The efficacy of etodolac and ibuprofen, regarding gender, on pain, edema and trismus after impacted lower third molar surgery:a randomized prospective clinical split-mouth study

This study aimed to conduct a randomized prospective study about the efficacy of etodolac and ibuprofen on trismus, pain and edema regarding gender of patients submitted to impacted lower third molar teeth extraction. Thirty patients aging between 16 and 35 year-old were submitted to the exodontia of impacted lower third molars. During the postoperative period, patients received nine ibuprofen (600 mg) or etodolac (300 mg) pills via oral administration immediately after surgery and repeated doses every eight hours during three days. Patients were evaluated regarding pain, trismus and edema. Sixteen men and fourteen women participated of the study. No statistical difference was established regarding gender according to the evaluated parameters. However, etodolac use showed better results regarding pain, trismus and edema. Pain, edema and trismus after impacted third molars extraction were not influenced by gender

Losartan improves alveolar bone dynamics in normotensive rats but not in hypertensive rats

Hypertension is one of the main causes of premature death in the world; also, it is associated with several bone alterations. Preclinical studies have demonstrated delayed alveolar bone healing in hypertensive rats. However, losartan has been favorable for consolidation of bone grafts and reduction in active periodontitis. Therefore, losartan is suggested to be effective in bone formation stages, as well as in the synthesis of matrix proteins and mineralization. Objectives: To evaluate the alveolar bone dynamics in hypertensive rats treated with losartan by laser confocal microscopy and histological analysis. Methodology: Thirty-two rats, 16 spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and 16 Wistar albinus rats, treated or not with losartan (30 mg/kg/day) were used. Calcein fluorochrome at 21 days and alizarin red fluorochrome at 49 days were injected in rats (both 20 mg/kg). The animals were submitted to euthanasia 67 days after treatment, and then the right maxilla was removed for laser confocal microscopy analysis and the left maxilla for histological analysis. Results: This study showed a greater calcium marking in normotensive animals treated with losartan in relation to the other groups. Laser confocal microscopy parameters showed higher values of bone volume formed, mineralized surface, active surface of mineralization and bone formation rate in normotensive animals treated with losartan. However, a smaller mineralized surface was observed in all hypertensive animals. Conclusion: Losartan can improve bone mineralization parameters under normal physiological conditions, but the same anabolic effect does not occur under hypertension

Short term sodium alendronate administration improves the peri-implant bone quality in osteoporotic animals

Sodium alendronate is a bisphosphonate drug that exerts antiresorptive action and is used to treat osteoporosis. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the bone repair process at the bone/implant interface of osteoporotic rats treated with sodium alendronate through the analysis of microtomography, real time polymerase chain reactions and immunohistochemistry (RUNX2 protein, bone sialoprotein (BSP), alkaline phosphatase, osteopontin and osteocalcin). Material and Methods A total of 42 rats were used and divided in to the following experimental groups: CTL: control group (rats submitted to fictitious surgery and fed with a balanced diet), OST: osteoporosis group (rats submitted to a bilateral ovariectomy and fed with a low calcium diet) and ALE: alendronate group (rats submitted to a bilateral ovariectomy, fed with a low calcium diet and treated with sodium alendronate). A surface treated implant was installed in both tibial metaphyses of each rat. Euthanasia of the animals was conducted at 14 (immunhostochemistry) and 42 days (immunohistochemistry, micro CT and PCR). Data were subjected to statistical analysis with a 5% significance level. Results Bone volume (BV) and total pore volume were higher for ALE group (

A SERM increasing the expression of the osteoblastogenesis and mineralization-related proteins and improving quality of bone tissue in an experimental model of osteoporosis

Raloxifene is an antiresorptive drug, selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used in the treatment of osteoporosis. Objective: To evaluate proteins related to bone repair at the peri-implant bone in a rat model of osteoporosis treated with raloxifene. Material and Methods: 72 rats were divided into three groups: SHAM (healthy animals), OVX (ovariectomized animals), and RLX (ovariectomized animals treated with raloxifene). Raloxifene was administered by gavage (1 mg/kg/day). Tibial implantation was performed 30 days after ovariectomy, and animals were euthanized at 14, 42, and 60 days postoperatively. Samples were collected and analyzed by immunohistochemical reactions, molecular analysis, and microtomographic parameters. Results: RLX showed intense staining of all investigated proteins at both time points except for RUNX2. These results were similar to SHAM and opposite to OVX, showing mild staining. The PCR gene expression of OC and ALP values for RLX (P<0.05) followed by SHAM and OVX groups. For BSP data, the highest expression was observed in the RLX groups and the lowest expression was observed in the OVX groups (P<0.05). For RUNX2 data, RLX and SHAM groups showed greater values compared to OVX (P<0.05). At 60 days postoperatively, microtomography parameters, related to closed porosity, showed higher values for (Po.N), (Po.V), and (Po) in RLX and SHAM groups, whereas OVX groups showed lower results (P<0.05); (BV) values (P=0.009); regarding total porosity (Po.tot), RLX group had statistically significant lower values than OVX and SHAM groups (P=0.009). Regarding the open porosity (Po.V and Po), the SHAM group presented the highest values, followed by OVX and RLX groups (P<0.05). The Structural Model Index (SMI), RLX group showed a value closer to zero than SHAM group (P<0.05). Conclusions: Raloxifene had a positive effect on the expression of osteoblastogenesis/mineralization-related proteins and on micro-CT parameters related to peri-implant bone healin

A multicentric, prospective study on oral and maxillofacial trauma in the female population around the world

