Prevalência de lesões em corredores de rua e fatores associados: revisão sistemática

Objetivo: verificar a prevalência de lesões em corredores de rua, os tipos de lesões, as regiões mais acometidas e quais são os fatores associados. Método: foi realizada uma revisão sistemática nas bases de dados SciELO e LILACS. Foram incluídos estudos que abordaram as lesões em corredores de rua, atletas e amadores, adultos, de ambos os sexos, independente da raça ou classe social. Resultados: a busca de artigos identificou 99 estudos. Após aplicação dos critérios de exclusão, 6 estudos foram incluídos na presente revisão sistemática. A prevalência de lesões encontrada foi de 44%, sendo os principais tipos tendinopatias e distensões musculares e o principal local o joelho, os fatores associados às lesões foram intrínsecos e extrínsecos. Considerações finais: conclui-se que quase a metade dos praticantes relatou ter sofrido lesões, o que é preocupante, tendo em vista que as lesões limitam a prática do esporte portanto, fatores como a especificidade do treinamento devem ser observados para a prática saudável e segura da corrida de rua

Physiological responses and rate of perceived exertion in Brazilian jiu-jitsu athletes

In this study, the physiological responses and rate of perceived exertion in Brazilian jiu-jitsu fighters submitted to a combat simulation were investigated. Venous blood samples and heart rate were taken from twelve male Brazilian jiu-jitsu athletes (27.1+/-2.7 yrs, 75.4+/-8.8 kg, 174.9+/-4.4 cm, 9.2+/-2.4% fat), at rest, after a warm-up (ten minutes), immediately after the fight simulation (seven minutes) and after recovery (fourteen minutes). After the combat the rate of perceived exertion was collected. The combat of the Brazilian jiu-jitsu fighters did not change blood concentrations of glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein and very low density lipoprotein, ureia and ammonia. However, blood levels of high density lipoprotein were significantly higher post-fight (before: 43.0+/-6.9 mg/dL, after: 45.1+/-8.0 mg/dL) and stayed at high levels during the recovery period (43.6+/-8.1 mg/dL) compared to the rest values (40.0+/-6.6 mg/dL). The fight did not cause changes in the concentrations of the cell damage markers of creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase and creatinine. However, blood concentrations of the alanine aminotransferase (before: 16.1+/-7.1 U/L, after: 18.6+/-7.1 U/L) and lactate dehydrogenase (before: 491.5+/-177.6 U/L, after: 542.6+/-141.4 U/L) enzymes were elevated after the fight. Heart rate (before: 122+/-25 bpm, after: 165+/-17 bpm) and lactate (before: 2.5+/-1.2 mmol/L, after: 11.9+/-5.8 mmol/L) increased significantly with the completion of combat. Despite this, the athletes rated the fight as being light or somewhat hard (12+/-2). These results showed that muscle glycogen is not the only substrate used in Brazilian jiu-jitsu fights, since there are indications of activation of the glycolytic, lipolytic and proteolytic pathways. Furthermore, the athletes rated the combats as being light or somewhat hard although muscle damage markers were generated.CNPqCNPqCNPqCNPQ [471201/2012-0

Características Neuromotoras e Alterações nos Parâmetros Funcionais de Atletas de Futsal Durante Temporada

O presente estudo tem por objetivo descrever as características funcionais e neuromotoras de atletas de futsal, assim como identificar as alterações nestes parâmetros durante temporada. Para isto são avaliados 12 atletas profissionais de nível estadual. A amostra é submetida à avaliação para determinação da potência aeróbia e anaeróbia alática, agilidade, potência de membros inferiores em plano vertical e horizontal, resistência muscular abdominal e de membros superiores. Os dados são submetidos à estatística descritiva. A comparação dos resultados entre teste e reteste, e entre posições é obtida por meio do teste t de Student, utilizando 5% como nível de significância. Os atletas demonstram excelente resistência muscular abdominal e resistência de membros superiores acima da média, embora estas valências não sejam especificas no futsal. Quanto à potência aeróbia máxima e agilidade, os resultados obtidos são compatíveis com os dos atletas da mesma modalidade. Porém, os índices de potência de membros inferiores mostram-se aquém dos apresentados por jogadores de futsal em outros estudos.  Em relação à distinção quanto ao posicionamento, são encontradas diferenças estatísticas na potência aeróbia entre fixos e pivôs, e entre fixos e goleiros. Na agilidade, são denotadas discrepâncias entre goleiros e pivôs. Quando contrastados os dados obtidos em período preparatório com os do período competitivo, mesmo apresentando melhoras nas valências avaliadas, verifica-se que tais alterações não são estatisticamente significativas

