95 research outputs found
Visual Distraction: An Altered Aiming Spatial Response in Dementia
Background/Aims: Healthy individuals demonstrate leftward bias on visuospatial tasks such as line bisection, which has been attributed to right brain dominance. We investigated whether this asymmetry occurred in patients with probable dementia of the Alzheimer type (pAD) which is associated with neurodegenerative changes affecting temporoparietal regions. Methods: Subjects with pAD and matched controls performed a line bisection task in near and far space under conditions of no distraction, left-sided visual distraction and right-sided visual distraction. Results: Participants with pAD manifested different motor-preparatory ‘aiming’ spatial bias than matched controls. There were significantly greater rightward ‘aiming’ motor-intentional errors both without distraction and with right-sided distraction. Conclusion: ‘Aiming’ motor-preparatory brain activity may be induced by distraction in pAD subjects as compared to typical visual-motor function in controls
Race/Ethnicity and Retention in Traumatic Brain Injury Outcomes Research: A Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems National Database Study
Objective: To investigate the contribution of race/ethnicity to retention in traumatic brain injury (TBI) research at 1 to 2 years post-injury. Setting: Community. Participants: 5548 Whites, 1347 Blacks, and 790 Hispanics enrolled in the Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems National Database with dates of injury between October 1, 2002 and March 31, 2013. Design:
Retrospective database analysis. Main Measure: Retention, defined as completion of at least one question on the follow-up interview by the person with TBI or a proxy. Results: Retention rates 1-2 years post-TBI were significantly lower for Hispanic (85.2%) than for White (91.8%) or Black participants (90.5%) and depended significantly on history of problem drug or alcohol use. Other variables associated with low retention included older age, lower education, violent cause of injury, and discharge to an institution versus private residence. Conclusions: The findings emphasize the importance of investigating retention rates separately for Blacks and Hispanics rather than combining them or grouping either with other races or ethnicities. The results also suggest the need for implementing procedures to increase retention of Hispanics in longitudinal TBI researc
Factors associated with remission of post-traumatic brain injury fatigue in the years following traumatic brain injury (TBI): a TBI model systems module study
Post-traumatic brain injury fatigue (PTBIF) is a major problem in the years after traumatic brain injury (TBI), yet little is known about its persistence and resolution. The objective of the study was to identify factors related to PTBIF remission and resolution. TBI Model System registrants at five centres participated in interviews at either one and two years post-injury (Y1-2 Cohort), or two and five years post-injury (Y2-5 Cohort). Characteristics of participants with PTBIF remission were compared to those with PTBIF persistence. Variables studied included the presence of and changes in disability, sleep dysfunction, mood, and community participation. The Functional Independence Measure did not differ significantly between groups or over time. In the Y1-2 Cohort the Fatigue Resolved group scored significantly better on the Disability Rating Scale and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. In the Y2-5 Cohort the Fatigue Resolved group scored significantly higher on a measure of community participation. It was concluded that fewer than half of the sample in each cohort experienced a remission of PTBIF between time points. Persistence of PTBIF 1–2 years post-injury is associated with disability, sleep disturbance, and depression while persistence of fatigue beyond 2 years post-injury appears to be related to participation level, underscoring the potential impact of effective surveillance, assessment, and treatment of this condition in optimising life after TBI. Differences in fatigue progression may point to the presence of different types of PTBIF
Relationship Between Hispanic Nativity, Residential Environment, and Productive Activity Among Individuals With Traumatic Brain Injury: A TBI Model Systems Study
Objective: To examine the influence of nativity and residential characteristics on productive activity among Hispanics at 1 year after traumatic brain injury (TBI).
Setting: Acute rehabilitation facilities and community follow-up.
Participants: A total of 706 Hispanic individuals in the TBI Model Systems National Database.
Design: Secondary data analysis from a multicenter longitudinal cohort study.
