Aztlan warriors and white knights

In recent years, there has been a crisis not only in economic matters but also in sociological and political matters. The crisis has exposed not only many differences between the members of the European market but also among the U.S. states about matters such as immigration or fear of terrorism. During the last decade, the United States have witnessed how population changes and external influences have changed their lifestyle. This has influenced many radicals to express many extremist ideas such as the conquest in the name of Aztlan or the racial fight promoted by the K.K.K. These two groups are promoting a very violent war between two very influential groups. The purpose of this paper is to analyse certain aspects of the modern U.S. such as the open war between “Hispanics” and “White Knights”. It is interesting to see how modern social networks are recruiting new members to fight back the reconquista of Aztlan territories which affects most parts of the U.S. It is important to understand their intentions and motives in order to understand the real dimension of their actions and views. It is shocking to discover that a major fight is occurring between the “Hispanics” who are pushing upwards toward many Caucasians, who are striking back and are sometimes supported by the media and certain politicians. However, even if the war is coming to the surface with anti-immigration policies it is not well-known yet. This paper exposes the current situation between two different cultures that collide again as they did between England and Spain.Durante los últimos años la crisis ha sacado a relucir diversas facetas de nuestra sociedad actual, aspectos diferentes a los económicos, tales como sociológicos y políticos. Por ejemplo la crisis ha dejado al descubierto las diferencias existentes entre los miembros de la comunidad económica europea y también entre los estados de Norte América en temas tan variados como la lucha antiterrorista o aspectos migratorios. Durante la última década, Estados Unidos ha experimentado una corriente migratoria que ha cambiado muchos aspectos de la sociedad. Esto ha contribuido a que muchos grupos radicales hayan aprovechado el momento para iniciar una cruzada, como la recuperación de los territorios de Aztlan por un lado y la limpieza étnica promovida por el Ku Klux Klan. Estos dos grupos antagonistas están iniciando una guerra que difícilmente tenga solución. El propósito de este artículo es hacer una exposición y análisis de la situación que vive Estados Unidos y la guerra abierta entre Latinos y grupos racistas. Es interesante descubrir como las nuevas tecnologías están ayudando a una expansión del fanatismo sin límites, para hacer frente a lo que se considera la invasión de Aztlan, que consiste en la recuperación de sus territorios los cuales cubren gran parte de los Estados Unidos. Es importante conocer toda la dimensión del acontecimiento y de cómo esta cruzada está siendo alimentada por los políticos y la televisión, quienes están recrudeciendo la guerra racial. Sin embargo, incluso si hoy día la situación se está coinvirtiendo en tema candente, la hora de la verdad está por llegar. Este artículo muestra como este problema viene de lejos, de la guerra entre españoles e ingleses

Aztlan warriors and white knights

In recent years, there has been a crisis not only in economic matters but also in sociological and political matters. The crisis has exposed not only many differences between the members of the European market but also among the U.S. states about matters such as immigration or fear of terrorism. During the last decade, the United States have witnessed how population changes and external influences have changed their lifestyle. This has influenced many radicals to express many extremist ideas such as the conquest in the name of Aztlan or the racial fight promoted by the K.K.K. These two groups are promoting a very violent war between two very influential groups. The purpose of this paper is to analyse certain aspects of the modern U.S. such as the open war between “Hispanics” and “White Knights”. It is interesting to see how modern social networks are recruiting new members to fight back the reconquista of Aztlan territories which affects most parts of the U.S. It is important to understand their intentions and motives in order to understand the real dimension of their actions and views. It is shocking to discover that a major fight is occurring between the “Hispanics” who are pushing upwards toward many Caucasians, who are striking back and are sometimes supported by the media and certain politicians. However, even if the war is coming to the surface with anti-immigration policies it is not well-known yet. This paper exposes the current situation between two different cultures that collide again as they did between England and Spain.Durante los últimos años la crisis ha sacado a relucir diversas facetas de nuestra sociedad actual, aspectos diferentes a los económicos, tales como sociológicos y políticos. Por ejemplo la crisis ha dejado al descubierto las diferencias existentes entre los miembros de la comunidad económica europea y también entre los estados de Norte América en temas tan variados como la lucha antiterrorista o aspectos migratorios. Durante la última década, Estados Unidos ha experimentado una corriente migratoria que ha cambiado muchos aspectos de la sociedad. Esto ha contribuido a que muchos grupos radicales hayan aprovechado el momento para iniciar una cruzada, como la recuperación de los territorios de Aztlan por un lado y la limpieza étnica promovida por el Ku Klux Klan. Estos dos grupos antagonistas están iniciando una guerra que difícilmente tenga solución. El propósito de este artículo es hacer una exposición y análisis de la situación que vive Estados Unidos y la guerra abierta entre Latinos y grupos racistas. Es interesante descubrir como las nuevas tecnologías están ayudando a una expansión del fanatismo sin límites, para hacer frente a lo que se considera la invasión de Aztlan, que consiste en la recuperación de sus territorios los cuales cubren gran parte de los Estados Unidos. Es importante conocer toda la dimensión del acontecimiento y de cómo esta cruzada está siendo alimentada por los políticos y la televisión, quienes están recrudeciendo la guerra racial. Sin embargo, incluso si hoy día la situación se está coinvirtiendo en tema candente, la hora de la verdad está por llegar. Este artículo muestra como este problema viene de lejos, de la guerra entre españoles e ingleses

