From brownfields to the expansion of the creative industries : the role of industrial heritage in local development in France and Italy

Ce mémoire se concontre sur la construction contemporaine des villes grâce au rôle des friches industrielles réhabilitées, réutilisées et intégrées dans les plans d’aménagement urbain et dans les politiques de développement au niveau local. Il se penchera sur le processus de régénération urbaine grâce aux friches industrielles qui représentent de nouvelles ressources économique, sociale, identitaire, culturelle pour améliorer l’attractivité des territoires qui ont été touchés pendant la période de désindustrialisation. Et pour ce faire, nous suivrons un cheminement des années 1980 jusqu’à nos jours en France et en Italie, deux pays européens en quête d’espaces stimulants pour l’innovation et la créativité dans le cadre de la valorisation du patrimoine industriel et d’un processus de développement durable. Il s’agira alors de s’intéresser au lien entre passé et technologie d’aujourd’hui en s’attachant au développement des industries culturelles et créatives comme nouvelle opportunité dans le processus de reconversion des friches industrielles; Abstract: This dissertation focuses on the contemporary construction of cities through the role of brownfield sites that are rehabilitated, reused and integrated into urban development plans and local development policies. It will look at the process of urban regeneration thanks to brownfield sites, which represent new economic, social, identity and cultural resources to improve the attractiveness of the territories that were affected during the period of deindustrialization. And to do this, we will follow a path from the 1980s to the present day in France and Italy, two European countries in search of stimulating spaces for innovation and creativity in the framework of the enhancement of industrial heritage and a process of sustainable development. The aim will be to examine the link between the past and today's technology by focusing on the development of cultural and creative industries as a new opportunity in the process of reconversion of industrial wastelands

Site-directed spin labeling measurements of nanometer distances in nucleic acids using a sequence-independent nitroxide probe

In site-directed spin labeling (SDSL), local structural and dynamic information is obtained via electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy of a stable nitroxide radical attached site-specifically to a macromolecule. Analysis of electron spin dipolar interactions between pairs of nitroxides yields the inter-nitroxide distance, which provides quantitative structural information. The development of pulse EPR methods has enabled such distance measurements up to 70 Å in bio-molecules, thus opening up the possibility of SDSL global structural mapping. This study evaluates SDSL distance measurement using a nitroxide (designated as R5) that can be attached, in an efficient and cost-effective manner, to a phosphorothioate backbone position at arbitrary DNA or RNA sequences. R5 pairs were attached to selected positions of a dodecamer DNA duplex with a known NMR structure, and eight distances, ranging from 20 to 40 Å, were measured using double electron-electron resonance (DEER). The measured distances correlated strongly (R(2) = 0.98) with the predicted values calculated based on a search of sterically allowable R5 conformations in the NMR structure, thus demonstrating accurate distance measurements using R5. Furthermore, distance measurement in a 42 kD DNA was demonstrated. The results establish R5 as a sequence-independent probe for global structural mapping of DNA and DNA–protein complexes

Hexamer oligonucleotide topology and assembly under solution phase NMR and theoretical modeling scrutiny

The entire family of non-complementary hexamer oligodeoxyribonucleotides d(GCXYGC) (X and Y = A, G, C, or T) were assessed for topological indicators and equilibrium thermodynamics using a priori molecular modeling and solution phase NMR spectroscopy. Feasible modeled hairpin structures formed a basis from which solution structure and equilibria for each oligonucleotide were considered. 1H and 31P variable temperature (VT) and concentration dependent NMR data, NMR signal assignments and diffusion parameters led to d(GCGAGC) and d(GCGGGC) being understood as exceptions within the family in terms of self-association and topological character. A mean diffusion coefficient D298K = (2.0 ± 0.07) × 10-10 m2s-1 was evaluated across all hexamers except for d(GCGAGC) (D298K = 1.7 × 10-10 m2s-1) and d(GCGGGC) (D298K = 1.2 × 10-10 m2s-1). Melting under VT analysis (Tm = 323 K) combined with supporting NMR evidence confirmed d(GCGAGC) as the shortest tandem sheared GA mismatched duplex. Diffusion measurements were used to conclude that d(GCGGGC) preferentially exists as the shortest stable quadruplex structure. Thermodynamic analysis of all data led to the assertion that, with the exception of XY = GA and GG, the remaining non-complementary oligonucleotides adopt equilibria between monomer and duplex, contributed to largely by monomer random-coil forms. Contrastingly d(GCGAGC) showed preference for tandem sheared GA mismatch duplex formation with an association constant K = 3.9 × 105 M-1. No direct evidence was acquired for hairpin formation in any instance although its potential existence is considered possible for d(GCGAGC) on the basis of molecular modeling studies

ANALYSE STRUCTURALE D'UNE SEQUENCE D'ADN MAR (MATRIX ATTACHMENT REGION) LOCALISEE EN 5 DU GENE DE L'INTERFERON HUMAIN

PARIS7-Bibliothèque centrale (751132105) / SudocSudocFranceF

An NMR study of d(CTACTGCTTTAG).d(CTAAAGCAGTAG) showing hydration water molecules in the minor groove of a TpA step.

International audienceThe hydration properties of the non-palindromic duplex d(CTACTGCTTTAG). d(CTAAAGCAGTAG) were investigated by NMR spectroscopy. The oligonucleotide possesses a heterogeneous B-DNA structure. The H2(n)-H1'(m+1) distances reflect a minor groove narrowing within the TTT/AAA segment (approximately 3.9A) and a sudden widening at the T10:A15 base-pair (approximately 5.3A), the standard B-DNA distance being approximately 5A. The facing T10pA11 and T14pA15 steps at the end of the TTTA/AAAT segment have completely different behaviors. Only A15 ending the AAA run displays NMR features comparable to those shown by adenines of TpA steps occupying the central position of TnAn (n> or =2) segments. These involve particular chemical shifts and line broadening of the H2 and H8 protons. Positive NOESY cross-peaks were measured between the water protons and the H2 protons of A15, A16 and A17 reflecting the occurrence of hydration water molecules with residence times longer than 500 picoseconds along the minor groove of the TTT/AAA segment. In contrast no water molecules with long residence times were observed neither for A3, A20 and A23 nor for A11 ending the 5'TTTA run. We confirm thus that the binding of water molecules with long residence time to adenine residues correlates with the minor groove narrowing. In contrast, the widening of the minor groove at the A11:T14 base-pair ending the TTTA/TAAA segment, likely associated to a high negative propeller twist value at this base-pair, prevents the binding of a water molecule with long residence time to A11 but not to A15 of the preceding T10:A15 base-pair. Thus, in our non-palindromic oligonucleotide the water molecules bind differently to A11 and A15 although both adenines are part of a TpA step. The slower motions occurring at A15 compared to A11 are also well explained by the present results