Main Measures: Nativity (foreign born or US native), productive activity derived from interview questions regarding employment status, and other demographic information. Census data were extracted by zip code to represent residential characteristics of aggregate household income and proportion of foreign language speakers (FLS).
Results: Among foreign-born individuals with TBI, those living in an area with a higher proportion of FLS were 2.8 times more likely to be productive than those living in areas with a lower proportion of FLS. Among individuals living in an area with a lower proportion of FLS, US-born Hispanics were 2.7 times more likely to be productive compared with Hispanic immigrants.
Conclusion: The relationship between nativity and productive activity at 1 year post-TBI was moderated by the residential proportion of FLS. Findings underscore the importance of considering environmental factors when designing vocational rehabilitation interventions for Hispanics after TBI
Esophageal cooling for protection during left atrial ablation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
PURPOSE: Thermal damage to the esophagus is a risk from radiofrequency (RF) ablation of the left atrium for the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF). The most extreme type of thermal injury results in atrio-esophageal fistula (AEF) and a correspondingly high mortality rate. Various strategies for reducing esophageal injury have been developed, including power reduction, esophageal deviation, and esophageal cooling. One method of esophageal cooling involves the direct instillation of cold water or saline into the esophagus during RF ablation. Although this method provides limited heat-extraction capacity, studies of it have suggested potential benefit. We sought to perform a meta-analysis of published studies evaluating the use of esophageal cooling via direct liquid instillation for the reduction of thermal injury during RF ablation. METHODS: We searched PubMed for studies that used esophageal cooling to protect the esophagus from thermal injury during RF ablation. We then performed a meta-analysis using a random effects model to calculate estimated effect size with 95% confidence intervals, with an outcome of esophageal lesions stratified by severity, as determined by post-procedure endoscopy. RESULTS: A total of 9 studies were identified and reviewed. After excluding preclinical and mathematical model studies, 3 were included in the meta-analysis, totaling 494 patients. Esophageal cooling showed a tendency to shift lesion severity downward, such that total lesions did not show a statistically significant change (OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.15 to 2.38). For high-grade lesions, a significant OR of 0.39 (95% CI 0.17 to 0.89) in favor of esophageal cooling was found, suggesting that esophageal cooling, even with a low-capacity thermal extraction technique, reduces the severity of lesions resulting from RF ablation. CONCLUSIONS: Esophageal cooling reduces the severity of the lesions that may result from RF ablation, even when relatively low heat extraction methods are used, such as the direct instillation of small volumes of cold liquid. Further investigation of this approach is warranted, particularly with higher heat extraction capacity techniques
Utilidad del jugo gástrico en el diagnóstico de infección por <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> : Parte II: Correlación entre las determinaciones por reacción de polimerasa en cadena (PCR) y las determinaciones morfológicas
En estudios anteriores, hemos comprobado que existe una muy fuerte correlación entre la detección, mediante procedimientos morfológicos, de H. pylori en el jugo gástrico y su presencia en material de biopsia de pacientes dispépticos. Aún más, la positividad para H. pylori en las muestras de jugo gástrico fue superior a la determinada sobre las muestras de biopsias antrales de esos mismos pacientes. Nuestros propios datos mostraron que la prevalencia de infección por Helicobacter pylori en pacientes dispépticos con mucosas gástricas sin alteraciones o con una leve gastritis, llegaba al 76,19%, mientras que en pacientes con daño de la mucosa de moderado a severo, la prevalencia de la infección llegaba al 100%. Asimismo, pudimos determinar que existÃa una muy fuerte asociación entre la intensidad del daño histológico de la mucosa y la presencia del factor de virulencia CagA, evaluado a través de técnicas de análisis de ADN. (Laguens y col, ver parte I). En el presente trabajo se intentó determinar si mediante las mismas técnicas de análisis de ADN se podrÃa tipificar genotÃpicamente a H. pylori en el jugo gástrico, además de confirmar su presencia, correlacionando estos hallazgos con los resultados del estudio morfológico del mismo jugo.Facultad de Ciencias Médicas (FCM