Morphological profile of Brazilian jiu-jitsu elite athletes

Athletes from many sports that are categorized by body mass tend to reduce it to fit in lower categories. Such reduction can compromise the athlete's performance and health. In order to determine the most appropriate category, the body composition is highly relevant, especially to avoid excessive reduction. Thus, this study analyzed the morphological profile of Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu elite athletes. The sample was composed of 11 athletes, aged 25.8 +/- 3.3 years, medalists in national and/or international competitions. The analysis was performed to determine the anthropometric body composition and somatotype. Body fat percentage from this population was 10.3 +/- 2.6 % fat, a high percentage of muscle mass (61.3 +/- 1.5 %), and predominant mesomorphic component (5.5 +/- 1.0) was observed. The points of highest and lowest fat accumulation were respectively abdominal (15.7 +/- 6.3 mm) and chest (6.8 +/- 1.5 mm) regions. It can be concluded that athletes from this sport showed higher body mass during the preparatory period than in competitive conditions (4.4 +/- 2.4 %); however, they showed low body fat, high muscle mass percentage and predominant mesomorphic component.CNPqCNPQCAPES organsCAPES organ

Physical performance, time-motion, technical-tactical analyses, and perceptual responses in brazilian jiu-jitsu matches of varied duration

This study aimed to analyze performance, time structure, technical actions, and perceptual responses of Brazilian jiu-jitsu athletes during matches of varied duration. For this, 10 athletes were analyzed in matches of varied duration (2-min, 5-min, 8-min and 10-min). Physical tests (reaction time, maximal isometric handgrip strength, grip strength endurance, vertical jump and sit-and-reach) and perceptive scales (exertion and recovery) were applied before and immediately after a combat. The matches were recorded for technicaltactical analysis and to determine their time structure. The main results showed that alterations were observed for the grip strength with kimono (p=.001), whereas a decrease was observed in the suspension time in the 8-min (p=.017) and 10-min (p=.002) combats compared to pre-match mean values. The rating of perceived exertion was influenced by time (p<.001), with higher values reported after combats of 8-min and 10-min duration compared to 2-min combat (p=.008 and p=.001; respectively). The effort:pause ratio did not differ between the times of combats (p=.472), but the pause time differed according to match duration (p=.004), with higher values observed in the 10-min combats than in the 2-min combats (p=.002). Thus, it was concluded that combats of longer duration resulted in higher perceived exertion, higher pause time and lower strength endurance

Psihološka, fiziološka i subjektivna reakcija te promjene u fizičkim performansama nakon borbe u brazilskom jiu jitsu

