Planetary camera control improves microfiche production

Microfiche is prepared using an automatic control system for a planetary camera. The system provides blank end-of-row exposures and signals card completion so the legend of the next card may by photographed

The effect of wall cooling on a compressible turbulent boundary layer

Experimental results are presented for two turbulent boundary-layer experiments conducted at a free-stream Mach number of 4 with wall cooling. The first experiment examines a constant-temperature cold-wall boundary layer subjected to adverse and favourable pressure gradients. It is shown that the boundary-layer data display good agreement with Coles’ general composite boundary-layer profile using Van Driest's transformation. Further, the pressure-gradient parameter β_K found in previous studies to correlate adiabatic high-speed data with low-speed data also correlates the present cooled-wall high-speed data. The second experiment treats the response of a constant-pressure high-speed boundary layer to a near step change in wall temperature. It is found that the growth rate of the thermal boundary layer within the existing turbulent boundary layer varies considerably depending upon the direction of the wall temperature change. For the case of an initially cooled boundary layer flowing onto a wall near the recovery temperature, it is found that δ_T ~ x whereas the case of an adiabatic boundary layer flowing onto a cooled wall gives δ_T ~ x^½. The apparent origin of the thermal boundary layer also changes considerably, which is accounted for by the variation in sublayer thicknesses and growth rates within the sublayer

An experiment on the adiabatic compressible turbulent boundary layer in adverse and favourable pressure gradients

A wind-tunnel model was developed to study the two-dimensional turbulent boundary layer in adverse and favourable pressure gradients with out the effects of streamwise surface curvature. Experiments were performed at Mach 4 with an adiabatic wall, and mean flow measurements within the boundary layer were obtained. The data, when viewed in the velocity transformation suggested by Van Driest, show good general agreement with the composite boundary-layer profile developed for the low-speed turbulent boundary layer. Moreover, the pressure gradient parameter suggested by Alber & Coats was found to correlate the data with low-speed results

The Economics of Barley Production in the Delta Junction Area of Interior Alaska

The discovery of oil at Prudhoe Bay on the north slope of Alaska and the subsequent initial lease sale for rights to drill for oil on state land marked the beginning of a new era in the economy of the state. Construction of the trans-Alaska pipeline to carry oil 860 miles from the northern coast to the port of Valdez brought jobs to the state and increased personal income for many residents. When oil began to flow, the state began to receive revenues from royalty oil sales. Wealth from oil revenues made it possible for the state to support the development of Alaska's renewable resources. One of the resources considered was land which had been classified as having potential for production of agricultural products . There had been attempts in the past by the Federal and state governments to increase substantially agricultural production in Alaska, but none were completely successful (Stone 1950, Burton 1971, Snodgrass et a!. 1982, Lewis et al. 1987)

Seven-year climatology of dust opacity on Mars

This paper describes the procedure we have used to produce multi-annual dust scenarios for Martian years 24 to 30 from a multi-instrument dataset of total dust opacity observations. This procedure includes gridding the observations on a pre-defined longitude-latitude grid with 1 sol resolution in time, and spatially interpolating the results to obtain complete daily maps of total dust opacity. We used weighted binning as gridding technique, and spatial kriging as method of interpolation. The new dust scenarios are available as NetCDF files, easy to interface to any model including global circulation and mesoscale models for the Martian atmosphere