Utilidad del jugo gástrico en el diagnóstico de infección por <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> : Parte I: Correlación entre los hallazgos histológicos y los hallazgos en el jugo gástrico
Estudios anteriores, hemos comprobado que la prevalencia de infección por Helicobacter pylori en pacientes dispépticos con mucosas gástricas sin alteraciones o con una leve gastritis, llegaba al 76,19%, mientras que en pacientes con daño de la mucosa de moderado a severo, la prevalencia de la infección llegaba al 100%. Aún más, pudimos determinar que existÃa una muy fuerte asociación entre la intensidad del daño histológico de la mucosa y la presencia del factor de virulencia CagA. Aunque la infección por H. pylori cursa generalmente de forma asintomática, casi todas las personas infectadas por este bacilo presentan, en algún momento de su vida, inflamación gástrica. La infección por H. pylori es la causa principal del desarrollo de úlcera péptica, la que afecta aproximadamente al 15% de los pacientes portadores (Toljamo y col., 2002; Crespo y Suh, 2001). La infección por H. pylori induce la gastritis superficial crónica, la que se caracteriza por presentar infiltración mononuclear y polinuclear de la mucosa, con la consecuente injuria de las células epiteliales. En los Estados Unidos, el patrón de inflamación gástrica más predominante es la que involucra al antro, encontrándose más estrechamente ligado a la úlcera de duodeno. Sin embargo, en los paÃses en desarrollo el tipo de inflamación predominante es la pangastritis, la que ha sido asociada tanto a la úlcera como al carcinoma gástrico (Atherton y Blase, 1997). Considerando que el jugo gástrico baña uniformemente la superficie mucosa del estómago y, por lo tanto, podrÃan transferirse a él algunos signos sugerentes o indicativos de daño inflamatorio como también algunas formas bacilares o cocoides de H. pylori, se estudiaron 149 muestras de jugo gástrico obtenido de otros tantos pacientes dispépticos sometidos a una endoscopÃa alta, determinando la presencia o ausencia de células inflamatorias y la presencia o ausencia de estructuras bacterianas compatibles con H. pylori, correlacionando los hallazgos con los obtenidos de biopsias antrales obtenidas simultáneamente durante el mismo acto endoscópico.Facultad de Ciencias Médicas (FCM
Utilidad del jugo gástrico en el diagnóstico de infección por <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> : Parte I: Correlación entre los hallazgos histológicos y los hallazgos en el jugo gástrico
Estudios anteriores, hemos comprobado que la prevalencia de infección por Helicobacter pylori en pacientes dispépticos con mucosas gástricas sin alteraciones o con una leve gastritis, llegaba al 76,19%, mientras que en pacientes con daño de la mucosa de moderado a severo, la prevalencia de la infección llegaba al 100%. Aún más, pudimos determinar que existÃa una muy fuerte asociación entre la intensidad del daño histológico de la mucosa y la presencia del factor de virulencia CagA. Aunque la infección por H. pylori cursa generalmente de forma asintomática, casi todas las personas infectadas por este bacilo presentan, en algún momento de su vida, inflamación gástrica. La infección por H. pylori es la causa principal del desarrollo de úlcera péptica, la que afecta aproximadamente al 15% de los pacientes portadores (Toljamo y col., 2002; Crespo y Suh, 2001). La infección por H. pylori induce la gastritis superficial crónica, la que se caracteriza por presentar infiltración mononuclear y polinuclear de la mucosa, con la consecuente injuria de las células epiteliales. En los Estados Unidos, el patrón de inflamación gástrica más predominante es la que involucra al antro, encontrándose más estrechamente ligado a la úlcera de duodeno. Sin embargo, en los paÃses en desarrollo