Electromobility and its development prospects in the context of Industry 4.0 : a comparative study of Poland and the European Union

PURPOSE: The purpose of the article is to present selected results of a survey on the prospects for the development of electromobility in the context of Industry 4.0. A particular emphasis has been put on a precise analysis of consumer demand and social trends influenced by the IT and technological advancement.APPROACH/METHODOLOGY/DESIGN: The survey used CAWI techniques and was implemented in a period of June-December 2020. The sample included 500 respondents from selected EU member states, including Poland, and the survey concentrated on the demand side.FINDINGS: The importance of modern forms of mobility is expected to grow in the future. However, further promotion and development of electromobility in the context of Industry 4.0 remains an open issue. In the article, the authors point to the power generation technology which should prevail according to opinions expressed by representatives of the demand side and support the development of electromobility that will revolutionize individual transport.PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: According to the survey, apart from the growing number of electric vehicles on the market, equally important is the development of charging infrastructure, since it is an indispensable component of electromobility. This is particularly important in the light of EU plans to develop electromobility based on Industry 4.0.ORIGINALITY/VALUE: The study attempts to fill the gap in the literature. The experimental research approach can help to understand links between electromobility and its development prospects in the context of Industry 4.0. At the same time, it is the first attempt to indicate the energy technology which should be used in electric vehicles as a basis for the future mobility in the European Union.peer-reviewe

Experimental Research Study of the Impact of Distribution Channels of Particular Categories of Spare Parts on the Vehicle Repair Time

In today’s market reality, the information about the real time of the vehicle repair time has become an imperative of tremendous importance. In today’s market of repair services, both the service providers and customers care about the most precise determination of this time. Thus, in terms of increasing market availability to other categories of spare parts than those original ones, the process of properly defining the implementation of the repair service is becoming more and more important. The article focuses on the issue of the influence of the distribution channels of particular categories of spare parts on the vehicle repair time. Considerations are based on author’s simulations covering a comparative study of car repair periods depending on the applied category of spare parts. The purpose of the article is to answer the question, whether the applied category of spare parts in the process of the performed repair service affects the implementation of this service

Sources of financing small and medium-sized enterprises : case studies in Poland

Purpose: The article presents selected research results concerning the financing of small and medium-sized enterprises in Poland. The research subject was to gain extensive knowledge of selected sources of financing for SMEs operating in Poland. By learning about the methods of using the funds obtained, as well as identifying the most important features that guide the entrepreneur when choosing the financing sources available on the market. Approach / Methodology / Design: The study used PAPI and CAWI techniques. The survey was conducted at the turn of 2018 and 2019. The research sample included 510 entities. Findings: Entrepreneurs from the SME sector in Poland do not fully use the potential of available financing sources. The authors argue that this state of affairs may be affected by insufficient knowledge about available funding sources. Practical implications: The study showed a need to raise awareness among entrepreneurs about the available financing sources by indicating the role that government institutions should play in this process. Originality/Value: Research attempts to fill a gap in the literature on the subject. These studies can help understand the motives behind selecting specific sources of financing by SMEs operating in Central Europe.peer-reviewe

The challenges for social and economic policy related to the energy transformation : analysis of profitability and minimizing the risk of deciding to invest in a home micro-installation

PURPOSE: The aim of the article is to analyze the profitability and minimize the risk of making a decision in the investment of a home PV micro-installation. Particular emphasis was placed on the determinants of the boundary conditions at which there is an investment and economic justification for potential investors to make business decisions in the implementation of the project of electricity production for their own needs.APPROACH/METHODOLOGY/DESIGN: The research was carried out using the NPV - Net Present Value of Investment and IRR - Internal rate of Return methods. These methods allowed the authors to calculate the market value of investments with the assumed boundary criteria and to determine the economic efficiency of the investment. The research was carried out in April-March 2021-2022 on a test PV installation in a household.FINDINGS: Installing a photovoltaic system in your household brings many benefits. It should be noted that each kWh produced in a PV installation makes the investor independent of the grid distributor, reduces the consumption of energy from conventional sources, minimizes the emission of pollutants into the atmosphere and favors economic development. In addition, investment in such installations allows for obtaining income from the sale of surplus energy produced.PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The presented models have shown that the project for their implementation is fully economically justified and will allow investors to make a rational investment decision. These models can be effectively used in other countries, and can also be a starting point for a discussion on the direction of energy development.ORIGINALITY/VALUE: Obtaining this data allowed the authors to indicate the directions of improvements that may contribute to obtaining a more reliable assessment of the profitability of the tested installations.peer-reviewe

