Altmanʼs Model as an Instrument for the Evaluation of the Financial Situation of the Alma Market S.A.

Using a set of standard financial statements, you can designate a large number of economic and financial indicators that show the condition of the company. A large number of indicators gives a lot of opportunities to assess the health of the company. However, there is a risk of introduction of information chaos, which instead help in the assessment of the economic and social situation of the firm may make it harder for making analyses. Comes with the help of LDA, which is becoming more and more popular method to synthetic evaluation of the financial health of enterprises on the basis of the available financial statements. It not only allows for the simultaneous and consistent use, at least a couple of economic and financial information, but also takes into account the ability of certain indicators of financial and economic bankruptcy predictor. The essence of this method involves applying a discriminatory function linear, often called discriminatory model. The calculated value to the total health assessment by subject classification of it to one of two groups, businesses operating without any visible signs of problems in the economic sphere or at risk of bankruptcy. The main objective of the article was reached to Alma Market S.A. not threatened bankruptcy in the test for years to come. The article has been following the research hypothesis: An Alma Market S.A. does not run the risk of bankruptcy in all the years of the period considered. This hypothesis is confirmed, because throughout the period, the level of this indicator was higher than Altmanʼs equation, and therefore we can bankruptcy 2,60 except in accordance with the theory of Altman

Fast loans – method of raising liqyudity

This article describes the essence of fast, instant cash loans which can raise liquidity or be the cause of growing indebtedness. The purpose of this article is to show the advantages and disadvantages of fast loans and attempt to compare different loan options available to the client on the Polish market. In this paper an analysis of the costs, repayment terms and specificities loan offers, which showed that fast loans perfect solution for those conscious consequences borrowings

Teorie struktury kapitału

W niniejszym artykule zostanie zaprezentowane kształtowanie struktury kapitału w literaturze światowej. W artykule pokazano istotę, pomiar oraz znaczenie struktury kapitału, a takze zaprezentowane zostały teorie struktury kapitału, a tak e ich rozwój na przestrzeni czasu. Wykorzystano rachunek przepływów pieniężnych w analizach związanych z weryfikacją struktury kapitału

On the upper bound of the maximal absolute projection constant providing the simple proof of Grunbaum conjecture

Let $\lambda_\mathbb{K}(m)$ denote the maximal absolute projection constant over the subspaces of dimension $m$. Apart from the trivial case for $m=1$, the only known value of $\lambda_\mathbb{K}(m)$ is for $m=2$ and $\mathbb{K}=\mathbb{R}.$ In 1960, B.Grunbaum conjectured that $\lambda_\mathbb{R}(2)=\frac{4}{3}$ and in 2010, B. Chalmers and G. Lewicki proved it. In 2019, G. Basso delivered the alternative proof of this conjecture. Both proofs are quite complicated, and there was a strong belief that providing an exact value for $\lambda_\mathbb{K}(m)$ in other cases will be a tough task. In our paper, we present an upper bound of the value $\lambda_\mathbb{K}(m)$, which becomes an exact value for the numerous cases. The crucial will be combining some results from the articles [B. Bukh, C. Cox, Nearly orthogonal vectors and small antipodal spherical codes, Isr. J. Math. 238, 359-388 (2020)] and [G. Basso, Computation of maximal projection constants, J. Funct. Anal. 277/10 (2019), 3560-3585.], for which simplified proofs will be given

A Case Report Discussing The Options for Placement of Glaucoma Drainage Devices in the Presence of Corneal Decompensation

Purpose: The purpose of this case report is to discuss how the various placements of glaucoma drainage implants relate to corneal decompensation. Method: A 58-year Hispanic female presented for evaluation of decreased vision in the left eye for 2 years. This is a case report of a patient who underwent a secondary surgery to replace the anterior tube shunt implantation with a posterior shunt implantation following development of severe corneal decompensation. Results: Glaucoma tube shunt implants inserted into the ciliary sulcus of pseudophakic eyes shield the cornea offering protection against decompensation and avoid the risk of posterior segment complications. Conclusions: Placement of glaucoma drainage implants into the ciliary sulcus in pseudophakic patients with shallow anterior chambers, abnormal irido-corneal anatomy, or those at risk for corneal decompensation is a safe and effective method of not only lowering the intraocular pressure but also protecting the cornea against decompensation. As primary eye care providers, optometrists need to know the various treatment options and adverse effects associated with each procedure

A Case Report Discussing an Uncommon Peripheral Exudative Hemorrhagic Chorioretinopathy

Purpose: The purpose of this case report is to discuss an uncommon, unique hemorrhagic chorioretinopathy. Method: A 79-year-old-white female presented to clinic with complaints of difficulty reading at close distances and seeing faces at far distances in both eyes. An 85-year old white female presented with no visual complaints but stated redness in the nasal corner of her right eye. This is a case report of two patients that presented with geographic atrophy of the macula as well as midperipheral RPE alterations in both eyes, which resembled intraretinal hemorrhages. Results: The ocular findings associated with peripheral exudative hemorrhagic chorioretinopathy may include midperipheral intraretinal hemorrhages, peripheral RPE mottling, subretinal fluid or hemorrhages, subretinal exudation, pigment epithelial detachments, and/or vitreous hemorrhages. Conclusions: Although this condition is rare, primary eye care providers should be aware of this unique clinical entity, its relationship to age-related macular degeneration, and when these patients require a referral to a retinal specialist