This study aimed to investigate the psychological, physiological, performance and perceptive responses to a regional level Brazilian jiu-jitsu competition. The study included 12 Brazilian jiu-jitsu athletes graded blue belt. The psychological responses were measured by the Profile of Mood States – POMS and Sport Competition Anxiety Test – SCAT. Glucose, β-hydroxybutyrate and lactate were determined from blood samples collected at rest and immediately after the fights at the earlobe. Saliva samples were also collected at rest and immediately after the fights to determine cortisol and immunoglobulin A (IgA). Maximal isometric grip strength was tested using a handgrip dynamometer, before and after the fights. Rating of perceived exertion was also assessed after the fights using the 6-20 Borg scale. The athletes were asked to indicate on an anatomical diagram of the anterior and posterior views of the body, the areas they perceived to have experienced most exertion during fights. Before the competition the athletes presented an iceberg profile of mood state and medium competitive anxiety. As a result of the fights, glucose, lactate, cortisol and IgA increased significantly. However, β-hydroxybutyrate level remained constant after the fights. Physical exertion during the match resulted in significant reductions only in the dominant handgrip strength. In addition, the athletes rated the fight as hard and very hard and indicated the forearm, wrist and frontal thigh as the principal points of fatigue. The results indicated that Brazilian jiu-jitsu fights exert a moderate demand on the glycolytic pathway, and caused significant reductions in handgrip strength.Ovom je istraživanju cilj bio utvrditi psihološku, fiziološku i subjektivnu reakciju te promjene u fizičkim performansama natjecatelja tijekom regionalnog natjecanja u brazilskom jiu jitsu. U istraživanje je bilo uključeno dvanaest brazilskih jiu jitsu boraca, nositelja plavog pojasa. Psihološki odgovor ispitanika bio je utvrđen upitnicima Profile of Mood States (POMS) i Sport Competition Anxiety Test (SCAT). Razina gukoze, ß-hidroksibutirata i koncentracija laktata mjerena je iz uzorka krvi koja je uzeta iz ušne resice ispitanika u stanju mirovanja i neposredno nakon borbe. Uzorci sline također su prikupljeni u stanju mirovanja i neposredno nakon borbe radi utvrđivanja razine kortizola i imunoglobulina A (IgA). Maksimalna izometrična jakost stiska šake testirana je pomoću ručnog dinamometra, također prije i nakon borbi. Subjektivna procjena opterećenja, mjerena na Borgovoj skali od 6 do 20, također je zabilježena nakon borbi. Ispitanici su na anatomskom prikazu prednje i stražnje strane čovjeka, nakon borbe morali obilježiti dio tijela koji je tijekom borbe bio izložen najvećem opterećenju. Prije natjecanja ispitanici su zabilježili visoke vrijednosti u POMS upitniku te srednje vrijednosti u SCAT upitniku. Kao rezultat borbi, glukoza, laktati, kortizol i IgA su značajno porasli. Ipak, razina ß-hidroksibutirata je ostala nepromijenjena nakon borbi. Fizički napor tijekom borbi rezultirao je značajnim smanjenjem jakosti šake samo dominantne ruke. Ispitanici su borbe ocijenili kao teške i vrlo teške te su istaknuli podlakticu, zapešće i prednji dio natkoljenice kao točke u kojima je zamijećen najveći umor. Rezultati su pokazali da borbe brazilskog jiu jitsa predstavljaju umjerene zahtjeve na glikolitičke mehanizme te uzrokuju značajno opadanje jakosti šake

Metabolic, muscle damage and heart rate responses in brazilian jiu-jitsu matches of varied duration

The aim of this study was to analyze physiological responses in Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ) athletes during matches of varied duration. To this end, 10 athletes (age: 29±5 years old, body mass: 77.5±6.3 kg, body fat: 10.0±5.2%, systematic BJJ practice: 10±2 years) were analyzed in matches of varied duration (2-min, 5-min, 8-min and 10-min). Blood collection was performed to determine energetic demands, hormonal responses and muscle damage. The main results showed that a longer duration of combat generated higher lactate (p<.001) and glucose (p=.004) concentrations. However, when the data were corrected for the effort time, higher lactate concentrations (p<.001) and higher heart rates (p<.001) were found in shorter duration combats. No changes were observed concerning insulin (p=.870), triglycerides (p=.219), total cholesterol (p=.170), albumin (p=.060) and urea (p=.772) values. For markers of muscle damage, no alterations were detected for creatine kinase (p=.401). However, evidence of muscle damage was found, as increased lactate desidrogenase (p=.012) and creatinine (p=.002) concentrations were observed, particularly in the matches of a longer duration. Thus, it is concluded that different combat times have a direct influence on the physiological, hormonal and metabolic responses

Level of physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness and nutritional status of higher education institution servers

