Ultra-sonografia abdominal na avaliação de fibrose e hipertensão portal em área de baixa endemicidade de esquistossomose

This study was undertaken in the municipality of Bananal, São Paulo, an endemic area for schistosomiasis with a prevalence under 10% and low parasite load among infected individuals. Our objective was to identify the clinical forms of schistosomiasis among 109 patients in whom the disease had been diagnosed through direct fecal analysis and who had been medicated with oxamniquine at the time of the Plan for the Intensification of Schistosomiasis Control Actions (1998-2000). These patients were submitted to an abdominal ultrasonography and fecal analysis by Kato-Katz method, four years, on average, after the end of the Plan. Five patients, whose abdominal ultrasound images were compatible with either peripheral or central periportal fibrosis and portal hypertension, were identified. None of the 109 patients presented Schistosoma mansoni eggs at fecal analysis. Ultrasonography is a sensitive, noninvasive diagnostic method that allows a better identification of the extent of liver involvement in schistosomiasis cases.Este estudo desenvolveu-se no município de Bananal, São Paulo, uma área endêmica para esquistossomose com prevalência menor que 10% e baixa carga parasitária nos infectados. Teve como objetivo a identificação de formas clínicas da esquistossomose mansoni através do exame ultra-sonográfico, em 109 pacientes diagnosticados parasitologicamente e medicados com oxamniquine, durante a realização do Plano de Intensificação das Ações de Controle da Esquistossomose mansônica (1998-2000). Foram utilizadas a ultra-sonografia abdominal e exames de fezes (Kato-Katz) realizados após o término do plano, quatro anos em média. Nesta casuística, foram identificados cinco pacientes com imagens ultra-sonográficas abdominais compatíveis com fibrose periportal periférica ou central e hipertensão portal, além da negatividade de todos os exames parasitológicos nos 109 pacientes. A ultra-sonografia, um método de diagnóstico sensível e não invasivo, possibilitou a identificação de casos com comprometimento hepático em uma área de baixa endemicidade para esquistossomose mansoni

Associação entre supervisão parental e vitimização e perpetração de bullying em adolescentes brasileiros, Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar 2015

Objective: To analyze the association between parental supervision characteristics and different bullying roles among Brazilian school adolescents. Methods: Cross-sectional study that used data from the National School Health Survey (PeNSE) 2015. Frequent meals with parents/guardians, knowledge about free time, and checking homework were the parental practices assessed. Logistic regression was used for association between 4 these practices and bullying (perpetration and victimization), presented as oddsratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Results: Among 102,072 school adolescents, frequent meals with parents or guardians [ORvitim=0.86 (95%CI 0.84;0.89); ORperp=0.85 (95%CI 0.82;0.88)], checking homework [ORvitim=0.95 (95%CI 0.92;0.97); ORperp=0.76 (95%CI:0.74;0.78)], and parents or guardian’s knowledge of students’ free time [ORperp=0.70 (95%CI 0.68;0.73] were inversely associated with bullying. Conclusion: Greater parental supervision reduced the chance of victimization and perpetration bullying among adolescents.Objetivo: Analizar la asociación entre las características de la supervisión parental y los diferentes roles del bullying entre adolescentes brasileños. Métodos: Estudio transversal con datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud Escolar de Adolescentes (PeNSE) 2015. Las comidas frecuentes con los padres/tutores, el conocimiento sobre el tiempo libre y la verificación de la tarea fueron las prácticas parentales evaluadas. Se utilizo regresión logística para la asociación entre prácticas y bullying (perpetración y victimización), presentada como razón de probabilidades (RP) e intervalos de confianza del 95% (IC95%). Resultados: Entre102.072 estudiantes, comidas frecuentes [RPvitim=0,86 (IC95%0,84;0,89); RPperp=0,85 (IC95% 0,82;0,88)] y verificación de la tarea [RPvitim=0,95 (IC95% 0,92;0,97); ORperp=0,76 (IC95% 0,74;0,78)] y conocimiento de los padres/tutores sobre el tiempo libre [RPperp=0,70 (IC95% 0,68;0,73)] se asociaron inversamente con el acoso. Conclusión: Una mayor supervisión de los padres redujo el acoso en los estudiantes.Objetivo: Analisar associação entre características de supervisão parental e diferentes papéis de bullying entre adolescentes escolares brasileiros. Métodos: Estudo transversal, com dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar 2015. Realização frequente de refeições com os pais ou responsáveis, conhecimento sobre o tempo livre e verificação dos deveres de casa foram as práticas parentais avaliadas. Utilizou-se regressão logística para associação entre essas práticas e bullying (perpetração e vitimização), apresentada como razão de odds (RO) e intervalos de confianças de 95% (IC95%). Resultados: Entre 102.072 escolares, a realização frequente de refeições com os pais ou responsáveis [ROvitim=0,86 (IC95% 0,84;0,89); ROperp=0,85 (IC95% 0,82;0,88)], a verificação dos deveres de casa [ROvitim=0,95 (IC95% 0,92;0,97); ROperp=0,76 (IC95% 0,74;0,78)] e o conhecimento dos pais ou responsáveis sobre o tempo livre dos escolares [ROperp=0,70 (IC95% 0,68;0,73)] foram inversamente associadas ao bullying. Conclusão: Maior supervisão parental reduziu a chance de vitimização e perpetração do bullying entre adolescentes escolares

Educational inequality in consumption of in natura or minimally processed foods and ultra-processed foods: The intersection between sex and race/skin color in Brazil

BackgroundIt remains uncertain how the intersection between educational, gender, and race/skin color inequalities influences food consumption in Brazil. In this study, we examined the educational inequality in the consumption of in natura/minimally processed and ultra-processed foods by Brazilians with an intersectional perspective between sex and race/color.MethodsWe used cross-sectional data from the Telephone Surveillance System (VIGITEL 2019), comprising 52,443 participants ≥ 18 years. Daily food consumption was considered high when consumption of ≥5 foods for each food group was reported the day before the survey. Educational inequality in food consumption was assessed by the slope index of inequality (SII) and the relative index of inequality (RII) according to sex and race/color (White; Black/Brown). Positive SII and RII values > 1.0 indicate higher food consumption among more educated participants.ResultsThe consumptions of in natura/minimally processed and ultra-processed foods were more prevalent in those with the highest level of education (≥12 years) and intermediate education (9–11 years), respectively. However, highly educated White women had higher consumption of in natura/minimally processed foods than Black women with the same education level, and White men in low and intermediate school levels had higher consumption of these foods than Black men with the same education levels. We found higher absolute educational inequality for in natura/minimally processed foods among White women (SII 21.8, 95% CI 15.3, 28.4) and Black/Brown men (SII 19.3, 95% CI 12.5, 26.1). Black/Brown men (SII 7.3, 95% CI 0.5, 14.0) and Black/Brown women (SII 5.6, 95% CI 1.0, 10.2) had higher absolute educational inequality than White men (SII −3.3, 95% CI −10.9, 4.3; P = 0.04) in the consumption of ultra-processed foods.ConclusionEducational inequalities influenced the consumption of in natura/minimally processed more than ultra-processed foods, and, for the latter, inequalities were greater among Black/Brown men and women than among White men