Tell Aswad (Damascène)

Tell Aswad, in the Damascus basin, was settled by a community offarmers and huniers from early VIIIth Millennium (ca. 7800 BC) to mid VIIth Millennium. Lithic industries seem located both on typological and geographical grounds in a transitional position between those from Palestine and Middle Euphrates. Basai Aswad I shows both in its flaking techniques (naviform cores, crested blades) and in its sickles types features in common with Mureybet III, which shall only reach Palestine during PPNB, thus confirming the mainly Syrian origin ofthe latter. Notched arrowheads types (with deep basai notches) and their survival later than on the Euphrates already show evidence however of some westward links. These increase notably in VIIth Millennium Aswad II, with typological types (Jericho and Amuq points) which shall only reach the Euphrates much later or not at all. Vegetable remains from Tell Aswad point to plant cultivation from the beginning of the site on. Triticum dicoccum, Lens culinaris and Pisum sativum are among earliest crop plants. It is not certain wether in the early stages of habitation barley was grown intentionally. Triticum cf. durum, Triticum monococcum and Hordeum nudum did not arrive at Aswad until after 7300 BC. The possibility of the exploitation of surface water for agricultural purposes is discussed. Interpreting Tell Aswad's pollen analysis suggests assumptions regarding soil exploitation patterns, such as rotating crops, threshing and winnowing.Tell Aswad, dans le bassin de Damas, fut habité par un groupe d'agriculteurs chasseurs du début du VIIIe Millénaire (ca. 7800 av. J.-C.) au milieu du VIIe Millénaire. Les industries lithiques paraissent occuper typologiquement autant que géographiquement une place intermédiaire entre celles de Palestine et du Moyen Euphrate. Dès l'origine, Aswad I possède par ses techniques de taille (nucleus naviformes, lames à crête) et par ses types de faucilles des caractères communs avec Mureybet III, qui ne gagneront la Palestine qu'au PPNB, confirmant l'origine pour une grande part syrienne de ce dernier. Les types de flèches à encoches (à ailerons récurrents) et leur persistance plus longue que sur l'Euphrate y témoignent cependant déjà de quelques affinités occidentales. Celles-ci s'accentuent au VIIe Millénaire dans Aswad II, dont la typologie inclut des types (pointes de Jéricho ou d'Amouq) qui n'atteignent l'Euphrate que tardivement ou pas du tout. Les restes végétaux de Tell Aswad attestent l'agriculture dès la fondation du site. Triticum dicoccum, Lens culinaris et Pisum sativum sont parmi les plus anciennes plantes cultivées. La culture de l'orge n'est pas assurée aux premières étapes de l'occupation. Triticum cf. durum, Triticum monococcum et Hordeum nudum ne sont attestés à Aswad qu'à partir de 7300 av. J.-C. La possibilité de l'utilisation des eaux superficielles pour l'agriculture est envisagée. L'interprétation de l'analyse pollinique, pour sa part, suggère des hypothèses sur les modes d'exploitation du sol, tels que rotation des cultures, techniques de battage et de vannage.De Contenson H., Cauvin Marie-Claire, Van Zeist Wilhem, Bakker-Heeres Johanna. A.H., Leroi-Gourhan Arlette. Tell Aswad (Damascène). In: Paléorient, 1979, vol. 5. pp. 153-176

Publications

Vaillant André, Mazon André, Grabar André, Frolow André, Lemerle Paul, Unbegaun Boris O., Leroi-Gourhan A., Portal Roger, Pascal Pierre, Borschak Élie, Vey Marc, Tapié Victor-Lucien, Fichelle Alfred, Grappin Henri, Jobert Ambroise, Moisy Pierre, Tesnière Lucien, Bernard Roger, Boissin Henri. Publications. In: Revue des études slaves, tome 26, fascicule 1-4, 1950. pp. 139-306

Publications

Vaillant André, Mazon André, Grabar André, Frolow André, Lemerle Paul, Unbegaun Boris O., Leroi-Gourhan A., Portal Roger, Pascal Pierre, Borschak Élie, Vey Marc, Tapié Victor-Lucien, Fichelle Alfred, Grappin Henri, Jobert Ambroise, Moisy Pierre, Tesnière Lucien, Bernard Roger, Boissin Henri. Publications. In: Revue des études slaves, tome 26, fascicule 1-4, 1950. pp. 139-306

Intrarectal injections of botulinum toxin versus placebo for the treatment of urge faecal incontinence in adults (FI-Toxin): a double-blind, multicentre, randomised, controlled phase 3 study

International audienceOveractive bladder (OAB) is a common condition that significantly impacts the quality of life (QoL), well-being and daily functioning for both men and women. Among various treatments, peripheral tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) emerges as an effective third-line treatment for OAB symptoms, with options for either a percutaneous approach (P-PTNS) or by transcutaneous delivery (T-PTNS). Recent studies have shown negligible differences between P-PTNS and T-PTNS efficacy in alleviating urinary urgency and frequency and QoL improvement and, overall no difference in efficacy over antimuscarinic regimens. The TENSI+ system offers a cutting-edge transcutaneous approach, allowing patients to self-administer treatment conveniently at home with electrical stimulation delivery through surface electrodes. It stands out for its ease of preparation, tolerability, and high levels of patient satisfaction. Prospective multicentric data highlights TENSI+ to be an effective and safe treatment for lower urinary tract symptoms with high treatment adherence at 3 months. This paper aims to familiarize readers with the TENSI+ system, current studies, device assembly, operation, and treatment recommendations

Is Sacral Nerve Modulation a Good Option for Fecal Incontinence in Men?

International audienceObjective - The objective was to assess the efficacy and the safety of sacral nerve modulation (SNM) in men with fecal incontinence (FI) compared with those of SNM in women. Method - Prospectively collected data from patients from seven tertiary colorectal units who underwent an implant procedure between January 2010 and December 2015 were reviewed retrospectively. Outcomes and surgical revision and definitive explantation rates were compared between men and women. Results - A total of 469 patients (60 men [12.8%]; mean age = 61.4 ± 12.0 years) were included in the study, 352 (78.1%) (31 men [8.8%]) of whom received a permanent implant. The ratio of implanted/tested men was significantly lower than the ratio of implanted/tested women (p = 0.0004). After a mean follow-up of 3.4 ± 1.9 years, the cumulative successful treatment rates tended to be less favorable in men than in women (p = 0.0514): 88.6% (75.6-95.1), 75.9% (60.9-86.4), 63.9% (48.0-77.3), and 43.9% (26.7-62.7) at one, two, three, and five years, respectively, in men; 92.0% (89.1-94.2), 84.2% (80.3-87.4), 76.8% (72.3-80.7), and 63.6% (57.5-69.3) at one, two, three, and five years, respectively, in women. The revision rate for infection and the definitive explantation rate for infection were higher in men than in women (p = 0.0001 and p = 0.0024, respectively). Conclusion - Both short- and long-term success rates of SNM for FI were lower in men than in women. The revision and definitive explantation for long-term infection rates were significantly higher in men