Ownership Structures

In this paper, we analyse the effects of the massive Russian privatisation programme on the ownership of Russian firms and on the behaviour of formerly state owned enterprises. A large random sample of Russian firms is used to investigate the emerging ownership structures, patterns of control and enterprise behaviour. We find that workers have become the dominant owners in a majority ig Russian private firms; 65% of the total as against 19% being manager owned and 16% of being outsider owned. Higher- ownership appears to confer significantly more influence over decision-making on managers and outsiders, but not on workers. Most importantly however, we find no evidence that privatisation affects any major area of enterprise behaviour or performance.

Technologies for remote lidar sensing of the surface to detect low concentrations of hydrocarbons in Siberia and the far north

The results of research in the field of remote sensing using the technologies of radar and laser detection of hydrocarbons raw materials aimed at the search, localization and topographic location of discovered oil and gas field, the determination of leaks and atmospheric pollution by hydrocarbon gases (e.g. methane) are presented. The main problems with sounding are revealed. To determine the extremely low concentrations of methane in the atmosphere, the main constraining factors were determined and the need to suppress side interference arising on the probing path of the laser beam was shown. To formulate requirements for the sensitivity of equipment and the accuracy of software calculations, the choice of a mathematical model of the path of the laser beam is justified. A modification of the known model is proposed to represent the lidar path based on the differential absorption method taking into account correction coefficients of molecular and aerosol absorption and scattering. Thus, the presented model is a set of methods for providing more accurate and localized data for the implementation of a hardware-software complex. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd

Топология оптических сетей FTTH (Fiber-to-the-Home)

This article describes different architecture of access networks, access protocols; also, we analyzed the characteristics of optical networks FTTH (Fiber to the Home). The optical fiber with today is the main transport medium in the backbone and metro network. Using of fiber optic cable instead of copper cable has allowed to significantly increasing the quality of service. The greatest potential for broadband networks today have a fiber-optic technology under the general term FTTX (Fiber To The X - fiber to the X point), in which from the node connection to a specified location (point X) comes optics, and then to the subscriber - copper cable (and possible option, in which optics routed directly to a subscriber unit). Fiber optic access networks currently based on different architectures and technologies. Standards for these technologies and available of equipment make development of service-provider networks without risks. The success of their work stimulate to the dynamic development of the industry. Nowadays the PON architecture became very popular. The main factors of the most configurations of Ethernet FTTH it is the flexibility of the business model and the ability to support future services.В настоящее время архитектуры на базе PON получили большое распространение. Основными факторами большинства конфигураций Ethernet FTTH является гибкость бизнес-модели и способность поддерживать будущие сервисы. В этой статье описываются различные архитектуры сетей доступа, рассматриваются протоколы доступа, а также анализируются характеристики оптических сетей FTTH (Fiber to the Home). Успешность их деятельности является стимулом к динамичному развитию этой отрасли

Note on the stability criteria for a new type of helical flows

In this paper, we proceed exploring the case of non-stationary helical flows of the Navier-Stokes equations for incompressible fluids with variable (spatially dependent) coefficient of proportionality between velocity and the curl field of flow. Meanwhile, the system of Navier-Stokes equations (including continuity equation) has been successfully explored previously with respect to the existence of analytical way for presentation of non-stationary helical flows of the aforementioned type. The main motivation of the current research is the exploring the stability of previously obtained helical flows. Conditions for the stability criteria of the exact solution for the aforementioned type of flows are obtained, for which non-stationary helical flow with invariant Bernoulli-function is considered. As it has been formulated before, the spatial part of the pressure field of the fluid flow should be determined via Bernoulli-function, if components of the velocity of the flow are already obtained.Comment: 10 pages, 1 figures; Keywords: Navier-Stokes equations, non-stationary helical flow, Bernoulli-function; this note corresponds to the article which was accepted for publication in "Journal of King Saud University - Science" (03 July 2018), DOI 10.1016/j.jksus.2018.07.00

ГЕНДЕРНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ РЕСУРСНОСТІ ПОЛІЦЕЙСЬКИХ