Problemy zasad klasyfikacji odpadów organicznych

Poland’s accession to the European Union required the adjustment of the Polish national law to the strict legislation of the EU. One of the most important areas of environmental protection, significantly changed, was waste management. The basic legal act related to waste management is the Waste Management Act of 14 December 2012 (Journal of Laws 2013, item 21). The regulation of the Minister of Environment of 27 September 2001 on waste catalogue corresponding with the Waste Management Act allows to divide waste into 20 groups according to the source of origin. This paper discusses problems concerning organic waste classification, taking into account two above mentioned legal documents.Wejście Polski do Unii Europejskiej wiązało się z przystosowaniem prawa krajowego do wymogów praw unijnego. Jednym z najważniejszych działów prawa ochrony środowiska, który został znacząco zmieniony, była gospodarka odpadami. Podstawowym aktem prawnym związanym z gospodarką odpadami jest ustawa o odpadach z dnia 14 grudnia 2012 r. (Dz.U. 2013, poz. 21). Rozporządzenie Ministra Środowiska z dnia 27 września 2001 r. w sprawie katalogu odpadów współgrające z wyżej wypisaną ustawą pozwala podzielić odpady na 20 grup wg źródeł powstawania. W artykule omówiono problemy związane z klasyfikacja odpadów organicznych, mając na uwadze przede wszystkim dwa powyżej przytoczone akty prawne

Perception of food quality labels : an empirical analysis among traditional food producers in Poland

PURPOSE: This paper examines traditional food producers' perceptions of food quality labels, indicating the incentives and challenges that food producers may face implementing such schemes. The aim is to identify the main factors affecting traditional food producers' adoption of food quality labels.DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: The sample was composed of 101 traditional food producers in Poland that had completed the quality certification process. The survey was based on computer-assisted telephone interviews with closed questions (5-point Likert scale, ranging from 1-totally disagree to 5-totally agree). The interviewees were asked to express a judgment by declaring their level of agreement with the 19 statements. Descriptive statistics and factor analysis were used for data analysis.FINDINGS: Results show that enterprises adopt quality signs to improve product image, reputation, and consumer confidence. The protection granted to food labels by the law may also exert effects on firms' profitability. Producers take advantage of food quality labels in different ways, according to their size and own business strategies. However, the emphasis often put on the positive effects of the food quality labels is far from its potentiality in many cases.PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The study results will be beneficial to both food producers and public authorities seeking to encourage the application of quality labels in the traditional food sector. The identified benefits and barriers will help producers to adopt successful business models. The public authorities should make the certification process more effective and transparent, and promotion should explain to consumers what the food label guarantees.ORIGINALITY/VALUE: This paper proposes several managerial and policy implications related to improving the business environment for the adoption of food quality schemes in the traditional food sector.This research article was supported by the Scientific Research Project Fund of the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn.peer-reviewe

Ronald Reagan a wyzwania epoki

Z wprowadzenia: "Śmierć Ronalda Reagana w czerwcu 2004 r. zamknęła znaczącą epokę w dziejach Europy i świata. Reagan symbolizował pokolenie polityków, którym przyszło działać w czasach szybkiej dekompozycji dwóch, wydawałoby się niepodważalnych pewników politycznych dominujących po drugiej wojnie światowej w świecie zachodnim. Z polityków tych był tym, który przyczynił się w olbrzymiej mierze do podważenia obu z nich."(...

Two-particle correlations in azimuthal angle and pseudorapidity in inelastic p + p interactions at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron

Results on two-particle ΔηΔϕ correlations in inelastic p + p interactions at 20, 31, 40, 80, and 158 GeV/c are presented. The measurements were performed using the large acceptance NA61/SHINE hadron spectrometer at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron. The data show structures which can be attributed mainly to effects of resonance decays, momentum conservation, and quantum statistics. The results are compared with the Epos and UrQMD models.ISSN:1434-6044ISSN:1434-605

Experimental Research Study of the Impact of Distribution Channels of Particular Categories of Spare Parts on the Vehicle Repair Time

In today’s market reality, the information about the real time of the vehicle repair time has become an imperative of tremendous importance. In today’s market of repair services, both the service providers and customers care about the most precise determination of this time. Thus, in terms of increasing market availability to other categories of spare parts than those original ones, the process of properly defining the implementation of the repair service is becoming more and more important. The article focuses on the issue of the influence of the distribution channels of particular categories of spare parts on the vehicle repair time. Considerations are based on author’s simulations covering a comparative study of car repair periods depending on the applied category of spare parts. The purpose of the article is to answer the question, whether the applied category of spare parts in the process of the performed repair service affects the implementation of this service