Ownership Structures

In this paper, we analyse the effects of the massive Russian privatisation programme on the ownership of Russian firms and on the behaviour of formerly state owned enterprises. A large random sample of Russian firms is used to investigate the emerging ownership structures, patterns of control and enterprise behaviour. We find that workers have become the dominant owners in a majority ig Russian private firms; 65% of the total as against 19% being manager owned and 16% of being outsider owned. Higher- ownership appears to confer significantly more influence over decision-making on managers and outsiders, but not on workers. Most importantly however, we find no evidence that privatisation affects any major area of enterprise behaviour or performance.

Realization of an Optimal Schedule for the Two-machine Flow-Shop with Interval Job Processing Times

Non-preemptive two-machine flow-shop scheduling problem with uncertain processing times of n jobs is studied. In an uncertain version of a scheduling problem, there may not exist a unique schedule that remains optimal for all possible realizations of the job processing times. We find necessary and sufficient conditions (Theorem 1) when there exists a dominant permutation that is optimal for all possible realizations of the job processing times. Our computational studies show the percentage of the problems solvable under these conditions for the cases of randomly generated instances with n ≤ 100 . We also show how to use additional information about the processing times of the completed jobs during optimal realization of a schedule (Theorems 2 – 4). Computational studies for randomly generated instances with n ≤ 50 show the percentage of the two- machine flow-shop scheduling problems solvable under the sufficient conditions given in Theorems 2 – 4

ЗМІСТОВІ І СТРУКТУРНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ УРОКІВ РОЗВИТКУ МОВЛЕННЯ У СЕРЕДНІХ КЛАСАХ ЗАГАЛЬНООСВІТНЬОЇ ШКОЛИ ЗА КОМПЕТЕНТНІСНИМ ПІДХОДОМ (THE CONCEPTUAL AND STRUCTURAL FEATURES OF THE SPEECH DEVELOPMENT LESSONS IN THE SECONDARY SCHOOL (BASED ON THE COMPETENCE APPROACH)

У статті розглянуто змістові і структурні особливості уроків розвитку мовлення у середніх класах загальноосвітньої школи за компетентнісним підходом. Презентовано дидактичну структуру уроків розвитку мовлення та шляхи комплексної реалізації усіх змістових ліній, що сприяє формуванню комунікативної компетенції як мети шкільного курсу української мови за компетентнісним підходом. Основну увагу зосереджено на тих структурних елементах уроку, які сприяють підготовці та створенню власних висловлювань на ситуаційній основі. (The article considers the conceptual and structural features of the lessons of speech development on competency approach. Presented didactic structure lessons speech development, which contributes to the formation of communicative competence as a goal the school course of Ukrainian language for competency approach. Focus on those structural elements of the lesson, which contribute to the preparation and creation of own statements on situating basis.