30 research outputs found

    Amino acid tissue levels and GABAa receptor binding in the developing rat cerebellum following status epilepticus

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    Incidence of status epilepticus (SE) is higher in children than in adults and SE can be induced in developing rats. The cerebellum can be affected after SE; however, consequences of cerebellar amino acid transmission have been poorly studied. The goal of this study was to determine amino acid tissue concentration and GABAA receptor binding in the immature rat cerebellum after an episode of SE. Thirteen-day-old (P13) rat pups received in- traperitoneal injections of lithium chloride (3 mEq/kg). Twenty hours later, on P14, SE was induced by subcutaneous injection of pilocarpine hydrochloride (60 mg/kg). Control ani- mals were given an equal volume of saline subcutaneously. Animals were killed 24 h after SE induction, the cerebellum was quickly removed, and the vermis and hemispheres were rapidly dissected out on ice. Amino acid tissue concentrations in the vermis and hemi- spheres were evaluated by HPLC and fluorescent detection. GABAA receptor binding in the medial vermis was analyzed by in vitro autoradiography. SE increased the tissue levels of the inhibitory amino acids taurine (80%) and alanine (91%), as well as glutamine (168%) in the cerebellar hemisphere; no changes were observed in the vermis. SE did not modify GABAA receptor binding in any cerebellar lobule from the vermis. Our data demonstrate that SE produces region-specific changes in amino acid concentrations in the developing cerebellum

    Ciencia y ojos animales

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    Un cient铆fico descubre un secreto terrible que lo llevar谩 a reflexionar sobre el papel de los animales en la ciencia

    Pancho Ciencia y la importancia del bienestar animal

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    Esta historia, anecd贸tica y ficticia presenta algunos de los conceptos 茅ticos a considerarse en la experimentaci贸n con animales de laboratorio, pues son fuentes de conocimiento y modelos biol贸gicos. El personaje principal es Francisco L贸pez, Pancho Ciencia, un estudiante de posgrado que descubre la relevancia del bienestar animal a partir de un adecuado control sanitario y de generar las condiciones ambientales aptas para su crianza y su uso. Comprende adem谩s el principio de las 3 R鈥檚 (reemplazo, reducci贸n y refinamiento), elementos necesarios para trabajar con seres vivos en la investigaci贸n

    Modelos experimentales de epilepsia en ratas en desarrollo

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    Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder that occurs most commonly in children than in adults. The early postnatal period represents a critical phase of development for central nervous system, so that the immature brain is generally more susceptible to the generation of seizures than in the adult. Furthermore, since the effects of seizures occurring in the developing brain are age-dependent, seizures generated in immature individuals result in different consequences to those caused in adults. The use of animal models for the study of epilepsy in developing rats will allow the researcher to understand the mechanisms that trigger seizures and those which stop them, the processes of epileptogenesis as well as the identification of potential drug therapies. However, each one of these experimental approaches has quirks and limitations that must be considered. These experimental models are classified considering the time taken to generate seizures, the causative agent of seizure activity and the type of seizure activity generated. This review summarizes the models of epilepsy in the developing rat currently employed.La epilepsia es un trastorno neurol贸gico cr贸nico que se presenta m谩s com煤nmente en los ni帽os que en los adultos. El per铆odo posnatal temprano representa un per铆odo cr铆tico del desarrollo para el sistema nervioso central, de tal forma que un cerebro inmaduro es generalmente m谩s susceptible a la generaci贸n de crisis epil茅pticas que uno adulto. Adem谩s, puesto que los efectos de las crisis epil茅pticas producidas en el cerebro en desarrollo son dependientes de la edad, las crisis generadas en un sujeto inmaduro resultan en diferentes consecuencias. El uso de modelos animales para el estudio de la epilepsia, empleando ratas en desarrollo, permite al investigador entender los mecanismos que generan las crisis epil茅pticas, los que las detienen, los procesos de epileptog茅nesis, as铆 como la identificaci贸n de posibles terapias farmacol贸gicas; sin embargo, cada uno de estos abordajes experimentales presentan peculiaridades y tambi茅n limitantes que deben ser consideradas. Dichos modelos se clasifican en base al tiempo que toma generar las crisis epil茅pticas, al agente causante de la actividad epil茅ptica e incluso dependiendo del tipo de crisis epil茅ptica generada. Este art铆culo aborda a manera de revisi贸n, los diferentes modelos de epilepsia que se han utilizado en la rata neonata y en desarrollo

    Inducci贸n de status epilepticus durante las fases de luz/oscuridad del d铆a y efecto sobre la muerte neuronal en el hipocampo en la rata en desarrollo

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    El status epilepticus (SE) es una condici贸n neurol贸gica caracterizada por la presentaci贸n de crisis epil茅pticas continuas por un tiempo prolongado o por crisis intermitentes sin la recuperaci贸n completa del individuo entre las mismas. Su incidencia es mayor en sujetos en desarrollo y causa muerte neuronal en diversas 谩reas cerebrales, siendo el hipocampo una regi贸n altamente sensible. Existe evidencia que muestra una variaci贸n circ谩dica en la presentaci贸n de las crisis epil茅pticas tanto en humanos como en modelos experimentales de epilepsia

    Modelos experimentales de epilepsia en ratas en desarrollo

    No full text
    La epilepsia es un trastorno neurol贸gico cr贸nico que se presenta m谩s com煤nmente en los ni帽os que en los adultos. El per铆odo posnatal temprano representa un per铆odo cr铆tico del desarrollo para el sistema nervioso central, de tal forma que un cerebro inmaduro es generalmente m谩s susceptible a la generaci贸n de crisis epil茅pticas que uno adulto. Adem谩s, puesto que los efectos de las crisis epil茅pticas producidas en el cerebro en desarrollo son dependientes de la edad, las crisis generadas en un sujeto inmaduro resultan en diferentes consecuencias. El uso de modelos animales para el estudio de la epilepsia, empleando ratas en desarrollo, permite al investigador entender los mecanismos que generan las crisis epil茅pticas, los que las detienen, los procesos de epileptog茅nesis, as铆 como la identificaci贸n de posibles terapias farmacol贸gicas; sin embargo, cada uno de estos abordajes experimentales presentan peculiaridades y tambi茅n limitantes que deben ser consideradas. Dichos modelos se clasifican en base al tiempo que toma generar las crisis epil茅pticas, al agente causante de la actividad epil茅ptica e incluso dependiendo del tipo de crisis epil茅ptica generada. Este art铆culo aborda a manera de revisi贸n, los diferentes modelos de epilepsia que se han utilizado en la rata neonata y en desarrollo

    Interacci贸n entre la hormona del crecimiento y el sistema glutamat茅rgico: Implicaciones para la plasticidad cerebral

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    La hormona del crecimiento (HC) es una hormona proteica que posee efectos pleiotr贸picos, tanto a nivel sist茅mico como cerebral. La HC participa en el desarrollo del sistema nervioso al regular el crecimiento, la proliferaci贸n, la diferenciaci贸n y la supervivencia celular. Adem谩s, la HC est谩 involucrada en procesos de plasticidad cerebral como el aprendizaje y la memoria, e incluso de neuroprotecci贸n. Sin embargo, en dichos procesos, la participaci贸n del sistema glutamat茅rgico es fundamental. La evidencia apunta a que la HC y el glutamato mantienen una relaci贸n estrecha de modulaci贸n para promover dichos cambios pl谩sticos, por lo que la presente revisi贸n compila la relaci贸n que existe entre ambos sistemas

    Microglia and status epilepticus in the immature brain

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    Abstract Microglia are the resident immune cells of the Central Nervous System (CNS), which are activated due to brain damage, as part of the neuroinflammatory response. Microglia undergo morphological and biochemical modifications during activation, adopting a pro鈥恑nflammatory or an antiinflammatory state. In the developing brain, status epilepticus (SE) promotes microglia activation that is associated with neuronal injury in some areas of the brain, such as the hippocampus, thalamus, and amygdala. However, the timing of this activation, the anatomical pattern, and the morphological and biochemical characteristics of microglia in the immature brain are age鈥恉ependent and have not been fully characterized. Therefore, this review focuses on the response of microglia to SE and its relationship to neurodegeneration

    Advances and Challenges of Cannabidiol as an Anti-Seizure Strategy: Preclinical Evidence

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    The use of Cannabis for medicinal purposes has been documented since ancient times, where one of its principal cannabinoids extracted from Cannabis sativa, cannabidiol (CBD), has emerged over the last few years as a promising molecule with anti-seizure potential. Here, we present an overview of recent literature pointing out CBD’s pharmacological profile (solubility, metabolism, drug-drug interactions, etc.,), CBD’s interactions with multiple molecular targets as well as advances in preclinical research concerning its anti-seizure effect on both acute seizure models and chronic models of epilepsy. We also highlight the recent attention that has been given to other natural cannabinoids and to synthetic derivatives of CBD as possible compounds with therapeutic anti-seizure potential. All the scientific research reviewed here encourages to continue to investigate the probable therapeutic efficacy of CBD and its related compounds not only in epilepsy but also and specially in drug-resistant epilepsy, since there is a dire need for new and effective drugs to treat this disease

    Tickling in juvenile but not adult female rats conditions sexual partner preference

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    Female rats display a conditioned partner preference for males that bear odors paired with different types of rewarding unconditioned stimuli (UCS). Here we examined whether tickling constitutes a rewarding UCS that supports the development of partner preferences. In Experiment 1, we tested the possibility that odors associated with a tickling UCS in prepubescent rats would induce a conditioned partner preference in adulthood. Two groups were formed with 31-day-old, single-housed females, tickled for 6 min daily for 10 days, by a hand that wore a scented glove (almond or lemon). At 47 days of age, females were ovariectomized (OVX), hormone-primed (EB + P), and tested for sexual partner preference with two scented stud males (one almond and one lemon). In each group, females displayed a sexual preference toward males bearing the odor paired with tickling, as observed with longer visits, more solicitations, hops & darts, and receiving more intromissions and ejaculations from the preferred male. In Experiment 2, we used 3-month old, OVX, hormone-primed rats conditioned every 4 days for 10 trials. In contrast to juvenile females, adult females failed to prefer males that bore the odor paired with tickling but instead preferred the novel male. These results suggest that tickling has opposite age-dependent effects in the conditioning of partner preference. Tickling in juvenile females appears to act as a rewarding UCS, whereas in adult females it may act as an aversive UCS. Further research is needed to understand brain mechanisms that might account for such differences
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