329 research outputs found
Professional Skills and Competence for Safe and Effective Procedural Sedation in Children: Recommendations Based on a Systematic Review of the Literature
Objectives. To investigate which skills and competence are imperative to assure optimal effectiveness and safety of procedural sedation (PS) in children and to analyze the underlying levels of evidence. Study Design and methods. Systematic review of literature published between 1993 and March 2009. Selected papers were classified according to their methodological quality and summarized in evidence-based conclusions. Next, conclusions were used to formulate recommendations.
Results. Although the safety profiles vary among PS drugs, the possibility of potentially serious adverse events and the predictability of depth and duration of sedation define the imperative skills and competence necessary for a timely recognition and appropriate management. The level of effectiveness is mainly determined by the ability to apply titratable PS, including deep sedation using short-acting anesthetics for invasive procedures and nitrous oxide for minor painful procedures, and the implementation of non-pharmacological techniques.
Conclusions. PS related safety and effectiveness are determined by the circumstances and professional skills rather than by specific pharmacologic characteristics. Evidence based recommendations regarding necessary skills and competence should be used to set up training programs and to define which professionals can and cannot be credentialed for PS in children
Late respiratory failure in Jeune syndrome
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Fatal cerebral edema associated with serine deficiency in CSF
Two young girls without a notable medical history except for asthma presented with an acute toxic encephalopathy with very low serine concentrations both in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) comparable to patients with 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (3-PGDH) deficiency. Clinical symptoms and enzyme measurement (in one patient) excluded 3-PGDH deficiency. Deficiencies in other serine biosynthesis enzymes were highly unlikely on clinical grounds. On basis of the fasting state, ketone bodies and lactate in plasma, urine and CSF, we speculate that reduced serine levels were due to its use as gluconeogenic substrate, conversion to pyruvate by brain serine racemase or decreased L-serine production because of a lack of glucose. These are the first strikingly similar cases of patients with a clear secondary serine deficiency associated with a toxic encephalopathy
High-resolution laser system for the S3-Low Energy Branch
In this paper we present the first high-resolution laser spectroscopy results
obtained at the GISELE laser laboratory of the GANIL-SPIRAL2 facility, in
preparation for the first experiments with the S-Low Energy Branch. Studies
of neutron-deficient radioactive isotopes of erbium and tin represent the first
physics cases to be studied at S. The measured isotope-shift and hyperfine
structure data are presented for stable isotopes of these elements. The erbium
isotopes were studied using the atomic transition (415 nm) and the tin isotopes were studied by
the atomic transition (286.4
nm), and are used as a benchmark of the laser setup. Additionally, the tin
isotopes were studied by the
atomic transition (811.6 nm), for which new isotope-shift data was obtained and
the corresponding field-shift and mass-shift factors are
presented
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