Divergencia genot?pica y fenot?pica entre poblaciones disjuntas de chiroxiphia lanceolata en Colombia

64 p. Recurso Electr?nicoChiroxiphia lanceolata es una especie de la familia Pipridae que se encuentra distribuida a lo largo de Costa Rica, Panam?, Colombia y Venezuela, desde 0 hasta 1500 msnm, asociada a ecosistemas de bosque seco tropical (bs-T). En Colombia se encuentra en la regi?n del Caribe y el valle bajo del Magdalena, separadas entre s? por una distancia de 500 km aproximadamente en donde predominan ambientes de bosque h?medo, lo que podr?a implicar una barrera clim?tica para estas poblaciones aisladas debido a la falta de idoneidad en esta zona intermedia. Por lo cual con este trabajo decidimos evaluar qu? tan divergentes en t?rminos de su fenotipo y genotipo pueden ser las poblaciones de esta especie en Colombia, implementando el an?lisis de datos morfol?gicos, gen?ticos, y modelamiento de nicho clim?tico. Encontramos que existe divergencia morfol?gica entre las poblaciones principalmente en la longitud del pico, de las alas y los tarsos, adem?s de divergencia en el nicho clim?tico que ocupa cada una de ?stas poblaciones a pesar de habitar en bs-T, aun as? no encontramos diferenciaci?n gen?tica entre los individuos de cada localidad. Esto puede indicar que las poblaciones disjuntas de Chiroxiphia lanceolata est?n bajo un escenario de divergencia reciente en donde la variaci?n clim?tica ha jugado un rol importante promoviendo divergencia entre individuos de las localidades al Norte y Centro del Pa?s. Palabras clave: distribuci?n disjunta, Chiroxiphia lanceolata, divergencia, fenotipo, genotipo.Chiroxiphia lanceolata is a species from Pipridae family, it is distributed throughout of Costa Rica, Panam?, Colombia and Venezuela, since 0 until 1500 MASL, associated with ecosystems of Tropical Dry Forest (bs-T). In Colombia it?s found in the Caribean region and the Magdalena?s low valley, separated from each other by a distance of approximately 500 Km where west forest environments predominate, which could imply a climatic barrier for this isolated populations due to lack of environmental suitability in this intermediate zone. Whereby, with this project we decided to evaluate how divergent are the disjunct population of C. lanceolata en Colombia in terms of its phenotype and genotype, implementing morphological and genetics analysis, and climatic niche modeling. We found that exist morphological divergence between populations mainly in the length of peak, wings and tarsus, in addition to climatic niche divergence despite living in bs-T, even so we didn't find genetic differentiation between individuals in each locality. This may indicate that disjunct populations of C. lanceolata are under a scenario of recent divergence where the climatic variation has played an important role promoving divergence between individuals in the north and center of the country. Keywords: disjunct distribution, Chiroxiphia lanceolata, divergence, phenotype, genotyp

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors Possibly Associated with Emerging Zoonotic Vaccinia Virus in a Farming Community, Colombia

In 2014, vaccinia virus (VACV) infections were identified among farmworkers in Caquetá Department, Colombia; additional cases were identified in Cundinamarca Department in 2015. VACV, an orthopoxvirus (OPXV) used in the smallpox vaccine, has caused sporadic bovine and human outbreaks in countries such as Brazil and India. In response to the emergence of this disease in Colombia, we surveyed and collected blood from 134 farmworkers and household members from 56 farms in Cundinamarca Department. We tested serum samples for OPXV antibodies and correlated risk factors with seropositivity by using multivariate analyses. Fifty-two percent of farmworkers had OPXV antibodies; this percentage decreased to 31% when we excluded persons who would have been eligible for smallpox vaccination. The major risk factors for seropositivity were municipality, age, smallpox vaccination scar, duration of time working on a farm, and animals having vaccinia-like lesions. This investigation provides evidence for possible emergence of VACV as a zoonosis in South America.https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000318507https://scholar.google.com.co/citations?user=cU2KyT4AAAAJ&hl=enhttps://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/gruplac/jsp/visualiza/visualizagr.jsp?nro=00000000008981https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8093-054

La accesibilidad universal al medio físico: Un reto para la arquitectura moderna

The purpose of this article is to understand the challenge that architecture has in this new era to create spaces that are fully accessible and suitable for everyone’s enjoyment. To talk of inclusive cities is to talk of autonomy, security and above all of appropriation of public space; much more, in a world where the incorporation of people with disabilities into the working environment and social life is gradually increasing, which means that adequate urban and architectural spaces are required to guarantee the satisfaction of the needs that come with the various disabilities, benefiting the entire conglomerate and allowing for greater social inclusion; so that people with disabilities can live independently and fully participate in all aspects of life.La siguiente investigación tiene como finalidad conocer el reto que tiene la arquitectura en esta nueva era para crear espacios que sean completamente accesibles y que estén aptos para el disfrute de todos. Hablar de ciudades inclusivas es hablar de autonomía, seguridad y sobre todo de apropiación del espacio público; mucho más, en un mundo en donde paulatinamente se va acrecentando la incorporación de personas con discapacidad al medio laboral y a la vida social, lo que hace que se requieran de espacios urbanos y arquitectónicos adecuados que garanticen la satisfacción de las necesidades que conllevan las diversas discapacidades

Using simple models to describe the kinetics of growth, glucose consumption, and monoclonal antibody formation in naive and infliximab producer CHO cells

Despite their practical and commercial relevance, there are few reports on the kinetics of growth and production of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells—the most frequently used host for the industrial production of therapeutic proteins. We characterize the kinetics of cell growth, substrate consumption, and product formation in naive and monoclonal antibody (mAb) producing recombinant CHO cells. Culture experiments were performed in 125 mL shake flasks on commercial culture medium (CD Opti CHO™ Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) diluted to different glucose concentrations (1.2–4.8 g/L). The time evolution of cell, glucose, lactic acid concentration and monoclonal antibody concentrations was monitored on a daily basis for mAb-producing cultures and their naive counterparts. The time series were differentiated to calculate the corresponding kinetic rates (rx = d[X]/dt; rs = d[S]/dt; rp = d[mAb]/dt). Results showed that these cell lines could be modeled by Monod-like kinetics if a threshold substrate concentration value of [S]t = 0.58 g/L (for recombinant cells) and [S]t = 0.96 g/L (for naïve cells), below which growth is not observed, was considered. A set of values for μmax, and Ks was determined for naive and recombinant cell cultures cultured at 33 and 37 °C. The yield coefficient (Yx/s) was observed to be a function of substrate concentration, with values in the range of 0.27–1.08 × 107 cell/mL and 0.72–2.79 × 106 cells/mL for naive and recombinant cultures, respectively. The kinetics of mAb production can be described by a Luedeking–Piret model (d[mAb]/dt = αd[X]/dt + β[X]) with values of α = 7.65 × 10−7 µg/cell and β = 7.68 × 10−8 µg/cell/h for cultures conducted in batch-agitated flasks and batch and instrumented bioreactors operated in batch and fed-batch mode