Tort Law and Practice

Tort Law and Practice provides a rich context for the study of Tort Law. Teachers and students consistently rate this book highly. This innovative casebook thoroughly develops the core torts principles, and has many unique features, such as: Emphasis on contemporary cases while retaining the classic cases; Use of problems (with model answers for teachers) to facilitate learning and application; Variety of negligence duty issues to select from for classroom focus; Balanced presentation of alternative points of view; Inclusion of substantive and damages issues reflecting the diversity of U.S. society; Summary of contents at the beginning of each chapter to help students keep the concepts in focus; Boxed outline summaries and flow charts to facilitate learning; Ethical issues in personal injury cases discussed in context; and practice materials included to help students understand the process. The Fifth Edition of Tort Law and Practice represents the authors\u27 continued efforts to humanize the subject matter of torts and to include issues reflecting the diversity of our society where relevant. Highlights of the new edition include: Chapter 3: Duty — Tarasoff doctrine: Estates of Morgan v. Fairfield Family Counseling Center Chapter 6: Damages — extensively reworked, and with a new section on Racial, Gender, Cohabitation & Class Fairness in Tort Chapter 8: Intentional Torts — New Cases: The Meaning of Intent (Doe v. Johnson) and Emotional Distress in Discrimination Cases (Graham v. Guilderland Central School District) Chapter 10: Products Liability — New Case on Deviation from Design Specs: Welge v. Planters Lifesavers Co. Chapter 12: Privacy — New Case on Intrusion: Stengart v. Loving Care Agency The comprehensive Teacher\u27s Manual provides insights to the analysis of the cases, suggested teaching techniques, and model answers to the many problems in the casebook.https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/facultyteaching/1021/thumbnail.jp

An Assessment of the Law School Climate for GLBT Students

Nationwide empirical research has assessed the law school climate for gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender (GLBT) students. The research shows that the climate for GBLT students at most law schools in the United States, particularly those in urban areas, has improved. The research also shows, however, that this group still encounters substantial discrimination on law school campuses and in law school class¬rooms. This discrimination may result from overt acts, thoughtlessness, and/or neglect on the part of various actors in law school communities. Whatever the cause, the result is that many GLBT students feel disenfranchised from their broader law school communities. Nowhere is this result more telling than in stories of students who do not feel safe “coming out” on law school campuses and, in particular, in the stories of students who go back into the closet in law school. This article addresses the complex and sometimes sub¬tle discrimination faced by GLBT students, and provides proposals for law schools to address this discrimination

WISP genes are members of the connective tissue growth factor family that are up-regulated in Wnt-1-transformed cells and aberrantly expressed in human colon tumors

Wnt family members are critical to many developmental processes, and components of the Wnt signaling pathway have been linked to tumorigenesis in familial and sporadic colon carcinomas. Here we report the identification of two genes, WISP-1 and WISP-2, that are up-regulated in the mouse mammary epithelial cell line C57MG transformed by Wnt-1, but not by Wnt-4. Together with a third related gene, WISP-3, these proteins define a subfamily of the connective tissue growth factor family. Two distinct systems demonstrated WISP induction to be associated with the expression of Wnt-1. These included (i) C57MG cells infected with a Wnt-1 retroviral vector or expressing Wnt-1 under the control of a tetracyline repressible promoter, and (ii) Wnt-1 transgenic mice. The WISP-1 gene was localized to human chromosome 8q24.1-8q24.3. WISP-1 genomic DNA was amplified in colon cancer cell lines and in human colon tumors and its RNA overexpressed (2- to >30-fold) in 84% of the tumors examined compared with patient-matched normal mucosa. WISP-3 mapped to chromosome 6q22-6q23 and also was overexpressed (4- to >40-fold) in 63% of the colon tumors analyzed. In contrast, WISP-2 mapped to human chromosome 20q12-20q13 and its DNA was amplified, but RNA expression was reduced (2- to >30-fold) in 79% of the tumors. These results suggest that the WISP genes may be downstream of Wnt-1 signaling and that aberrant levels of WISP expression in colon cancer may play a role in colon tumorigenesis

Discovery and saturation analysis of cancer genes across 21 tumour types

Although a few cancer genes are mutated in a high proportion of tumours of a given type (>20%), most are mutated at intermediate frequencies (2–20%). To explore the feasibility of creating a comprehensive catalogue of cancer genes, we analysed somatic point mutations in exome sequences from 4,742 human cancers and their matched normal-tissue samples across 21 cancer types. We found that large-scale genomic analysis can identify nearly all known cancer genes in these tumour types. Our analysis also identified 33 genes that were not previously known to be significantly mutated in cancer, including genes related to proliferation, apoptosis, genome stability, chromatin regulation, immune evasion, RNA processing and protein homeostasis. Down-sampling analysis indicates that larger sample sizes will reveal many more genes mutated at clinically important frequencies. We estimate that near-saturation may be achieved with 600–5,000 samples per tumour type, depending on background mutation frequency. The results may help to guide the next stage of cancer genomics

Spatial and temporal scales of coral reef fish ecological research and management: a systematic map protocol

This is the final version. Available on open access from BMC via the DOI in this recordBackground Coral reefs are rapidly changing in response to local and global stressors. Research to better understand and inform the management of these stressors is burgeoning. However, in situ studies of coral reef ecology are constrained by complex logistics and limited resources. Many reef studies are also hampered by the scale-dependent nature of ecological patterns, and inferences made on causal relationships within coral reef systems are limited by the scales of observation. This is because most socio-ecological studies are conducted at scales relevant to the phenomenon of interest. However, management often occurs across a significantly broader, often geopolitical, range of scales. While there is a critical need for incisive coral reef management actions at relevant spatial and temporal scales, it remains unclear to what extent the scales of empirical study overlap with the scales at which management inferences and recommendations are made. This systematic map protocol will evaluate this potential scale mismatch with the goal of raising awareness about the significance of effectively addressing and reporting the scales at which researchers collect data and make assumptions. Methods We will use the Collaboration for Environmental Evidence (CEE) systematic mapping guidelines to identify relevant studies using a framework-based synthesis to summarise the spatial and temporal scales of coral reef fish ecology research and the scales at which management inferences or recommendations are made. Using tested predefined terms, we will search for relevant published academic and grey literature, including bibliographic databases, web-based search engines, and organisational websites. Inclusion criteria for the evidence map are empirical studies that focus on coral reef fish ecological organisation and processes, those informing management interventions and policy decisions, and management documents that cite coral reef research for management decision-making. Study results will be displayed graphically using data matrices and heat maps. This is the first attempt to systematically assess and compare the scales of socio-ecological research conducted on coral reef systems with their management.NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Progra

Entrepreneurial sons, patriarchy and the Colonels' experiment in Thessaly, rural Greece

Existing studies within the field of institutional entrepreneurship explore how entrepreneurs influence change in economic institutions. This paper turns the attention of scholarly inquiry on the antecedents of deinstitutionalization and more specifically, the influence of entrepreneurship in shaping social institutions such as patriarchy. The paper draws from the findings of ethnographic work in two Greek lowland village communities during the military Dictatorship (1967–1974). Paradoxically this era associated with the spread of mechanization, cheap credit, revaluation of labour and clear means-ends relations, signalled entrepreneurial sons’ individuated dissent and activism who were now able to question the Patriarch’s authority, recognize opportunities and act as unintentional agents of deinstitutionalization. A ‘different’ model of institutional change is presented here, where politics intersects with entrepreneurs, in changing social institutions. This model discusses the external drivers of institutional atrophy and how handling dissensus (and its varieties over historical time) is instrumental in enabling institutional entrepreneurship