Comparison Of Fusobacterium Nucleatum And Porphyromonas Gingivalis Lipopolysaccharides Clinically Isolated From Root Canal Infection In The Induction Of Pro-inflammatory Cytokines Secretion

The aim of this study was to compare the biological activity of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) purified from Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis strains, both isolated from primary endodontic infection (PEI) in the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α released by macrophage cells. Moreover, LPS was purified from F. nucleatum and P. gingivalis American Type Collection (ATCC) and its biological activity was compared to respectively clinical isolates strains. F. nucleatum and P. gingivalis strains clinically isolated from PEI had their identification confirmed by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. LPS from F. nucleatum and P. gingivalis and their respective ATCC strains were extracted by using Tri-reagent method. Macrophages (Raw 264.7) were stimulated with LPS at 100 ng/mL for 4, 8 and 12 h. Secretion of IL-1 β and TNF-α was also determined. Paired t-test, repeated measures ANOVA and one-way ANOVA were employed. All LPS induced significant production of IL-1β and TNF-α, with the former being secreted at higher levels than the latter in all time-points. F. nucleatum induced a higher expression of both cytokines compared to P. gingivalis (p<0.05). No differences were observed between clinical and ATCC strains, as both presented the same potential to induce pro-inflammatory response. It was concluded that F. nucleatum and P. gingivalis LPS presented different patterns of activation against macrophages as seen by the IL-1β and TNF-α production, which may contribute to the immunopathogenesis of apical periodontitis. Moreover, clinical and ATCC strains grown under the same in vitro environment conditions presented similar biological activity.27220220

Formulation of gastroresistant tablets containing sodium alendronate-loaded blend microparticles

Sodium alendronate is an antiresorptive drug used for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. However, its oral administration is associated with low bioavailability and gastroesophageal irritation. This work aimed at developing tablets containing sodium alendronate-loaded microparticles by direct compression to achieve a safe and effective form. The parameters evaluated were average weight, hardness, thickness and drug content. In vitro release tests were carried out using simulated gastric and intestinal fluids, and the profiles were analyzed through the Korsmeyer-Peppas mono- or biexponential dependent approaches. Tablets presented adequate average weight, thickness, good mechanical properties and drug content close to 100%. Moreover, the formulation released less than 11% of sodium alendronate in gastric fluid, exhibiting a good gastroresistance. At pH 6.8, almost 100% of the drug was released in 12h, showing a prolonged profile. The mathematical modeling indicated that the experimental data was better fitted to the biexponential equation. Furthermore, a good correlation coefficient was obtained for the Korsmeyer-Peppas model and the release exponent suggested that the drug dissolution was driven by anomalous transport. In conclusion, the microparticulated tablets can be considered a promising alternative for oral delivery of sodium alendronate.</p

Tomato salad: an alternative as antioxidant source for topic use

O tomate é a principal fonte de licopeno que é um carotenóide com alta atividade antioxidante, podendo assim ser utilizado topicamente na forma de um fitocosmético no combate ao envelhecimento cutâneo. O objetivo deste estudo foi obter um extrato rico em licopeno através da polpa do tomate tipo salada. O extrato foi analisado utilizando os métodos de espectroscopia no ultravioleta/visível, cromatografia de camada delgada e cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência. A atividade antioxidante do extrato foi avaliada utilizando o método do radical livre DPPH. Foi identificada a presença de licopeno na polpa do tomate salada e o extrato apresentou uma fração apolar rica em carotenóides referente a 96,70% de licopeno. Na avaliação da atividade antioxidante usando o radical DPPH, o extrato apresentou atividade (IC50 de 0,311 mg/mL). Nós concluímos que o tomate salada é uma fonte rica em licopeno e pode ser utilizado futuramente como antioxidante para uso tópicoTomato is the principal source of lycopene, a carotenoid with high antioxidant activity which can be used topically as a phytocosmetic to combat skin aging. The aim of this study was to get a lycopene-rich extract from salad tomato pulp. The extract was analyzed using UV/vis spectroscopy, thin layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. Oxidant activity was analyzed using the free radical DPPH method. The presence of lycopene in the salad tomato was confirmed. It was present in the apolar fraction rich in carotenoids, which was 96.70% lycopene. In the evaluation of the antioxidant activity, using the radical DPPH, the extract showed activity (IC50 = 0,311 mg/mL). We conclude that the salad tomato can be used as a source of antioxidants for topic use.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire