Dietas que según lo hallado corresponden a propuestas individuales o que siguen el criterio del entrenador. Se hace un llamamiento al desarrollo de una intervención psicoeducativa para evitar que en la búsqueda del rendimiento óptimo se desarrollen hábitos alimentarios que puedan desembocar en un TCA.Certain sports are associated with eating disorder risks; however, in children this relation is uncertain. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of high eating disorder risk in school students who practice combat sports in the child category, as well as the existing differences by competitive level and diet proposal. 113 children who practiced karate and taekwondo (33 girls and 80 boys; age: M = 11.62, dt = .48) were evaluated by filling the instrument EAT-26 for the detection of risk behaviors related to eating disorders. Results indicate that 2% of the study participants may show signs of potential eating disorder. They practice taekwondo, they fight at a national level, and they follow a diet. There are no differences in risk behaviors related to eating disorders depending on gender or sport practiced. However, there was a significant trend of a higher proportion of children with eating disorder risks in the group of athletes competing at the national level compared to those who did at the regional level (p = .01), as well as in the group that followed one Diet compared to those who did not (p = .00). Those diets seem to have been generated following personal credos or trainers indications. This points out the need of implementing psychoeducational interventions to avoid that eating habits develop into eating disorders in search for optimum performance

Psychological and Sleep Effects of Tryptophan and Magnesium-Enriched Mediterranean Diet in Women with Fibromyalgia

Anxiety, mood disturbance, eating and sleep disorders, and dissatisfaction with body image are prevalent disorders in women with fibromyalgia. The authors of this study aimed to determine the effects of tryptophan (TRY) and magnesium-enriched (MG) Mediterranean diet on psychological variables (trait anxiety, mood state, eating disorders, self-image perception) and sleep quality in women with fibromyalgia (n = 22; 49 ± 5 years old). In this randomized, controlled trial, the participants were randomly assigned to the experimental group and the placebo group. The intervention group received a Mediterranean diet enriched with high doses of TRY and MG (60 mg of TRY and 60 mg of MG), whereas the control group received the standard Mediterranean diet. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Questionnaire, Body Shape Questionnaire, State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Profile of Mood States (POMS-29) Questionnaire, Eating Attitudes Test-26, and Trait Anxiety Inventory were completed before and 16 weeks after the intervention. Significant differences were observed between groups after the intervention for the mean scores of trait anxiety (p = 0.001), self-image perception (p = 0.029), mood disturbance (p = 0.001), and eating disorders (p = 0.006). This study concludes that tryptophan and magnesium-enriched Mediterranean diet reduced anxiety symptoms, mood disturbance, eating disorders, and dissatisfaction with body image but did not improve sleep quality in women with fibromyalgia

Influence of low fat Mediterranean diet adherence in young elite sailors’ performance

Fundamentos: En las regatas de vela hay muchos factores que pueden afectar al rendimiento del regatista. Entre estos se encuentran la experiencia, el entrenamiento o la dieta. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar si existen asociaciones entre la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea baja en grasas (ADMBG) y la edad, el número de entrenamientos, la experiencia y el tipo de bote en regatistas jóvenes; así como estudiar las diferencias entre una alta o baja adherencia DMBG y alto o bajo IMC sobre las variables indicadas. Métodos: 75 regatistas rellenaron un cuestionario sobre datos socio-demográficos, deportivos, y el cuestionario PREDIMED sobre ADMBG. El peso y la estatura fueron medidos mediante bioimpedancia eléctrica y tallímetro. Resultados: se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p=0.045), para el IMC entre regatistas con alta y baja ADMBG. En cuanto a la comparación entre grupos con diferentes rangos de IMC, se observaron diferencias entre regatistas con más experiencia mostraron un mayor IMC (p=0.004), también obtuvieron mayor IMC los que mejor posición en ocupaban en el ranking (p=0.026). Conclusiones: los regatistas con mayor ADMBG, más experiencia y mayor nivel, mostraron un mayor IMC.Background: In the sailing races (regattas) there are many factors that can affect the performance of the sailor, like his experience, training or diet. The objective of this study was to analyze if there exists associations between adherence to a low fat Mediterranean diet (LFMDA) and conditions such as: the age, number of trainings, experience and type of boat in young sailors. As well as studying the differences between a high or low adhesion to the LFMDA and a high or low BMI on specified variables. Methods: 75 sailors contributed their sporting, socio-demographic data, and filled out the PREDIMED questionnaire on LFMD. Their weight and height were measured using electrical bioimpedance and a professional medical scale. Results: statistically significant differences were found on the BMI (p = 0.045) among sailors with high and low adherence to a LFMDA. As for the comparison between groups with different ranges of BMI, differences between sailors with more experience showed a major BMI (p = 0.004), also the sailors that occupied better positions in the ranking obtained greater BMI (p = 0.026). Conclusions: the sailors adhering better to the LFMDA, with more experience and higher level of performance, showed a greater IMC