Margaret Fuller: a Proto-Ecofeminist

El objetivo de este estudio es hacer un análisis de los aspectos y características principales de la ecocrítica y del ecofeminismo, muy necesario para poder analizar a Margaret Fuller en profundidad y además ayudar a comprender su primera obra Summer on the Lakes para poder establecer posibles paralelismos entre las filosofías de Fuller y algunas de las corrientes modernas de pensamiento. Esta tesis analiza primero las corrientes de ecocrítica y ecofeminismo para luego concentrarse en la vida y obra de la autora existencialista americana, Margaret Fuller, para poder establecer posibles vínculos entre la filosofía de la autora de Boston con el movimiento ecofeminista de finales del siglo XX

Early intervention in a mouse model of childhood obesity: effects on brown adipose tissue function

Due to the high childhood obesity rates within the United States, it is necessary to develop efficacious strategies to combat childhood obesity. To explore whether early intervention can produce lasting metabolic improvements, we used a mouse model of genetically-induced hypothalamic leptin resistance (LeprNkx2.1knockout, hereby known as KO) that exhibits early-onset hyperphagia and obesity. We found that KO mice exhibit reduced capacity of the brown adipose tissue (as seen by disorganized mitochondrial structure). Brown adipose tissue capacity can be restored by paired-feeding in the peri-weaning period, leading to persistent improvements in later adiposity even after restriction ends. These studies lead us to investigate the maturation process of brown adipose tissue in the peri-weaning period. We found that brown adipose tissue expansion between 2 to 3 weeks of age is accompanied by a reduced thermogenic capacity in control mice, as determined by protein levels of uncoupling protein 1 and disorganization of the mitochondrial cristae. Thermogenic function was restored by 5 weeks of age, as demonstrated by a peak of uncoupling protein 1, in control mice but not KO mice. Paired-feeding of KO mice in the peri-weaning period rescued this peak at 5 weeks of age. These studies elucidate a critical period when brown adipose tissue expansion is followed by activation. The magnitude of brown adipose tissue activation at this time might be predictive of future obesity and metabolic rate, highlighting a potential therapeutic time window in which to intervene in pediatric obesity

Analysis of Postdoctoral Training Outcomes That Broaden Participation in Science Careers

Postdoctoral training is an optimal time to expand research skills, develop independence, and shape career trajectories, making this training period important to study in the context of career development. Seeding Postdoctoral Innovators in Research and Education (SPIRE) is a training program that balances research, teaching, and professional development. This study examines the factors that promote the transition of postdocs into academic careers and increase diversity in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. Data indicate that SPIRE scholars (n = 77) transition into faculty positions at three times the national average with a greater proportion of underrepresented racial minorities (URMs) and females represented among SPIRE scholars. Logistic regression models indicate that significant predictors are the intended career track at the start of the postdoctoral training and the number of publications. Factors necessary for successful transition are teaching experience as independent instructors, professional development opportunities, and the experience of balancing teaching with research. Scholars’ continued commitment to increasing diversity in their faculty roles was demonstrated by their attainment of tenure-track positions at minority-serving institutions, continued mentorship of URMs, and engagement with diversity initiatives. These results suggest that a postdoctoral program structured to include research, teaching, and diversity inclusion facilitates attainment of desired academic positions with sustained impacts on broadening participation