Objective: to evaluate the level of physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness and nutritional status of Brazilian higher education institution servers. Method: 134 public servants (80 men and 54 women) were evaluated to estimate body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist/hip ratio (WHR), aerobic fitness and blood pressure at rest. Results: most of the servers were classified as insufficiently active (62%). BMI results show a high prevalence of obesity (39% mild and 33% moderate). WC showed a prevalence of high (30%) and very high risk (27%), and WHR showed a prevalence of high (28%) or very high risk (12%). The ergometric test showed that 41% of the servers presented very poor (17%) or poor (24%) aerobic fitness and 23%, regular aerobic fitness. Considering blood pressure, 15% of the servers presented blood pressure considered as borderline and 30% considered as hypertension. No associations were found between physical condition (active or inactive) with WC (χ2 = 3.4, p = 0.179), WHR (χ2 = 7.0, p = 0.073), aerobic fitness (χ2 = 4.3, p = 0.368) and blood pressure (χ2 = 2.9, p = 0.734). Although no association was observed between physical activity and BMI (χ2 = 7.6, p = 0.062), significance values (p < 0.07) suggested an association trend, with worse ratings for the sedentary group. Closing remarks: among higher education institution servers, there is high prevalence of physical inactivity, obesity and risk factors, and the majority of the sample had aerobic fitness below recommended levels

Qualidade do sono de participantes de programa de reabilitação cardiopulmonar e metabólica

Objetivo: avaliar a qualidade do sono em participantes de programa de reabilitação cardiopulmonar e metabólica. Método: trata-se de um estudo descritivo de corte transversal com amostragem não probabilística. A amostra constituiu-se de participantes de um programa de reabilitação cardiopulmonar e metabólica (RCPM). A qualidade do sono foi avaliada pela versão adaptada do Índice de Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburg (PSQI). Foram avaliados 101 indivíduos de ambos os sexos, sendo 52,5% homens, com média de idade de 66,05 (±9,13) anos. Resultados: todos os componentes do PSQI apresentaram variação entre 0 e 3; o escore total apresentou variação entre 0 e 17, com média de 5,36 (±3,64). Os componentes do instrumento que obtiveram pontuação mais elevada foram: alterações do sono (1,20 ± 0,60); qualidade subjetiva do sono (0,92 ± 0,61) e duração do sono (0,83 ± 1,01). No escore total, 38,6% dos participantes apresentaram pontuação acima de cinco, sendo a qualidade do sono considerada ruim. Considerações finais: conforme a classificação do escore total, mais de um terço dos participantes do programa de reabilitação apresentou má qualidade do sono. Os componentes mais comprometidos foram às alterações do sono, a qualidade subjetiva do sono e a duração do sono