The urgency of the chosen topic, which is related to the need to study the potential of police officers of both sexes, has been outlined. The latest research on the chosen issues of Ukrainian and foreign scholars has been analyzed, and the objective of the article was to present the results of an empirical study of gender characteristics of psychological potential of police officers. According to the results of the study, the authors have revealed a lack of gender differences in the level of psychological potential within studied persons: 68% of future patrol police officers have a high level of potential; 27% has the studied persons with the average level of psychological potential of sample group; and the smallest – about 5% – is the group with low level of psychological potential. The gender features of potential have been revealed: formed with psychological resources in the group of women are “work on themselves” and “love”, in the group of men – “success”. The most developed psychological resources in both groups of the studied persons were “self-realization in the profession”, “self-confidence”, “help to others” and “responsibility”, which can be considered as a factor of changes in both professional development and personal self-development. The relationships between the components of psychological potential and decision-making factors in the groups of studied persons have been established: the ability of women to update their own resources and the desire to creatively work on them increases their tendency to rationality, moderation and procrastination, and the presence of such gender-colored features as sensitivity, empathy and openness to people, predetermine the probability of implementing such decision-making factor as “avoidance”. Actualization of the ability to use own resources of men and the desire for self-realization strengthens their ability to take responsibility and diligence, allows to choose the most appropriate options for behavior and rational decisions, decreasing conformism; in a situation of decision-making they are prone to productive coping “vigilance”. The obtained data allow to study sources of potential of police officers (both men and women), to determine the ways to optimize their psychological potential and provide an opportunity to more effectively organize the psychological support of their professional activities.Актуальність теми пов’язана з потребою вивчення ресурсності працівників поліції обох статей. Представлено результати емпіричного вивчення гендерних особливостей психологічної ресурсності працівників поліції, серед яких виявлено такі: у групі жінок сформованими психологічними ресурсами є «робота над собою» та «любов», у групі чоловіків – «успіх». Установлено взаємозв’язки між компонентами психологічної ресурсності та факторами прийняття рішень у групах досліджуваних: чоловіки схильні до продуктивного копінгу «пильність», жінки частіше орієнтуються на копінг «уникнення»

Ресурсність поліцейських крізь призму гендера

Лещенко О. С. Ресурсність поліцейських крізь призму гендера / О. С. Лещенко // Актуальні напрями практичної психології і психотерапії : матеріали VII Харків. наук.-практ. конф. (м. Харків, 2 берез. 2018 р.) / МВС України, Харк. нац. ун-т внутр. справ, ф-т № 6, Каф. соціології та психології. - Харків, 2018. - С. 59 - 62.В статті виявлено гендерні особливості ресурсності: в групі жінок сформованими психологічними ресурсами є «робота над собою» та «любов». Ресурс «робота над собою» забезпечує жінкам можливість долати психологічні бар’єри до самореалізації. Для жінок в межах діючої гендерної рольової моделі значущими в професійній та приватній сферах є взаємини з людьми, тому важливим виявився ресурс «любов»; в групі чоловіків сформованим психологічним ресурсом виявився «успіх», що характеризує наявність у досліджуваних суб’єктивного почуття самореалізації та свідчить про їх бажання напрацювати досвід на первинних сходинках професійної кар’єри, бути компромісним за необхідності.The article reveals the gender features of resourcefulness: in the group of women, the formed psychological resources are work on oneself and love. The resource “work on oneself” provides women with the opportunity to overcome psychological barriers to self-realization. For women, within the framework of the current gender role model, relationships with people are significant in the professional and private spheres, so the “love” resource turned out to be important; in the group of men, “success” turned out to be an established psychological resource, which characterizes the subjective sense of self-realization in the subjects and testifies to their desire to gain experience at the primary stages of their professional career, to be compromised if necessary.В статье выявлены гендерные особенности ресурсности: в группе женщин сформированными психологическими ресурсами есть работа над собой и любовь. Ресурс «работа над собой» обеспечивает женщинам возможность преодолевать психологические барьеры к самореализации. Для женщин в рамках действующей гендерной ролевой модели значимыми в профессиональной и частной сферах являются отношения с людьми, поэтому важным оказался ресурс «любовь»; в группе мужчин сложившимся психологическим ресурсом оказался «успех», характеризующий наличие у исследуемых субъективного чувства самореализации и свидетельствующий об их желании наработать опыт на первичных ступенях профессиональной карьеры, быть компромиссным при необходимости

Modified Criterion for Economic Efficiency Estimation of Heat Pumps

In this work the cost-effectiveness of coal mine waste water low potential heat utilization and integration in the enterprise local heating network by the bivalent parallel scheme is investigated. It is shown that the additive criterion of economic efficiency is not always sensitive to the target value because of the reason of non-linear coupling between the arguments of the target function. Several cases were considered from the viewpoint of cost-effectiveness criterion. Moreover, the arguments of the target function are also nonlinear, depending on technological parameters of the heat pump (HP) equipment. As a more effective criteria were proposed the modified canonical additive-multiplicative function and Kolmogorov-Gabor polynomial function to obtain the generalized multivariate estimation of alternatives in two stages procedure