A regulatory network of two galectins mediates the earliest steps of avian limb skeletal morphogenesis

Background: The skeletal elements of vertebrate embryonic limbs are prefigured by rod- and spot-like condensations of precartilage mesenchymal cells. The formation of these condensations depends on cell-matrix and cell-cell interactions, but how they are initiated and patterned is as yet unresolved. Results: Here we provide evidence that galectins, beta-galactoside-binding lectins with beta-sandwich folding, play fundamental roles in these processes. We show that among the five chicken galectin (CG) genes, two, CG-1A, and CG-8, are markedly elevated in expression at prospective sites of condensation in vitro and in vivo, with their protein products appearing earlier in development than any previously described marker. The two molecules enhance one another's gene expression but have opposite effects on condensation formation and cartilage development in vivo and in vitro: CG-1A, a non-covalent homodimer, promotes this process, while the tandem-repeat type CG-8 antagonizes it. Correspondingly, knockdown of CG-1A inhibits the formation of skeletal elements while knockdown of CG-8 enhances it. The apparent paradox of mutual activation at the gene expression level coupled with antagonistic roles in skeletogenesis is resolved by analysis of the direct effect of the proteins on precartilage cells. Specifically, CG-1A causes their aggregation, whereas CG-8, which has no adhesive function of its own, blocks this effect. The developmental appearance and regulation of the unknown cell surface moieties ("ligands") to which CG-1A and CG-8 bind were indicative of specific cognate- and cross-regulatory interactions. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that CG-1A and CG-8 constitute a multiscale network that is a major mediator, earlier-acting than any previously described, of the formation and patterning of precartilage mesenchymal condensations in the developing limb. This network functions autonomously of limb bud signaling centers or other limb bud positional cues

G6b-B Inhibits Constitutive and Agonist-induced Signaling by Glycoprotein VI and CLEC-2

Platelets play an essential role in wound healing by forming thrombi that plug holes in the walls of damaged blood vessels. To achieve this, platelets express a diverse array of cell surface receptors and signaling proteins that induce rapid platelet activation. In this study we show that two platelet glycoprotein receptors that signal via an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) or an ITAM-like domain, namely the collagen receptor complex glycoprotein VI (GPVI)-FcR γ-chain and the C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC-2), respectively, support constitutive (i.e. agonist-independent) signaling in a cell line model using a nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) transcriptional reporter assay that can detect low level activation of phospholipase Cγ (PLCγ). Constitutive and agonist signaling by both receptors is dependent on Src and Syk family kinases, and is inhibited by G6b-B, a platelet immunoglobulin receptor that has two immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs in its cytosolic tail. Mutation of the conserved tyrosines in the two immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs prevents the inhibitory action of G6b-B. Interestingly, the inhibitory activity of G6b-B is independent of the Src homology 2 (SH2)-domain containing tyrosine phosphatases, SHP1 and SHP2, and the inositol 5′-phosphatase, SHIP. Constitutive signaling via Src and Syk tyrosine kinases is observed in platelets and is associated with tyrosine phosphorylation of GPVI-FcR γ-chain and CLEC-2. We speculate that inhibition of constitutive signaling through Src and Syk tyrosine kinases by G6b-B may help to prevent unwanted platelet activation

Identification of 5,6-trans-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid in the phospholipids of red blood cells.

