Philosophie(s) de l'insulaire

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Modeling of Flexible Beam Networks and Morphing Structures by Geometrically Exact Discrete Beams

Abstract We demonstrate how a geometrically exact formulation of discrete slender beams can be generalized for the efficient simulation of complex networks of flexible beams by introducing rigid connections through special junction elements. The numerical framework, which is based on discrete differential geometry of framed curves in a time-discrete setting for time- and history-dependent constitutive models, is applicable to elastic and inelastic beams undergoing large rotations with and without natural curvature and actuation. Especially, the latter two aspects make our approach a versatile and efficient alternative to higher-dimensional finite element techniques frequently used, e.g., for the simulation of active, shape-morphing, and reconfigurable structures, as demonstrated by a suite of examples.</jats:p

Philosophie(s) de l'insulaire

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É necessário expiar o renascimento?: A abertura antropológica do século XVI

The article introduces a very thorough analysis regarding the bibliography concerning the French presence in the American continent in the 16th century, in particular, the classic and contemporary interpretations by Jean de Léry, André Thevet, Rabelais and Montaigne. Arising from the invention of the past of the French empire in the last decades of the 19th century, going through the proposed theories by the post-war anthropology, the author analyzes the anachronism, retrospective delusions and arbitrariness implied by many experts in order to perceive the significance attributed to the works previously mentioned and their authors. Following the analysis of various intellectual and political contexts, the article explores the boundaries of the discerning post-colonial European consciousness, thus, proposing an elucidative perspective that points to article dilemmas and enables to acquire a complex scheme of interactions and reciprocal apprehensions between the old and new world societies.O artigo apresenta um balanço acurado da bibliografia referente à presença francesa no continente americano no século XVI, tendo em vista, sobretudo, as interpretações clássicas e contemporâneas de Jean de Léry, André Thevet, Rabelais e Montaigne. Partindo da invenção do passado imperial francês nas últimas décadas do século XIX, passando pelas inflexões teóricas propostas pela antropologia do pós-guerra, o autor critica os anacronismos, as ilusões retrospectivas e as arbitrariedades sugeridas por diferentes especialistas na apreensão dos significados atribuídos às obras e seus autores. Após analisar os diferentes contextos intelectuais e políticos, o artigo explora os limites da consciência crítica europeia pós-colonial, propondo uma perspectiva interpretativa que sugere antigos dilemas e seja capaz de captar o jogo complexo de interações e apropriações recíprocas entre as sociedades do velho e do novo mundo

O Brasil de Montaigne

Este artigo propõe uma nova leitura dos célebres ensaios dedicados por Montaigne à América e a seus povos, inicialmente à luz da forma retórica da declamação, neles adotada. A comparação entre os Ensaios "americanos" permite ainda evidenciar o lugar privilegiado do Brasil, e de seus Canibais, na reflexão de Montaigne acerca do Novo Mundo, e a composição de uma imagem de todos os seus povos como ao mesmo tempo conformada ao modelo edênico dos Tupinambá e elevada à dignidade dos grandes homens da Antiguidade - "tupinambizada" e "romanizada".This article proposes a new perspective on Montaigne's celebrated essays on America and its peoples, initially in the light of the rethorical form of declamation adopted in them. The comparison of the "American" Essays reveals, moreover, the privileged place of Brazil and its Cannibals in Montaigne's reflection on the New World, and the compositon of an image of all of its peoples that is simultaneously conformed to the edenic model of the Tupinambá and elevated to the dignity of Antiquity's great men - "tupinambized" and "romanized"

Roger Zuber (16 mai 1931 - 17 juin 2017)

D’une famille originaire de Haute-Alsace, de Mulhouse l’industrieuse plus précisément, le Professeur Roger Zuber parcourut toutes les étapes d’une brillante carrière universitaire. Normalien, il fut d’abord assistant à la faculté des lettres de Strasbourg, assistant puis maître-assistant au collège littéraire universitaire de Reims, Professeur à l’université Mc Gill à Montréal, Professeur de littérature française à l’Université de Paris X-Nanterre, et enfin à Paris IV-Sorbonne, où s’acheva, d..