Eating Disorders in Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women: A Systematic Review

Background and objectives: Pregnancy is a stage associated with various biopsychosocial changes. These changes, along with concerns about keeping an adequate weight, can modulate an individual’s risk for psychological disorders, especially eating disorders (EDs). The aim of this review was to investigate the prevalence, associated risks, and consequences of eating disorders in pregnancy and in breastfeeding mothers. Materials and Methods: A systematic review was carried out following the PRISMA guidelines in the scientific databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and PsycINFO. Search terms related to EDs, pregnancy, and breastfeeding were used. The evaluation of the methodological quality of the studies was carried out using different scales; CASP (Checklist for Cohort Study), NICE (Methodology Checklist for Cohort Study), ARHQ (Methodology Checklist for Cross-Sectional), and NOS (Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for Cohort). Results: From 2920 studies, 16 were selected to study EDs in pregnant women and 2 studies in nursing mothers. Most of the studies used questionnaires and scales as tools for the diagnosis of EDs. Binge eating, anxiety, and depression were the most common comorbidities of EDs, accompanied in most cases by excessive concern about weight gain. The consequences of EDs are diverse. The prevalence of EDs in this population is estimated to be 1 out of 20. Conclusions: Eating disorders are related to anxiety and depression and have negative consequences for both mothers and fetuses (cesarean, miscarriages, premature births). More research on the field to determine the risk factors for EDs in the population of pregnant and lactating women is needed

Study of Different Personalised Dietary Plans on Eating Behaviour, Body Image and Mood in Young Female Professional Handball Players: A Randomised Controlled Trial

Low energy availability may precede or be caused by cognitive disturbances in professional athletes. Related psychological problems include disordered eating patterns, body shape preoccupation, depression or anxiety. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of different personalised dietary plans on psychological factors in young professional female handball players with low energy availability. This 12-week randomised clinical trial involved 21 female players aged 22 ± 4 years, 172.0 ± 5.4 cm and 68.4 ± 6.7 kg divided into three groups (FD: free diet; MD: Mediterranean diet; HAD: high antioxidant diet). Eating behaviour (Eating Attitude Test, EAT-26: diet, bulimia and oral control subscales), body image (Body Shape Questionnaire, BSQ) and mood state (Profile of Mode State, POMS: tension, vigour, anger, depression, fatigue) were assessed. All participants showed low energy availability (<30 kcal/lean mass per day). The different plans showed no significant differences between them but significant differences over time within groups for the variables: body image, Tension, Vigour and Depression (p < 0.05). Eating behaviour improved slightly but did not show statistically significant changes. Following an adequate nutritional planning for athletes seems to improve the mood and body perception of young female handball players. A longer intervention period is required to assess the differences between diets and improvement of other parameters.The author L.M-A. has received funding from the Ministry of Universities for University Teacher Training (FPU20/02136)

Calorie Restriction Improves Physical Performance and Modulates the Antioxidant and Inflammatory Responses to Acute Exercise

Our aim was to characterize the effects of calorie restriction on the anthropometric characteristics and physical performance of sportsmen and to evaluate the effects of calorie restriction and acute exercise on mitochondria energetics, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Twenty volunteer taekwondo practitioners undertook a calorie restriction of 30–40% on three alternate days a week for one month. Eleven volunteer sportsmen participated as controls. Both groups performed an energy efficiency test to evaluate physical performance, and samples were taken before and after exercise. The total weight of participants significantly decreased (5.9%) after calorie restriction, while the efficiency of work and the contributions of fat to obtain energy were enhanced by calorie restriction. No significant differences induced by acute exercise were observed in individual non-esterified fatty acid percentage or oxidative stress markers. Calorie restriction downregulated the basal gene expression of nitric oxide synthase, antioxidant enzymes, mitochondrial uncoupling proteins, and repairing stress proteins, but it enhanced the expression of sirtuins in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In conclusion, one month of calorie restriction decreases body weight and increases physical performance, enhancing energy efficiency, moderating the antioxidant and inflammatory basal gene expression, and influencing its response to acute exercise.This research was funded by Acción Estratégica en Salud del Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación DPS2008-07033-C03-03, Program of Promotion of Biomedical Research and Health Sciences, Projects 11/01791, Red Predimed-RETIC RD06/0045/1004, CIBEROBN CB12/03/30038, and Balearic Island Government (35/2011 and 23/2012) and FEDER funds. X.C. was funded by a FOLIUM program of Institut d’Investigació Sanitària de les Illes Balears. M.H.L. was founded by APOSTD/2017/023 fellowship from Generalitat Valenciana to APS

Calorie restriction improves physical performance and modulates the antioxidant and inflammatory responses to acute exercise

Our aim was to characterize the effects of calorie restriction on the anthropometric characteristics and physical performance of sportsmen and to evaluate the effects of calorie restriction and acute exercise on mitochondria energetics, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Twenty volunteer taekwondo practitioners undertook a calorie restriction of 30-40% on three alternate days a week for one month. Eleven volunteer sportsmen participated as controls. Both groups performed an energy effciency test to evaluate physical performance, and samples were taken before and after exercise. The total weight of participants significantly decreased (5.9%) after calorie restriction, while the effciency of work and the contributions of fat to obtain energy were enhanced by calorie restriction. No significant differences induced by acute exercise were observed in individual non-esterified fatty acid percentage or oxidative stress markers. Calorie restriction downregulated the basal gene expression of nitric oxide synthase, antioxidant enzymes, mitochondrial uncoupling proteins, and repairing stress proteins, but it enhanced the expression of sirtuins in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In conclusion, one month of calorie restriction decreases body weight and increases physical performance, enhancing energy effciency, moderating the antioxidant and inflammatory basal gene expression, and influencing its response to acute exercise

Análisis de la composición corporal y patrones dietéticos en jugadores de hockey

Objective: This study analyses and compares the body composition of male field hockey players from different national teams. Method: Fifty one hockey players from Spain (n= 18), Netherlands (n=15) and Germany (n=18) were recruited as volunteers to test the differences in body composition between national teams and field positions. The obtained anthropometric values were correlated to food consumption. Results: players had a mean balanced mesomorphic somatotype (2.8-4.0-2.4). Players of the German team had the higher adiposity that correlated with higher oil consumption (p= 0.046). German players had as well more bone mass (p=0.020) that correlated with the daily consumption of non-skimmed yogurts. Conclusion: results suggest that the studied teams did not follow suitable dietetic and nutritional guidelines corresponding to this sport discipline.Objetivo: El estudio trata de analizar y comparar la composición corporal y su relación con patrones dietéticos de los jugadores de hockey hierba masculinos de diferentes selecciones nacionales. Método: Se contó con cincuenta y un jugadores adultos de hockey hierba de España (n = 18), Holanda (n = 15) y Alemania (n = 18) con el fin de comprobar diferencias en la composición corporal, así como para correlacionar valores antropométricos con el consumo de alimentos entre los equipos nacionales y sus demarcaciones. Resultados: Los jugadores poseen un somatotipo medio mesomórfico balanceado (2.8-4.0-2.4). El equipo alemán tuvo una adiposidad más alta que se correlacionó con un mayor consumo de aceites (p = 0.046) así como con mayor masa ósea (p = 0.020), correlacionada con el consumo diario de yogures no desnatados. Conclusión: Finalmente, los resultados sugieren que los equipos estudiados no suelen seguir las estrategias nutricionales adecuadas a su disciplina deportiva

Deporte escolar y trastornos de la conducta alimentaria

Ciertos deportes están asociados a riesgos de presentar una alimentación desordenada, sin embargo, se desconoce el estado de la cuestión en infantes. Es objeto de este estudio conocer la prevalencia de riesgo elevado de padecer trastornos de conducta alimentaria (TCA) en escolares que practican deportes de combate en categoría infantil y las diferencias existentes en función de su nivel competitivo y propuesta de dieta. Fueron evaluados 113 escolares practicantes de karate y taekwondo (33 niñas y 80 niños; edad: M = 11.62, dt = .48), que cumplimentaron el instrumento de detección de conductas de riesgo relacionadas con los TCA EAT-26. Los resultados señalan que el 2% de los participantes de estudio presentan sospecha de un trastorno alimentario, son taekwondistas varones de nivel nacional y que siguen dieta. No aparecen diferencias en las conductas de riesgo relacionadas con TCA en función del género del menor o el deporte practicado. Sin embargo, hubo una tendencia significativa de mayor proporción de menores con riesgo de TCA en el grupo de deportistas que competían a nivel nacional frente a los que lo hacían a nivel regional (p = .01), así también en el grupo que seguía una dieta frente al que no la seguía (p = .00). Dietas que según lo hallado corresponden a propuestas individuales o que siguen el criterio del entrenador. Se hace un llamamiento al desarrollo de una intervención psicoeducativa para evitar que en la búsqueda del rendimiento óptimo se desarrollen hábitos alimentarios que puedan desembocar en un TCA.Actividad Física y DeporteCiencias de la AlimentaciónPsicologí