5,848 research outputs found
Primary Cilia are Sensory Hubs for Nitric Oxide Signaling
Primary cilia are sensory organelles present on the surface of most polarized cells. Primary cilia have been demonstrated to play many sensory cell roles, including mechanosensory and chemosensory functions. We demonstrated previously that primary cilia of vascular endothelial cells will bend in response to fluid shear stress, which leads to the biochemical production and release of nitric oxide. This process is impaired in endothelial cells that lack primary cilia function or structure. In this chapter, we will provide an overview of ciliogenesis and the differences between primary cilia and multicilia, as well as an overview of our published work on primary cilia and nitric oxide, and a brief perspective on their implications in health and disease
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Controlled generation and use of CO in flow
A tube-in-tube flow reactor allows the generation and immediate use of CO, without the need for CO cylinders.The authors gratefully acknowledge the EPSRC for financial support (grants EP/K009494/1 and EP/K039520/1) and the Danish Council for Strategic Research (grant 11-116196).This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from the Royal Society of Chemistry via http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C6RE00020
Detecting the direction of a signal on high-dimensional spheres: Non-null and Le Cam optimality results
We consider one of the most important problems in directional statistics,
namely the problem of testing the null hypothesis that the spike direction
of a Fisher-von Mises-Langevin distribution on the -dimensional
unit hypersphere is equal to a given direction . After a reduction
through invariance arguments, we derive local asymptotic normality (LAN)
results in a general high-dimensional framework where the dimension goes
to infinity at an arbitrary rate with the sample size , and where the
concentration behaves in a completely free way with , which
offers a spectrum of problems ranging from arbitrarily easy to arbitrarily
challenging ones. We identify various asymptotic regimes, depending on the
convergence/divergence properties of , that yield different
contiguity rates and different limiting experiments. In each regime, we derive
Le Cam optimal tests under specified and we compute, from the Le Cam
third lemma, asymptotic powers of the classical Watson test under contiguous
alternatives. We further establish LAN results with respect to both spike
direction and concentration, which allows us to discuss optimality also under
unspecified . To investigate the non-null behavior of the Watson test
outside the parametric framework above, we derive its local asymptotic powers
through martingale CLTs in the broader, semiparametric, model of rotationally
symmetric distributions. A Monte Carlo study shows that the finite-sample
behaviors of the various tests remarkably agree with our asymptotic results.Comment: 47 pages, 4 figure
Total synthesis and biological evaluation of the tetramic acid based natural product harzianic acid and its stereoisomers
Financial support for this project was provided by Cancer Research UK (Grant No. C21383/A6950)The bioactive natural product harzianic acid was prepared for the first time in just six steps (longest linear sequence) with an overall yield of 22%. The identification of conditions to telescope amide bond formation and a Lacey-Dieckmann reaction into one pot proved important. The three stereoisomers of harzianic acid were also prepared, providing material for comparison of their biological activity. While all of the isomers promoted root growth, improved antifungal activity was unexpectedly associated with isomers in the enantiomeric series opposite that of harzianic acid.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
Enabling Technologies for the Future of Chemical Synthesis.
Technology is evolving at breakneck pace, changing the way we communicate, travel, find out information, and live our lives. Yet chemistry as a science has been slower to adapt to this rapidly shifting world. In this Outlook we use highlights from recent literature reports to describe how progresses in enabling technologies are altering this trend, permitting chemists to incorporate new advances into their work at all levels of the chemistry development cycle. We discuss the benefits and challenges that have arisen, impacts on academic-industry relationships, and future trends in the area of chemical synthesis.We are grateful to the Woolf Fisher Trust (D.E.F), Syngenta Crop Protection AG (C.B.) and EPSRC (S.V.L., grant codes EP/K009494/1, EP/M004120/1 and EP/K039520/1) for financial assistance.This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from the American Chemical Society via https://doi.org/10.1021/acscentsci.6b0001
Low temperature transport on surface conducting diamond
Magneto-transport measurements were performed on surface conducting
hydrogen-terminated diamond (100) hall bars at temperatures between 0.1-5 K in
magnetic fields up to 8T.Comment: 2 pages Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Materials & Devices
(COMMAD), 2012 Conferenc
First Digit Distribution of Hadron Full Width
A phenomenological law, called Benford's law, states that the occurrence of
the first digit, i.e., , of numbers from many real world sources is
not uniformly distributed, but instead favors smaller ones according to a
logarithmic distribution. We investigate, for the first time, the first digit
distribution of the full widths of mesons and baryons in the well defined
science domain of particle physics systematically, and find that they agree
excellently with the Benford distribution. We also discuss several general
properties of Benford's law, i.e., the law is scale-invariant, base-invariant,
and power-invariant. This means that the lifetimes of hadrons follow also
Benford's law.Comment: 8 latex pages, 4 figures, final version in journal publicatio
A general approach for detecting expressed mutations in AML cells using single cell RNA-sequencing
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Insulin adsorption to catheter materials used for intensive insulin therapy in critically ill patients: Polyethylene versus polyurethane - possible cause of variation in glucose control?
Introduction: Restoring and maintaining normoglycemia by intensified insulin therapy in critically ill patients is a matter of ongoing debate since the risk of hypoglycemia may outweigh positive effects on morbidity and mortality. In this context, adsorption of insulin to different catheter materials may contribute to instability of glucose control. We studied the adsorption of insulin to different tubing materials in vitro and the effects on glycemic control in vivo. Materials and Methods: In vitro experiments: A syringe pump was filled with 50 IU insulin diluted to 50 ml saline. A flow of 2 ml/h was perfused through polyethylene (PET) or polyurethane (PUR) tubing. Insulin concentrations were measured at the end of the tube for 24 hours using Bradford's protein assay. In vivo study: In a randomized double-blinded cross-over design, 10 intensive care patients received insulin via PET and PUR tubes for 24 hours each, targeting blood glucose levels of 80-150 mg/dl. We measured blood glucose levels, the insulin dose required to maintain target levels, and serum insulin and C-peptide levels. Results: In vitro experiments: After the start of the insulin infusion, only 20% (median, IQR 20-27) (PET) and 22% (IQR 16-27) (PUR) of the prepared insulin concentration were measured at the end of the 2 meter tubing. Using PET, after one hour infusion the concentration increased to 34% (IQR 29-36) and did not increase significantly during the next 24 hours (39% (IQR 39-40)). Using PUR, higher concentrations were detected than for PET at every measurement from 1 hour (82% (IQR 70-86)) to 24 hours (79% (IQR 64-87)). In vivo study: Glycemic control was effective and not different between groups. Significantly higher volumes of insulin solution had to be infused with PET compared to PUR (median PET 70.0 (IQR 56-82) ml vs. PUR 42 (IQR 31-63) ml; p=0.0015). Serum insulin concentrations did not decrease significantly one hour after changing to PET or PUR tubing. Conclusion: Polyurethane tubing systems allow application of insulin with significantly lower adsorption rates than polyethylene tubing systems. As a consequence, less insulin solution has to be infused to patients for effective blood glucose control. Tubing material of the insulin infusion may be crucial for safe and effective glycemic control in critically ill patients
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