Atlantic Exchange: Case Studies of Housing and Community Redevelopment in the United States and the United Kingdom

Examines lessons learned from community redevelopment initiatives in Birmingham, England, and Chicago. Explores physical, managerial, and demographic changes and issues of place identity, community cohesion, and the communities' place in city initiatives

An annular lithium-drifted germanium detector for studying nuclear reaction gamma-rays

Fabrication and development of annular lithium drifted germanium detector for studying nuclear reaction gamma ray

Different steady states for spin currents in noncollinear multilayers

We find there are at least two different steady states for transport across noncollinear magnetic multilayers. In the conventional one there is a discontinuity in the spin current across the interfaces which has been identified as the source of current induced magnetic reversal; in the one advocated herein the spin torque arises from the spin accumulation transverse to the magnetization of a magnetic layer. These two states have quite different attributes which should be discerned by current experiments.Comment: 8 pages, no figure. Accepted for publication in Journal of Physics: Condensed Matte

Measurement of transpiration in Pinus taeda L. and Liquidambar styraciflua L. in an environmental chamber using tritiated water

Transpiration rates of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.) were measured at two different atmospheric water vapor pressure deficits (V.P.D.) in a controlled environment growth chamber using tritiated water as a tracer. The trees were maintained in a sealed plant bed containing a hydroponic nutrient solution into which labeled water (spike) was introduced. Samples of leaves, chamber air, spiked nutrient solution and control water were assayed for ratio-activity using liquid scintillation techniques to determine transpiration rates. The transpiration rate of sweetgum in ml./hr./gm. (4.95) was found to be 5 times greater than that of loblolly pine (1.03) at 1.84 V.P.D. and 8 times greater at 6.74 V.P.D. (15.99 for sweetgum vs. 2.19 for pine). Transpiration (based on measurements of leaf radioactivity) in both species rose with increasing deficit; however sweetgum increased its output by 3 times while pine only doubled its rate. Cyclical changes in transpiration rates were noted in both species; the sweetgum cycle required a 6 hour interval whereas the pine cycle required a 9 hour interval

From Marketing Ideology to Branding Ideology

This special issue of the Journal is concerned with the globalization of marketing ideology. That topic raises the questions of what constitutes a marketing ideology and what might be its status on the global scene. The different approaches adopted in this special issue acknowledge the breadth of the topic and illuminate the intersection of marketing with the basic forces of cultures, politics, religion, conflicts, and a dismal financial debt crisis in the Western nations. To gain perspective, it seems relevant to observe the historical trajectory of marketing ideology and its likely continued path. To this end, we trace marketing ideology from a 19th century premarketing ideology, to its initial focus on production/distribution technology, to its early 20th century focus on customer orientation and branding, to its current focus on network conversations and the significance of modern brand ubiquity. Using these insights, we then discuss two perspectives on future development and raise some potentially relevant questions

Thermodynamics as an alternative foundation for zero-temperature density functional theory and spin density functional theory

Thermodynamics provides a transparent definition of the free energy of density functional theory (DFT), and of its derivatives - the potentials, at finite temperatures T. By taking the T to 0 limit, it is shown here that both DFT and spin-dependent DFT (for ground states) suffer from precisely the same benign ambiguities: (a) charge and spin quantization lead to "up to a constant" indeterminacies in the potential and the magnetic field respectively, and (b) the potential in empty subspaces is undetermined but irrelevant. Surprisingly, these simple facts were inaccessible within the standard formulation, leading to recent discussions of apparent difficulties within spin-DFT.Comment: RevTeX, to appear in Phys. Rev.