Exact Solutions of Navier–Stokes Equations for Quasi-Two-Dimensional Flows with Rayleigh Friction

To solve the problems of geophysical hydrodynamics, it is necessary to integrally take into account the unevenness of the bottom and the free boundary for a large-scale flow of a viscous incompressible fluid. The unevenness of the bottom can be taken into account by setting a new force in the Navier–Stokes equations (the Rayleigh friction force). For solving problems of geophysical hydrodynamics, the velocity field is two-dimensional. In fact, a model representation of a thin (bottom) baroclinic layer is used. Analysis of such flows leads to the redefinition of the system of equations. A compatibility condition is constructed, the fulfillment of which guarantees the existence of a nontrivial solution of the overdetermined system under consideration. A non-trivial exact solution of the overdetermined system is found in the class of Lin–Sidorov–Aristov exact solutions. In this case, the flow velocities are described by linear forms from horizontal (longitudinal) coordinates. Several variants of the pressure representation that do not contradict the form of the equation system are considered. The article presents an algebraic condition for the existence of a non-trivial exact solution with functional arbitrariness for the Lin–Sidorov–Aristov class. The isobaric and gradient flows of a viscous incompressible fluid are considered in detail. © 2023 by the authors

Withdrawal of inhaled corticosteroids in COPD patients: rationale and algorithms

COPD; Treatment algorithm; Guideline adherenceEPOC; Algoritmo de tratamiento; Adherencia a la guía clínicaMPOC; Algoritme de tractament; Adherència a la guia clínicaObservational studies indicate that overutilization of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) is common in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Overprescription and the high risk of serious ICS-related adverse events make withdrawal of this treatment necessary in patients for whom the treatment-related risks outweigh the expected benefits. Elaboration of an optimal, universal, user-friendly algorithm for withdrawal of ICS therapy has been identified as an important clinical need. This article reviews the available evidence on the efficacy, risks, and indications of ICS in COPD, as well as the benefits of ICS treatment withdrawal in patients for whom its use is not recommended by current guidelines. After discussing proposed approaches to ICS withdrawal published by professional associations and individual authors, we present a new algorithm developed by consensus of an international group of experts in the field of COPD. This relatively simple algorithm is based on consideration and integrated assessment of the most relevant factors (markers) influencing decision-making, such a history of exacerbations, peripheral blood eosinophil count, presence of infection, and risk of community-acquired pneumonia

Процедурная седация и/или анальгезия: обзор литературы

АКТУАЛЬНОСТЬ: За последние десятилетия процедурная седация и/или анальгезия (ПС/ПСА) стала широко применяться с целью проведения диагностических исследований и малоинвазивных хирургических вмешательств во внеоперационных условиях. Представленные данные в литературе по ПС/ПСА содержат противоречивую информацию в отношении показаний, противопоказаний, рисков осложнений, базового уровня мониторинга и целевого уровня седации (ЦУС). ЦЕЛЬ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ: Провести анализ существующих практических рекомендаций, рандомизированных клинических исследований (РКИ), обзор данных литературы и систематизировать данные о возможностях использования седативных препаратов и наркотических анальгетиков в рамках процедурной седации. МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ: Проведен поиск в электронных базах PubMed, Medline, Embase, eLibrary рекомендаций по ПС/ПСА, РКИ и статей. РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: В обзоре литературы описаны уровни седации в порядке возрастания сложности и потенциального риска развития осложнений. Представлена сравнительная характеристика препаратов первой и второй линии для седации и обезболивания. Сформулированы минимальные требования к периоперационному мониторингу жизненно важных показателей, уровня седации и боли. ВЫВОДЫ: ПС/ПСА в плановом или неотложном порядке обеспечивает безопасное, комфортное и успешное выполнение диагностических исследований и малоинвазивных хирургических вмешательств. Принципы взаимодействия и введения седативных препаратов с наркотическими анальгетиками лежат в основе применения схем седации. Использование шкал имеет важное практическое значение для мониторинга динамики уровня седации и более тонкого управления дозами седативных препаратов. Абсолютных противопоказаний для ПС/ПСА нет. ПС/ПСА является востребованным направлением в современной практике анестезиолога-реаниматолога. Отсутствие в Российской Федерации регламентирующих документов по ПС/ПСА диктует необходимость разработки методических рекомендаций