Modelos poblacionales de dos sexos aplicados a especies poligínicas

En este trabajo revisamos un modelo poblacional de dos sexos enfocándolo en la relación entre demografía y estructura social para una especie poligínica. El modelo fue aplicado a la población de elefantes marinos del sur de Península Valdés, una población que muestra tendencias contrastantes en dos subunidades con distinta estructura social. Este enfoque provee un marco general que permite incluir variables sociales en la dinámica de poblaciones como una extensión del modelo lineal estándar y aporta una herramienta al análisis de la dinámica identificando las influencias relativas de cada sexo.We review a two-sex population model and focus on the link between demography and social structure in a polygynous species. The model was applied to the southern elephant seal population of Península Valdés, one that shows contrasting trends in two demographic subunits with distinct social structure. This approach provides a general framework to include social variables into population dynamics. This perspective extends the scope of standard lineal models and adds a tool that identifies the relative effect of changes in number of one sex on the population.Fil: Ferrari, Mariano Andrés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: Lewis, Mirtha Noemi. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: Campagna, Claudio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagónico; Argentina. Wildlife Conservation Society; Estados Unido

Los elefantes marinos de Península Valdés

Durante la primavera austral, la Península Valdés es el escenario de la masiva visita del elefante marino. Se trata de la temporada reproductiva. El recuento año tras año de este conjunto migrante es un trabajo arduo pero indispensable para conocer la dinámica de la población.Fil: Lewis, Mirtha Noemi. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: Campagna, Claudio. Wildlife Conservation Society; Estados Unido

Distribución potencial de mamíferos marinos durante el verano austral en el Golfo San Jorge, Argentina

El Golfo San Jorge (GSJ) es una región oceanográfica importante debido a la influencia de dos frentes de marea, siendo uno de los sectores más productivos y con alta biodiversidad marina del Mar Argentino. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar cuáles variables oceanográficas explican la presencia de mamíferos marinos y explorar el solapamiento de la riqueza predicha con las áreas frontales del GSJ durante el verano austral. La distribución potencial de las 9 especies (Balaenoptera sp., Cephalorhynchus commersonii, Globicephala melas, Grampus griseus, Lagenorhynchus australis, L. obscurus, Mirounga leonina, Orcinus orca, Otaria flavescens) fue modelada con Maxent utilizando 6 variables ambientales (batimetría, pendiente del fondo marino, distancia a la costa, distancia al frente de marea, temperatura superficial y concentración de clorofila). Los mamíferos marinos se encontraron más cerca de las áreas frontales que al azar (9,48 km y 13,34 km, respectivamente). La profundidad, la distancia a la costa y la pendiente fueron las variables más importantes en la distribución de todas las especies. Balaenoptera sp., G. melas, G. griseus, L. australis y O. orca mostraron una distribución costera (< 10 km), principalmente al noroeste del golfo. M. leonina, O. flavescens y C. commersonii siguieron la isobata de los 80 m, mientras que L. obscurus se distribuyó en todo el golfo. Las áreas de mayor riqueza predicha se solaparon un 75% con las áreas frontales localizadas al noroeste y sudeste del golfo. Este trabajo provee información de base para el diseño de futuros muestreos que pueden explicar la influencia de los procesos y variación estacional de la distribución de los mamíferos marinos del GSJ.The San Jorge Gulf (SJG) is an important oceanographic region due to the influence of two tidal fronts, being one of the most productive sectors and with greater marine biodiversity in the Argentine Sea. The aim of this study was to identify which oceanographic variables best explained the presence of marine mammals and to explore the overlap of the predicted richness with the frontal areas of the SJG during the austral summer. The potential distribution of 9 species (Balaenoptera sp., Cephalorhynchus commersonii, Globicephala melas, Grampus griseus, Lagenorhynchus australis, L. obscurus, Mirounga leonina, Orcinus orca, Otaria flavescens) was modeled with Maxent using 6 environmental variables (bathymetry, seafloor slope, distance to the coast, distance to the frontal area, sea surface temperature and chlorophyll a concentration). Marine mammals were found closer to the frontal area than expected by chance (9.48 km and 13.34 km, respectively). Bathymetry, distance to the coast and seafloor slope were the most important variables in the distribution of all the species. Balaenoptera sp., G. melas, G. griseus, L. australis and O. orca showed a coastal distribution (<10 km), mainly in the northwest of the gulf. The distribution of M. leonina, O. flavescens and C. commersonii followed the isobaths of 80 m, while L. obscurus evenly distributed throughout the gulf. In general, the environmental variables that influence the distribution of these species agreed with those found in previous studies from other locations. The area of high predicted richness was 75% overlapped with the frontal areas located in the northwest and southeast of the gulf. This work provides baseline information for designing future samplings that could explain the influence of the processes and the seasonal variation of the distribution of the marine mammals of the SGJ.Fil: Retana, Maria Valeria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos; ArgentinaFil: Lewis, Mirtha Noemi. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos; Argentin