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Approximately 20% of patients with maxillofacial trauma are women, but few articles have analysed this. The aim of this multicentric, prospective, epidemiological study was to analyse the characteristics of maxillofacial fractures in the female population managed in 14 maxillofacial surgery departments on five continents over a 1‐year period. METHODS: The following data were collected: age (0–18, 19–64, or ≥65 years), cause and mechanism of the maxillofacial fracture, alcohol and/or drug abuse at the time of trauma, fracture site, Facial Injury Severity Scale score, associated injury, day of trauma, timing and type of treatment, and length of hospitalization. RESULTS: Between 30 September 2019 and 4 October 2020, 562 of 2387 patients hospitalized with maxillofacial trauma were females (24%; M: F ratio, 3.2:1) aged between 1 and 96 years (median age, 37 years). Most fractures occurred in patients aged 20–39 years. The main causes were falls (43% [median age, 60.5 years]), which were more common in Australian, European and American units (p < .001). They were followed by road traffic accidents (35% [median age, 29.5 years]). Assaults (15% [median age, 31.5 years]) were statistically associated with alcohol and/or drug abuse (p < .001). Of all patients, 39% underwent open reduction and internal fixation, 36% did not receive surgical treatment, and 25% underwent closed reduction. CONCLUSION: Falls were the main cause of maxillofacial injury in the female population in countries with ageing populations, while road traffic accidents were the main cause in African and some Asian centres, especially in patients ≤65 years. Assaults remain a significant cause of trauma, primarily in patients aged 19–64 years, and they are related to alcohol use

Estudo in vitro das alterações na superfície do titânio comercialmente puro e da liga de titânio Ti -6Al-4V submetida a diferentes tratamentos

Proposição: Neste estudo nós investigamos o efeito dos peróxidos de carbamida a 16% e a 35%, peróxido de hidrogênio 35% e refrigerante de Cola, nas modificações da superfície do titânio comercialmente puro (Ti-cp) e liga Ti-6Al-4V. Materiais e Métodos: Setenta e dois discos de Ti (8 mm de diâmetro, 2 mm de espessura) foram utilizados e divididos em 18 grupos (n = 4) em função do tratamento das soluções e o tipo de Ti. Os espécimes foram mecanicamente polidos utilizando procedimentos metalográficos padrão. Os espécimes foram imersos em 3 ml de peróxido de carbamida a 16% e a 35%, em peróxido de hidrogênio 35% e ao refrigerante de Cola, 4 horas por dia (mantidos secos ou imersos em saliva artificial nas 20 horas restantes), durante 15 dias. Os espécimes do grupo controle foram imersos apenas em saliva artificial ao longo dos 15 dias. A rugosidade de superfícies e a topografia do Ti foram examinados por meio da microscopia de força atômica (AFM) e microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). As modificações químicas das superfícies Ti foram avaliadas por meio da espectroscopia de energia dispersiva (EDS). Os dados foram analisados pela ANOVA de três fatores e o teste de Tukey foi utilizado como técnica post-hoc (α =.05). Resultados: Os grupos imersos em peróxido de hidrogênio 35% apresentaram a maior rugosidade (P 0,05). A MEV e a AFM mostraram maiores alterações...Purpose: In this study we investigated the effect of 16% and 35% carbamide peroxides, 35% hydrogen peroxides and cola soft drink, on the surface modifications of commercially-pure titanium (cp-Ti) and Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Materials and Methods: Seventy-two Ti discs (8-mm diameter, 2-mm thickness) were used and divided into 18 groups (n=4) as a function of solution treatments and Ti type. Samples were mechanically polished using standard metallographic procedures. Samples were immersed into 3 ml of 16% and 35% carbamide peroxides, 35% hydrogen peroxide and cola soft drink at 4 hours per day (kept dried or immersed in artificial saliva in the remaining 20 hours) during 15 days. Control samples were immersed just in artificial saliva throughout the 15 days. Ti surfaces roughness and topography were examined using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The chemical modifications of Ti surfaces were evaluated through energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Data were analyzed by 3-way ANOVA, Tukey’s tests were further used as post-hoc techniques (α=.05). Results: Groups immersed in 35% hydrogen peroxide exhibited the greatest surface roughness (P.05). The SEM and AFM images of Ti surfaces showed higher surface changes for the samples immersed in 16% and 35% carbamide peroxides, and 35% hydrogen peroxide, with greater visible alteration for Ticp. These groups promoted the formation of crevices and pitting on the Ti surfaces. No detectable chemical... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Antimicrobial resistance of aerobes and facultative anaerobes isolated from the oral cavity

OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the resistance to antimicrobials of aerobes and facultative anaerobes isolated from patients wearing complete dentures, patients with gingivitis and periodontitis, and periodontally health subjects. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Three hundred and four isolates were tested. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of the drugs were evaluated through the agar dilution method using Mueller-Hinton agar. RESULTS: The most active antimicrobial drugs were the carbapenems (meropenem and imipenem), and resistance to these drugs was restrict to 1.6-2.3% of the isolates, as well as ciprofloxacin and rifampin. Microbial resistance to ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cefoxitin, cephalothin, amikacin, chloramphenicol and nalidixic acid was particularly high. In most cases, the resistance to &#946;-lactams was mediated by the production of hydrolytic enzymes, especially in gram-negative enteric rods, while enterococci did not evidence production of these enzymes. The association amoxicillin/clavulanic acid was not effective in 28.3% of the tested isolates. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this investigation confirmed that the oral cavity of patients with periodontitis and gingivitis, and particularly edentulous patients wearing complete dentures could harbor microorganisms with several antimicrobial resistance markers, and these microorganisms are frequently implicated in multiresistant, systemic, oral or nosocomial infections