Association between obesity and bacterial vaginosis as assessed by Nugent score

Background Bacterial vaginosis is one of the most common vaginal conditions in the U.S. Recent studies have suggested obese women have an abnormal microbiota reminiscent of BV; however, few studies have investigated the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis in overweight and obese populations. Moreover, despite the increased prevalence of obesity and bacterial vaginosis in black women, it is not known whether racial disparities exist in the relationship between obesity and bacterial vaginosis. Objective The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between body mass index and bacterial vaginosis as determined by Nugent score and to determine the influence of race in this context. Study Design We performed a cross-sectional study using patient data and vaginal smears from 5,918 participants of the Contraceptive CHOICE Project. Gram stained vaginal smears were scored using the Nugent method and categorized as BV-negative (Nugent score 0-3), BV-intermediate (Nugent score 4-6), or BV-positive (Nugent score 7-10). Body mass index was determined using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines and obese individuals were categorized as Class I, II, or III obese based on NIH and World Health Organization body mass index parameters. Linear regression was used to model mean differences in Nugent scores and Poisson regression with robust error variance was used to model prevalence of bacterial vaginosis. Results In our cohort, 50.7% of participants were black, 41.5% were white, and 5.1% were of Hispanic ethnicity with an average age of 25.3 years old. Overall, 28.1% of participants were bacterial vaginosis-positive. Bacterial vaginosis was prevalent in 21.3% of lean, 30.4% of overweight, and 34.5% of obese women (p<0.001). The distribution of bacterial vaginosis-intermediate individuals was similar across all body mass index categories. Compared to lean women, Nugent scores were highest among overweight and obese Class I women (adjusted mean difference; overweight 0.33 [95% CI 0.14, 0.51] and Class I obese 0.51 [95% CI 0.29, 0.72]). Consistent with this, overweight and obese women had a higher frequency of bacterial vaginosis compared to lean women, even after adjusting for variables including race. Among white women, the prevalence of BV was higher for overweight and Class I and Class II/III obese white women compared to lean white women, a phenomenon not observed among black women, suggesting an effect modification. Conclusion Overweight and obese women have higher Nugent scores and a greater occurrence of bacterial vaginosis compared to lean women. Black women have a greater prevalence of bacterial vaginosis independent of their body mass index compared to white women

Preliminary design-lift/cruise fan research and technology airplane flight control system

This report presents the preliminary design of a stability augmentation system for a NASA V/STOL research and technology airplane. This stability augmentation system is postulated as the simplest system that meets handling qualities levels for research and technology missions flown by NASA test pilots. The airplane studied in this report is a T-39 fitted with tilting lift/cruise fan nacelles and a nose fan. The propulsion system features a shaft interconnecting the three variable pitch fans and three power plants. The mathematical modeling is based on pre-wind tunnel test estimated data. The selected stability augmentation system uses variable gains scheduled with airspeed. Failure analysis of the system illustrates the benign effect of engine failure. Airplane rate sensor failure must be solved with redundancy

Measuring attitude toward theistic faith : assessing the Astley-Francis Scale among Christian, Muslim and secular youth in England

Empirical research within the social scientific study of religion in general and within the psychology of religion in particular remains very conscious of the complex nature of its subject matter. Empirical research in this field needs to take cognisance of the many forms in which religion is expressed (say, Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Islam, Judaism, and Sikhism) and the many facets within the forms (say, beliefs, behaviours and affiliation). Working in the 1970s, Francis (1978a; 1978b) advanced the view that the attitudinal dimension of religion offered a particularly fruitful basis for coordinating empirical enquiry into the correlates, antecedents and consequences of religiosity across the life span

Continued development of doped-germanium photoconductors for astronomical observations at wavelengths from 30 to 120 micrometers

The development of doped-germanium detectors which have optimized performance in the 30- to 120-mu m wavelength range and are capable of achieving the objectives of the infrared astronomical satellite (IRAS) space mission is discussed. Topics covered include the growth and evaluation of Ge:Ga and Ge:Be crystals, procedures for the fabrication and testing of detectors, irradiance calculations, detector responsivity, and resistance measurements through MOSFET. Test data are presented in graphs and charts

Satellite-aided mobile communications limited operational test in the trucking industry

An experiment with NASA's ATS-6 satellite, that demonstrates the practicality of satellite-aided land mobile communications is described. Satellite communications equipment for the experiment was designed so that it would be no more expensive, when mass produced, than conventional two-way mobile radio equipment. It embodied the operational features and convenience of present day mobile radios. Vehicle antennas 75 cm tall and 2 cm in diameter provided good commercial quality signals to and from trucks and jeeps. Operational applicability and usage data were gathered by installing the radio equipment in five long-haul tractor-trailer trucks and two Air Force search and rescue jeeps. Channel occupancy rates are reported. Air Force personnel found the satellite radio system extremely valuable in their search and rescue mission during maneuvers and actual rescue operations. Propagation data is subjectively analyzed and over 4 hours of random data is categorized and graded as to signal quality on a second by second basis. Trends in different topographic regions are reported. An overall communications reliability of 93% was observed despite low satellite elevation angles ranging from 9 to 24 degrees