Efectos y síntomas de deshidratación en atletas de jiu-jitsu brasileño

[ES] Objetivo. Medir la pérdida rápida de peso y los indicadoresurinarios relativos al estado de hidratación, así como evaluar los efectos y síntomas de deshidratación en atletas de jiu-jitsu brasileño (BJJ) en diferentes momentos. Métodos. 17 atletas masculinos de BJJ (edad: 24,4 ± 3,5 años; masa corporal (BM): 76,8 ± 14,6 kg; grasa corporal: 16,6 ± 6,4 %), fueron evaluados entre las 8 y las 9 am en tres momentos diferentes: estado basal(10 días precompetición), medición de la BM y estatura, recolección de muestras de orina y registro de alimentación de las últimas 24 horas; precompetición, medición de BM, muestras de orina y cuestionario de evaluación de pérdida rápida de peso (RWL), y postcompetición (24 h después), día posterior a la competición, con medición de la BM y muestras de orina para análisis de gravedad específica. Resultados. Hubo una tendencia a disminuir la BMpara competir (estado basal: 76,8 ± 14,6 kg, precompetición: 75,4 ± 13,4 kg, postcompetición: 77,3 ± 13,7 kg; p < 0,07), y un 88,2% de atletas utilizaron métodos que aumentan la deshidratación. La mayoría de los atletas estaban deshidratados en los tres momentos del estudio (94,1 %; USG = 1,021 ± 0,005 Usg al inicio, 88,2 %; 1,020 ± 0,007 Usgantes de la competición, 88,2 %; 1,022 ± 0,008 Usg en la postcompetición), mostrando síntomas asociados al RWL(82,4% aumento de la frecuencia cardíaca, 52,9% dolor de cabeza, 47,1% sofocos, 41,2% náuseas, 41,2% desorientación y 29,4% mareos). Conclusiones. Se observó que los atletas de BJJ tuvieron una rápida pérdida de peso precompetitiva y síntomas asociados a la deshidratación. Se recomienda que se promuevan medidas educativas para inhibir el RWL entre los atletas de BJJ, para lo cual es necesaria la participación de profesionales de la salud y de las organizaciones que regulan el deporte (federaciones y confederaciones).[EN] Objective. To measure rapid weight loss and urinary indicators of hydration status, as well as to assess the effects and symptoms of dehydration in Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ) athletes at different moments. Methods. 17 male BJJ athletes (aged: 24.4 ± 3.5 years; body mass (BM): 76.8 ± 14.6 kg; body fat: 16.6 ± 6.4%), were evaluated between 8 and 9 am at three different moments: Baseline (10 days pre- competition), measurement of BM and stature, collection of urine samples, and food record of the previous 24 hours; pre-competition, measurement of BM, urine samples, and questionnaire to assess rapid weight loss (RWL), and post-competition(24h after), day after competition, with measurement of BM, and urine samples for analysis of specific gravity. Results.There was a tendency to decrease BM to compete (baseline: 76.8 ± 14.6 kg, pre-competition: 75.4 ± 13.4 kg, post-competition: 77.3 ± 13.7 kg; p < 0.07), with 88.2% of athletes using methods that increase dehydration. The majority of athletes were dehydrated at the three time points of the study (94.1%; USG = 1.021 ± 0.005 Usg at baseline, 88.2%; 1.020 ± 0.007 Usg at pre-competition, 88.2%; 1.022 ± 0.008 Usg on the post-competition day), accompanied by symptoms associated with RWL (82.4% increased heart rate, 52.9% headache, 47.1% hot flashes, 41.2% nausea, 41.2% disorientation, and 29.4% dizziness). Conclusions.Rapid pre-competitive weight loss and symptoms associated with dehydration were observed in the BJJ athletes. It is recommended that educational measures are promoted to inhibit RWL among BJJ athletes, requiring the engagement of health professionals and organizations that govern the sport (federations and confederations).[PT] Objetivo. Medir a rápida perda de peso e indicadores urinários do estado de hidratação, bem como avaliar os efeitos e sintomas de desidratação em atletas de Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ) em diferentes momentos. Métodos. 17 atletas de Jiu-Jitsu do sexo masculino (idade: 24,4 ± 3,5 anos; massa corporal (MC): 76,8 ± 14,6 kg; gordura corporal: 16,6 ± 6,4%), foram avaliados entre 8 e 9 horas da manhã em três momentos diferentes: Linha de base (10 dias antes da competição), aferição de massa corporal e estatura, coleta de urina e registro alimentar das últimas 24 horas; pré-competição, mensuração de MC, amostras de urina e questionário para avaliação da perda rápida de peso (RWL), e pós-competição (24h após), dia seguinte à competição, com mensuração de MC, e amostras de urina para análise de gravidade específica. Resultados. Houve tendência de diminuição da MC para competir (basal: 76,8 ± 14,6 kg, pré-competição: 75,4 ± 13,4 kg, pós-competição: 77,3 ± 13,7 kg; p < 0,07), com 88,2% dos atletas usando métodos que aumentam a desidratação. A maioria dos atletas estava desidratada nos três momentos do estudo (94,1%; USG = 1,021 ± 0,005 Usg no início, 88,2%; 1,020 ± 0,007 Usg no pré-competição, 88,2%; 1,022 ± 0,008 Usg no pós- dia dacompetição), acompanhada de sintomas associados a RWL (82,4% aumento da frequência cardíaca, 52,9% dor de cabeça, 47,1% ondas de calor, 41,2% náusea, 41,2% desorientação e 29,4% tontura). conclusões. Perda de peso pré-competitiva rápida e sintomas associados à desidratação foram observados nos atletas de Jiu-Jitsu. Recomenda-se que medidas educativas sejam promovidas para inibir o RWL entre os atletas de Jiu-Jitsu, exigindo o engajamento dos profissionais de saúde e dos órgãos que regem o esporte (federações e confederações)