Stefan Zweig contre Calvin (1936)

Publié par Zweig en mai 1936, le Castellion contre Calvin présente la figure héroïque de l’intellectuel luttant par sa seule plume contre le despote. Si Zweig a choisi Calvin pour désigner indirectement Hitler, c’est que son combat a rencontré celui du pasteur Jean Schorer conduisant à Genève même la croisade du protestantisme libéral contre l’héritage de l’orthodoxie calviniste. À son insu, Zweig s’inscrit dès lors dans toute une lignée d’écrivains antiprotestants, depuis Montaigne et Voltaire, pour rejoindre, par-delà Balzac qu’il cite longuement, Joseph de Maistre, qui assimilait Révolution et Réforme, Terreur et protestantisme. D’où, pour Zweig, l’énigme que constitue « l’étrange métamorphose » du calvinisme en une école de liberté individuelle et de démocratie, au temps de la montée des dictatures en Europe.Zweig’s Castellion versus Calvin, published in May 1936, depicts the heroic figure of the intellectual fighting by the sheer force of his pen against the despot. If Zweig chose Calvin to stand indirectly for Hitler, it was because his combat had crossed paths with that of the pastor Jean Schorer who, in Geneva itself, was at the head of the liberal protestant crusade against the heritage of Calvinist orthodoxy. Without realising it, Zweig thus added his name to a line of anti-protestant writers, from Montaigne and Voltaire, via Balzac, whom he quotes at length through, to Joseph de Maistre, for whom Revolution and Reformation, Terror and Protestantism, went hand in hand. Hence what Zweig saw as Calvinism’s “strange metamorphosis” into a school of individual freedom and democracy, in the era of the rise of dictatorships across Europe

Introduction à l’histoire des Sames du sud

Les publications récentes en langue française sur les Sames ne manquent pas, qu’il s’agisse de linguistique, d’ethnologie ou d’œuvres littéraires traduites. En revanche, au cours des dix dernières années, l’histoire a été entièrement délaissée : seul Christian Mériot a publié en 2001 une étude ethnologique de la vision qu’ont les Sames de leur histoire. Pourtant, de nombreux chercheurs, norvégiens, suédois et finlandais ont fait considérablement avancer la science depuis quinze ans. On est en droit de dire qu’ils ont révolutionné notre connaissance de l’histoire des Sames. Mais leurs ouvrages sont au mieux difficilement accessibles, au pire parfaitement introuvables en France. Aussi me suis-je décidé à faire un rapide aperçu de l’état de la science. Le but n’est pas d’être exhaustif, mais de mettre en lumière les fils conducteurs qui sous-tendent l’histoire des Sames du Sud. On pourra ainsi apprendre, entre autres choses, que les Sames ne sont pas le peuple autochtone de la péninsule scandinave, qu’ils ne pratiquaient presque pas d’élevage du renne avant le xviie siècle, qu’il est impossible de comprendre leur histoire entre le xvie et le xviiie siècles sans la remettre dans le contexte des conflits de frontière suédo-norvégiens, et que l’histoire récente des Sames du Sud proprement dits est mal connue.Recent publications in French about the Saami aren’t uncommon, be it linguistics, ethnology or translated literature. However, during the last ten years, history has been thoroughly neglected: only Christian Mériot published an ethnologic survey of Saami vision of their history, in 2001. Yet, numerous Norwegian, Swedish or Finnish researchers have lately been greatly improving the science. We can even say that they have revolutionised our knowledge of Saami history. But their works are at best not easily accessible in France. Hence I made my mind up to produce a quick overview of the current state of the art. The goal is not to be compre­hensive, but to point the under­lying guidelines of South Saami history out. We will therefore learn, amidst other things, that the Saami are not the aboriginal people of the Scandinavian Peninsula, that they almost didn’t use reindeer herding before the 17th century, that their history between the 16th and 18th centuries is incomprehensible without putting it in the context of Swedish-Norwegian border conflicts, and that the recent history of the South Saami proper is scarcely known.De senare publiceringarna i franska om samerna saknas inte, antingen språkvetenskap, etnologi eller översatt litteratur. Däremot, under de senaste tio åren, historien har helt övergetts : bara Christian Mérot publicerade 2001 en etnologiske studie om hur samerna ser sin egen historia. Ännu, många norska, svenska eller finska forskare har starkt förbättrat vetenskapen sedan femton år. Det kan rimligtvis sägs att de har revolutionerat vår kunskap av samernas historia. Men deras böckerna är i bästa fall svår tillgängliga, i värsta helt ofinnbara i Frankrike. Så jag bestämde mig för att utgiva en snabb översikt över vetenskaps nuvarande staten. Målet är inte att vara omfattande, utan att föra sydsamernas historias huvudaxlarna i ljuset fram. Det kan således läras sig, bland annat, att samerna är inte ursprungsfolket av den skandinaviska halvön, att de hade närmare ingen tamren före 1600-talet, att det är omöjligt att förstå deras historia mellan 1500- och 1700-talet utan att överväga kontexten av svensk-norska gränsstrider, och att sydsamernas senaste historia är oklart