Estimación del plano anestésico en elefante marinos del sur utilizando técnicas de Machine Learning

Prediction systems are techniques that build and study new forecasts through a branch of the artificial intelligence called Machine Learning. In this work we intend to estimate the time that remains anesthetized an southern elephant seal to which you have applied a combination of drugs (Zoletil®), the fundamental objective of anesthesia is to avoid risky situations to researchers studying this species. To know these times data mining techniques and algorithms used particular classification algorithms were compared J4.8, SMO, Random Tree, NBTree y Naïve Bayes with data mining tool Weka and a data set containing the records of 96 individuals undergoing anesthesia procedure. It is concluded that after tests Random Tree was the classification algorithm that best responded, making this an accuracy of 98.79%.XIII Workshop Bases de datos y Minería de Datos (WBDMD).Red de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI

Estimación del plano anestésico en elefante marinos del sur utilizando técnicas de Machine Learning

Prediction systems are techniques that build and study new forecasts through a branch of the artificial intelligence called Machine Learning. In this work we intend to estimate the time that remains anesthetized an southern elephant seal to which you have applied a combination of drugs (Zoletil®), the fundamental objective of anesthesia is to avoid risky situations to researchers studying this species. To know these times data mining techniques and algorithms used particular classification algorithms were compared J4.8, SMO, Random Tree, NBTree y Naïve Bayes with data mining tool Weka and a data set containing the records of 96 individuals undergoing anesthesia procedure. It is concluded that after tests Random Tree was the classification algorithm that best responded, making this an accuracy of 98.79%.XIII Workshop Bases de datos y Minería de Datos (WBDMD).Red de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI

Observational/hydrographic data of the South Atlantic Ocean published as LOD

This article describes the publication of occurrences of Southern Elephant Seals Mirounga leonina (Linnaeus, 1758) as Linked Open Data in two environments (marine and coastal). The data constitutes hydrographic measurements of instrumented animals and observation data collected during censuses between 1990 and 2017. The data scheme is based on the previously developed ontology BiGe-Onto and the new version of the Semantic Sensor Network ontology (SSN). We introduce the network of ontologies used to organize the data and the transformation process to publish the dataset. In the use case, we develop an application to access and analyze the dataset. The linked open dataset and the related visualization tool turned data into a resource that can be located by the international community and thus increase the commitment to its sustainability. The data, coming from Península Valdés (UNESCO World Heritage), is available for interdisciplinary studies of management and conservation of marine and coastal protected areas which demand reliable and updated data.Fil: Zárate, Marcos Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos; ArgentinaFil: Braun, Germán Alejandro. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Facultad de Informatica. Departamento de Ingeniería de Computadoras.; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: Lewis, Mirtha Noemi. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos; ArgentinaFil: Fillottrani, Pablo. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Ciencias e Ingeniería de la Computación. Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo en Computación Científica; Argentina. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentin

Distribución potencial de mamíferos marinos durante el verano austral en el Golfo San Jorge, Argentina

The San Jorge Gulf (SJG) is an important oceanographic region due to the influence of two tidal fronts, being one of the most productive sectors and with greater marine biodiversity in the Argentine Sea. The aim of this study was to identify which oceanographic variables best explained the presence of marine mammals and to explore the overlap of the predicted richness with the frontal areas of the SJG during the austral summer. The potential distribution of 9 species (Balaenoptera sp., Cephalorhynchus commersonii, Globicephala melas, Grampus griseus, Lagenorhynchus australis, L. obscurus, Mirounga leonina, Orcinus orca, Otaria flavescens) was modeled with Maxent using 6 environmental variables (bathymetry, seafloor slope, distance to the coast, distance to the frontal area, sea surface temperature and chlorophyll a concentration). Marine mammals were found closer to the frontal area than expected by chance (9.48 km and 13.34 km, respectively). Bathymetry, distance to the coast and seafloor slope were the most important variables in the distribution of all the species. Balaenoptera sp., G. melas, G. griseus, L. australis and O. orca showed a coastal distribution (&lt;10 km), mainly in the northwest of the gulf. The distribution of M. leonina, O. flavescens and C. commersonii followed the isobaths of 80 m, while L. obscurus evenly distributed throughout the gulf. In general, the environmental variables that influence the distribution of these species agreed with those found in previous studies from other locations. The area of high predicted richness was 75% overlapped with the frontal areas located in the northwest and southeast of the gulf. This work provides baseline information for designing future samplings that could explain the influence of the processes and the seasonal variation of the distribution of the marine mammals of the SGJ.El Golfo San Jorge (GSJ) es una región oceanográfica importante debido a la influencia de dos frentes de marea, siendo uno de los sectores más productivos y con alta biodiversidad marina del Mar Argentino. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar cuáles variables oceanográficas explican la presencia de mamíferos marinos y explorar el solapamiento de la riqueza predicha con las áreas frontales del GSJ durante el verano austral. La distribución potencial de las 9 especies (Balaenoptera sp., Cephalorhynchus commersonii, Globicephala melas, Grampus griseus, Lagenorhynchus australis, L. obscurus, Mirounga leonina, Orcinus orca, Otaria flavescens) fue modelada con Maxent utilizando 6 variables ambientales (batimetría, pendiente del fondo marino, distancia a la costa, distancia al frente de marea, temperatura superficial y concentración de clorofila). Los mamíferos marinos se encontraron más cerca de las áreas frontales que al azar (9,48 km y 13,34 km, respectivamente). La profundidad, la distancia a la costa y la pendiente fueron las variables más importantes en la distribución de todas las especies. Balaenoptera sp., G. melas, G. griseus, L. australis y O. orca mostraron una distribución costera (&lt; 10 km), principalmente al noroeste del golfo. M. leonina, O. flavescens y C. commersonii siguieron la isobata de los 80 m, mientras que L. obscurus se distribuyó en todo el golfo. Las áreas de mayor riqueza predicha se solaparon un 75% con las áreas frontales localizadas al noroeste y sudeste del golfo. Este trabajo provee información de base para el diseño de futuros muestreos que pueden explicar la influencia de los procesos y variación estacional de la distribución de los mamíferos marinos del GSJ

Light and temperature records of the seawater associated with southern elephant seal dives during foraging trips in South Atlantic and Pacific Oceans

The dataset comprises geolocalised records of dive and surface interval durations, light level and temperature of the seawater during the post-resting and post-moulting tracks of 13 immature southern elephant seals, Mirounga leonina. It describes an unpublished open access version of the original data with records of light level and temperature of the water column using the Darwin Core standard (DwC) through ArOBIS, guaranteeing compliance with the FAIR principles, encompassing a wide time scale (2005, 2006 and 2007) and geographic range in the South Atlantic and Pacific Oceans (South West [-58.75, -81.29], North East [-37.60, -28.65]). Seals were simultaneously equipped with affordable light–temperature loggers (LTLs) and satellite tags. The LTLs recorded light level and temperature of the water column at 30-s intervals during dives and light–time records were applied to estimate dive parameters of diurnal records from 06:00 to 17:00 h, since movements up and down the water column are reflected by changes in light level. For that, the minimum light level reached at the surface of a dive was determined experimentally with diurnal dive simulations at sea using the LTLs devices before deployment. The dataset also includes variation of light and temperature of records between 17:00 to 06:00 h. Data can be used to identify temperature changes associated with seawater masses as drivers of the distribution of other taxa of interest and variation of light level in the seawater (light attenuation) could be linked to concentrations of phytoplankton assemblages as an index of primary productivity.This dataset provides unpublished data of the duration of dives and surface intervals and associated records of light level and temperature variations along the movements throughout the seawater of 13 immature southern elephant seals in the Southern Hemisphere. The location data were generated by satellite tags and the light and temperature data were recorded with light-temperature loggers (LTLs), both devices deployed on individuals simultaneously and uploaded following the Darwin Core standard and compliance with the FAIR principles

Watching southern elephant seals in Peninsula Valdes, Argentina: Importance and satisfaction of the tour guide and tourist perspective

El turismo de naturaleza ha tenido gran crecimiento en las últimas décadas. En Península Valdés, Argentina, Patrimonio Natural de la Humanidad, el turismo constituye una de las principales actividades económicas de la región basada en el avistaje de fauna marina. Entre las especies convocantes se encuentra el elefante marino del sur (Mirounga leonina) que conforma la única colonia continental de la especie. El presente trabajo evaluó los intereses de dos grupos de actores sociales vinculados con la actividad turística (turistas y guías de turismo) y su percepción acerca del avistaje de elefantes marinos como recurso turístico. Se realizaron entrevistas estructuradas a guías y turistas y un taller de trabajo con guías. Ambos grupos coincidieron en que el avistaje de fauna es el principal motivo de la visita, siendo la ballena la especie que más interés genera, y el elefante marino ocupa un lugar secundario. La experiencia de observar a los elefantes marinos en su hábitat fue satisfactoria en los diferentes sitios de observación, siendo la distancia de observación y la cantidad de animales, factores decisivos en el grado de satisfacción.Por su tamaño, dimorfismo sexual y comportamiento, el elefante marino genera sensaciones de asombro e interés en los turistas y es un recurso importante para los guías durante una excursión regular. Sin embargo, no es suficientemente aprovechado como oportunidad para comunicar problemas de conservación de la especie o del ambiente marino. Los resultados son claves para diseñar futuras estrategias de manejo y planificación del turismo en Península Valdés y áreas adyacentes.Nature-based tourism is growingin the last decades. In Peninsula Valdés, Patagonia Argentina, Natural World Heritage area, the tourism is one of the main economic activities of the regionbased on watching marine wildlife. The southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina) colony in Península Valdés is the only continental in the southern hemisphere. The objectives of this study were to evaluate fortwo groups of social actors linked to tourism (tourists and tour guides) the interestand perception of watching elephant seals. We used structured interviews to tour guides and tourists and developed a tour-guide workshop. Both groups agreed that watching wildlife is the main goal for the visit, and the southern right whale is the specie that causes moreinterest, while the elephant seal is secondary. The experience of watching seals in their habitat was satisfactory in all enabledobservation sites, and both observation distance and number of animals were decisive factors in tourist satisfaction. The size, sexual dimorphism and behavior that characterize to elephant seal produces surprise and curiosity to the visitors and arean important resource during the guided tour. However, it is not used by the guide as an opportunity to communicate conservation problems of species and themarine habitat. The results are key tool to design future management and planning strategies of tourism in Península Valdés and adjacent areas.Fil: González, María Belén. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos; ArgentinaFil: Sapoznikow, Alexandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "San Juan Bosco"; ArgentinaFil: Lewis, Mirtha Noemi. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos; Argentin

Habitat associations of post-breeding female southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) from Península Valdés, Argentina

Research on marine mammal habitat-associations often uses satellite remote sensing of sea surface temperature, chlorophyll concentration, and sea surface height to map mesoscale features, which may indicate areas of enhanced productivity and prey availability. However, for species that feed at depths >400 m, the increased productivity associated with mesoscale features observed near the surface may have little or no immediate effect on habitat-associations at depth. As a result, previous studies have found a weak correlation between mesoscale features and the movements of marine mammals. The advantage of biologging is that hydrographic variables are recorded in situ and at foraging depths using animal-borne instruments with sensors for temperature, conductivity (salinity), and dissolved oxygen. The goal of this study was to characterize the habitat-associations of female southern elephant seals (SES) from Península Valdés, Argentina during the post-breeding foraging trip. Although female SES exhibited significant habitat-associations with sea surface height anomaly and chlorophyll concentrations, the presence or absence of eddies was not predictive of foraging behavior, and the majority of foraging dives (74%) and prey encounters (77%) occurred in the absence of eddies. The strongest habitat-association was with deep (>500 m) and cold (3.73 ± 1.29 °C) subantarctic water, primarily during foraging dives from dusk to dawn. Female SES made most of their foraging dives (68%, mean maximum depth of 539 ± 226 m) and had the most prey encounters (67%) in Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW), which is formed near the Subantarctic Front on the northern flank of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. Our results suggest that AAIW is the principal foraging habitat of female SES from Península Valdés, which may not be directly associated with near-surface mesoscale features. Future research on the habitat-associations for SES and other deep-diving marine mammals should focus on indices of foraging success and the hydrographic features of water masses at foraging depths, not mesoscale features observed near the surface.Fil: McGovern, K.A.. Texas A&M University; Estados UnidosFil: Rodriguez, Diego Horacio. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Lewis, Mirtha Noemi. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos; ArgentinaFil: Eder, Elena Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos; ArgentinaFil: Piola, Alberto Ricardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Ministerio de Defensa. Armada Argentina. Servicio de Hidrografía Naval; Argentina. Instituto Franco-Argentino sobre Estudios del Clima y sus Impactos; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos; ArgentinaFil: Davis, R.W.. Texas A&M University; Estados Unido