el tipo de inflamación predominante es la pangastritis, la que ha sido asociada tanto a la úlcera como al carcinoma gástrico (Atherton y Blase, 1997). Considerando que el jugo gástrico baña uniformemente la superficie mucosa del estómago y, por lo tanto, podrÃan transferirse a él algunos signos sugerentes o indicativos de daño inflamatorio como también algunas formas bacilares o cocoides de H. pylori, se estudiaron 149 muestras de jugo gástrico obtenido de otros tantos pacientes dispépticos sometidos a una endoscopÃa alta, determinando la presencia o ausencia de células inflamatorias y la presencia o ausencia de estructuras bacterianas compatibles con H. pylori, correlacionando los hallazgos con los obtenidos de biopsias antrales obtenidas simultáneamente durante el mismo acto endoscópico.Facultad de Ciencias Médicas (FCM
Utilidad del jugo gástrico en el diagnóstico de infección por <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> : Parte II: Correlación entre las determinaciones por reacción de polimerasa en cadena (PCR) y las determinaciones morfológicas
En estudios anteriores, hemos comprobado que existe una muy fuerte correlación entre la detección, mediante procedimientos morfológicos, de H. pylori en el jugo gástrico y su presencia en material de biopsia de pacientes dispépticos. Aún más, la positividad para H. pylori en las muestras de jugo gástrico fue superior a la determinada sobre las muestras de biopsias antrales de esos mismos pacientes. Nuestros propios datos mostraron que la prevalencia de infección por Helicobacter pylori en pacientes dispépticos con mucosas gástricas sin alteraciones o con una leve gastritis, llegaba al 76,19%, mientras que en pacientes con daño de la mucosa de moderado a severo, la prevalencia de la infección llegaba al 100%. Asimismo, pudimos determinar que existÃa una muy fuerte asociación entre la intensidad del daño histológico de la mucosa y la presencia del factor de virulencia CagA, evaluado a través de técnicas de análisis de ADN. (Laguens y col, ver parte I). En el presente trabajo se intentó determinar si mediante las mismas técnicas de análisis de ADN se podrÃa tipificar genotÃpicamente a H. pylori en el jugo gástrico, además de confirmar su presencia, correlacionando estos hallazgos con los resultados del estudio morfológico del mismo jugo.Facultad de Ciencias Médicas (FCM
Prognostic implications of preoperative systemic inflammatory markers in oral squamous cell carcinoma, and correlations with the local immune tumor microenvironment
PurposeThe aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic significance of preoperative inflammatory markers in peripheral blood of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and to establish correlations with the infiltrate of macrophages and lymphocytes in the local immune tumor microenvironment (TME).Materials and MethodsNeutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR), and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) were retrospectively evaluated in a cohort of 348 OSCC patients, and correlated with overall (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS). Immunohistochemical analysis of tumoral and stromal infiltration of CD8+, CD4+, FOXP3+ and CD20+ lymphocytes and CD68+ and CD163+ macrophages was performed in a subset of 119 OSCC patient samples, and correlations further assessed.ResultsNLR, SII, and LMR were significantly associated with a poorer OS in univariate analysis; however, only NLR remained a significant independent predictor in the multivariate analysis (HR = 1.626, p = 0.04). NLR and SII were inversely and significantly correlated with stromal infiltration of CD8+, CD4+, and CD20+ lymphocytes. Moreover, a significant correlation between LMR was also found to significantly associate with stromal infiltration of CD8+, CD4+, and CD20+ lymphocytes, stromal CD68+ and CD163+ macrophages, and also tumoral infiltration of CD4+ and CD20+ lymphocytes.ConclusionsPreoperative NLR, SII, and LMR may serve as valuable systemic markers to predict OSCC patient survival, with NLR emerging as an independent predictor of poor OS. Moreover, strong significant correlations were exclusively observed between systemic inflammatory markers and the local stromal infiltration of lymphocytes in the TME
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