„Talent to dobro powierzone...” – etyka chrześcijańska w postawie twórczej i życiowej Witolda Lutosławskiego

„Talent is a form of wealth entrusted to us” – these words may serve as Witold Lutosławski’s motto. He repeated them often and at many occasions, emphasising that each creative artist is obliged to treat his talent carefully and develop it to produce great results for public consumption. This corresponds well with Biblical parable on talents but does it mean that Lutosławski was a religious man? Was Christian ethic important to him? In his music there is no much connection with religion – only his youthful Lacrimosa for soprano, choir and orchestra, and the arrangements of traditional Polish Christmas carols, composed shortly after the Second World War, present his direct relations to religious inspirations. However, he did not like to talk about his beliefs and worldview, especially in the context of his own music, which for him always was abstract and free from any extra-musical features. But his attitude to composing, as well as to the public activity, reveals many connections with Christianity values. He was brought up in the family of strongly catholic and patriotic beliefs, connected with high moral principles. An atmosphere of Lutosławskis’ family, which belonged to the intellectual elites of pre-war Poland, made strong influence on young Witold. For the rest of his life he felt obliged to pay his duties both as a composer and as a man of a high moral standards. He not only concentrated on his creative work (though it was his main life obligation) but searched for public weal in his social activity, always aiming „to behave decently”. This corresponds perfectly with Christian ethic and indeed in one of his interviews Lutosławski openly admitted that not only his worldview was formed by Catholicism, towards which he remained faithful, but also that in his opinion Christian ethic remains pre-eminent among all ethic systems formed by the humanity.„Talent is a form of wealth entrusted to us” – these words may serve as Witold Lutosławski’s motto. He repeated them often and at many occasions, emphasising that each creative artist is obliged to treat his talent carefully and develop it to produce great results for public consumption. This corresponds well with Biblical parable on talents but does it mean that Lutosławski was a religious man? Was Christian ethic important to him? In his music there is no much connection with religion – only his youthful Lacrimosa for soprano, choir and orchestra, and the arrangements of traditional Polish Christmas carols, composed shortly after the Second World War, present his direct relations to religious inspirations. However, he did not like to talk about his beliefs and worldview, especially in the context of his own music, which for him always was abstract and free from any extra-musical features. But his attitude to composing, as well as to the public activity, reveals many connections with Christianity values. He was brought up in the family of strongly catholic and patriotic beliefs, connected with high moral principles. An atmosphere of Lutosławskis’ family, which belonged to the intellectual elites of pre-war Poland, made strong influence on young Witold. For the rest of his life he felt obliged to pay his duties both as a composer and as a man of a high moral standards. He not only concentrated on his creative work (though it was his main life obligation) but searched for public weal in his social activity, always aiming „to behave decently”. This corresponds perfectly with Christian ethic and indeed in one of his interviews Lutosławski openly admitted that not only his worldview was formed by Catholicism, towards which he remained faithful, but also that in his opinion Christian ethic remains pre-eminent among all ethic systems formed by the humanity

Symphony and symphonic thinking in Polish music after 1956

This thesis aims to contribute to the exploration and understanding of the development of the symphony and symphonic thinking in Polish music in the second half of the twentieth century. This was a period when Polish composers, such as Lutoslawski, Grecki and Penderecki, among others, contributed profoundly into the symphonic repertoire, not only in the Polish context but worldwide. To understand the changes and developments of the genre after 1956 in Poland, it is necessary to discuss the evolution of the symphony, as well as its role and functions, both in general and in Polish music. Therefore, Chapter One deals briefly with the history and theory of the genre, from its beginnings in the eighteenth century, through its transformations in the period of Romanticism, marked by the appearance of the concert overture and the symphonic poem until its developments in the twentieth century. Chapter Two examines the symphonic tradition in Poland from its appearance on the Polish musical scene until the middle of the 1950s in the context of trends pointed out in Chapter One. The year 1956, when the first International Festival of Contemporary Music 'Warsaw Autumn' was held, provides a significant caesura, as it was then that Polish music entered its avant-garde period. Chapter Three, which is the most extended, explores the transformation of the symphony and symphonic principles in the years of the musical avant-garde, which was a time of great artistic ferment in Polish music, bringing many interesting reinterpretations of symphonic features. The symphony as a genre was almost entirely neglected, particularly in the first years of musical avant-garde (1956-65), and the elements of symphonic thinking appeared in other orchestral works. Therefore, a considerable amount of space will be devoted to discussing the symphonic music of the period, besides symphonies as such. The avant-garde period is given special attention as the innovations made by Polish composers, both in symphonic form and, even more, in musical language and techniques (particularly sonorism), hugely influenced the later development of symphonic music in Poland. Chapter Four, concluding the thesis, is devoted to the trends which spread over the country from the middle of the 1970s, opening the post-avant-garde era, with its recreation of the large-scale symphony, as well as the symphonic poem, referring back to the late-Romantic traditions on the one hand and aiming to synthesise the experiences of the whole century on the other. The indicated trends and functions of the symphony in this period link back to the categories marked in Chapter One. A short Postscript gives some information on symphonic activity in Poland following the death of Lutoslawski in 1994