A novel eicosanoid, 5,6-trans-epoxy-8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatrienoic acid (5,6-trans-EET), was identified in rat red blood cells. Characterization of 5,6-trans-EET in the sn-2 position of the phospholipids was accomplished by hydrolysis with phospholipase A(2) followed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry as well as electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry analyses. The electron ionization spectrum of 5,6-erythro-dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (5,6-erythro-DHET), converted from 5,6-trans-EET in the samples, matches that of the authentic standard. Hydrogenation of the extracted 5,6-erythro-DHET with platinum(IV) oxide/hydrogen resulted in an increase of the molecular mass by 6 daltons and the same retention time shift as an authentic standard in gas chromatography, suggesting the existence of three olefins as well as the 5,6-erythro-dihydroxyl structure in the metabolite. Match of retention times by chromatography indicated identity of the stereochemistry of the red blood cell 5,6-erythro-DHET vis à vis the synthetic standard. High pressure liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of the phospholipase A(2)-hydrolyzed lipid extracts from red blood cells revealed match of the mass spectrum and retention time of the compound with the authentic 5,6-trans-EET standard, providing direct evidence of the existence of 5,6-trans-EET in red blood cells. The presence of other trans-EETs was also demonstrated. The ability of both 5,6-trans-EET and its product 5,6-erythro-DHET to relax preconstricted renal interlobar arteries was significantly greater than that of 5,6-cis-EET. In contrast, 5,6-cis-EET and 5,6-trans-EET were equipotent in their capacity to inhibit collagen-induced rat platelet aggregation, whereas 5,6-erythro-DHET was without effect. We propose that the red blood cells serve as a reservoir for epoxides which on release may act in a vasoregulatory capacity

Profile of risks for genital infections in university students

Las infecciones genitales causadas por Chlamydia trachomatis se transmiten por contacto sexual. Son infecciones asintomáticas en la mayoría de los casos, y su portación crónica que puede ocasionar la aparición de complicaciones de variada gravedad. Los datos de prevalencia de esta infección en nuestro país, son escasos y dispersos. El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido profundizar el conocimiento de la epidemiología de la infección por C. trachomatis en jóvenes, y generar información respecto de su perfil de riesgo para la adquisición de infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS) en general. Para ello, participaron del estudio 204 jóvenes universitarios de edad promedio 23 años, que remitieron una muestra de orina de primera micción y llenaron una encuesta que entregaron en forma anónima. Analizando las muestras remitidas mediante dos técnicas distintas de amplificación génica, no se obtuvo detección de marcadores moleculares de C. trachomatis en ninguna de las orinas procesadas. Los resultados de las encuestas mostraron en la población en estudio, una muy baja tasa de cambio de pareja en el último año, así como una edad promedio de inicio de relaciones sexuales (17,6 años) relativamente alta. Sin embargo, se documentó un deficiente uso del preservativo, y la referecia concomitante a ITS anteriores. La ausencia de detección de C. trachomatis refleja su baja circulación en la población estudiada. Ésto, junto a lo reflejado en algunos aspectos de las encuestas, indicaría una población con bajo riesgo para adquisición de ITS. Pero otros de los datos recabados presentarían evidencia contraria, alertando sobre la necesidad de mantener la vigilancia.The genital infections caused by Chlamydia trachomatis are sexually transmitted infections (STI). These C. trachomatis infections are mostly asymptomatic, so they can lead to complications of diverse graveness. The prevalence data generated in our country in regard to this infection is limited and scattered. The aim of this study was to go deep into the knowledge of the epidemiology of the C. trachomatis genital infection among young people, and to arise some information about their risk profiles to acquire STI. 204 young college students with average age of 23 were involved in this study. Each participant delivered a sample of fist void urine and filled in a questionnaire wich was then submitted anonymously. Analyzing every specimen by two different techniques of DNA amplification, no molecular marker of the presence of C. trachomatis were detected among the processed urines. The results of the questionnaires showed that the studied population had a very low rate of changing partners over the last year, as well as relatively high age (17,6 years old) for the first sexual intercourse. However, a deficient use of condom was observed, and there were references regarding history of STI. The absence of C. trachomatis detection reflects its low circulation among the studied population. This fact, along with some aspects showed by the results of the questionnaires, would characterize a population with a low risk profile to acquire STIs. But, some other information arised from that questionnaires would give some opposite evidence, wich would alert us on the need of keeping the watch on these populations.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria