Comparison of Image Acquisition Techniques in Four-Dimensional Flow Cardiovascular MR on 3 Tesla in Volunteers and Tetralogy of Fallot Patients

Four-dimensional phase-contrast (PC) velocity-encoded flow magnetic resonance imaging (4D flow MRI) is a potentially valuable tool for studying cardiovascular hemodynamics for disease monitoring and/or treatment planning. In this study we compared the performance of two 4D flow MRI pulse sequences - echo-planar imaging (EPI) and segmented gradient-echo (turbo-field-echo or TFE on vendor's platform) - on a clinical 3T system in 6 human subjects including 3 patients with Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). For aortic flow rate, the coefficients of variation (COV) between 2D and 4D EPI were 7.0% and 7.7% for controls and patients respectively. The corresponding COV between 2D and 4D TFE were 19.0% and 18.3% for controls and patients respectively. The COV between 4D TFE and 4D EPI were larger than 18.7% in kinetic energy analysis. 4D EPI demonstrated acceptable accuracy of intra-cardiac flow quantification, which was also shown in the ex-vivo phantom measurements

Additional file 1: of Cardiovascular magnetic resonance reference ranges for the heart and aorta in Chinese at 3T

Comparison of real world data and reference ranges established in the study. (PDF 30 kb

Additional file 2: of Cardiovascular magnetic resonance reference ranges for the heart and aorta in Chinese at 3T

Correlation between volumetric and phase contrast stroke volumes. (PDF 419 kb

Erratum to: Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition) (Autophagy, 12, 1, 1-222, 10.1080/15548627.2015.1100356

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