Efeito do número de ciclos térmicos na microinfiltração de restaurações de resina composta

Thermocycling simulates, in vitro, thermal changes that occur in the oral cavity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the number of cycles on microleakage. Class V cavities (1.5 mm deep, 3 mm in height and 3 mm in width) were prepared in bovine teeth, restored with a Single Bond/Z250 restorative system (3M/ESPE) and then divided into five groups of ten teeth each: group 1 was not thermocycled (control group), and groups 2, 3, 4 and 5 were thermocycled 500, 1,000, 2,500 and 5,000 times, respectively (5º-55º ± 2ºC, 15 s dwell time). The teeth were immersed in 0.5% basic fuchsin aqueous solution for 24 h, sectioned and the sections with the highest degree of microleakage were selected, scanned and the extent of dye penetration was measured by the ImageTool program. The results submitted to one-way ANOVA showed no significant differences between the groups (p >; 0.05). The averages of microleakage values in millimeters were: group 1 (3.92); group 2 (3.13); group 3 (4.48); group 4 (4.33) and group 5 (3.42). Thus, it was concluded that there is no relation between the increase of the number of cycles and the increase in microleakage.A ciclagem térmica tem por objetivo simular, in vitro, as mudanças térmicas intra-orais que ocorrem clinicamente. Sendo o seu efeito bastante discutido, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a relação da ciclagem térmica e o número de ciclos na infiltração marginal. Foram confeccionadas cavidades classe V com dimensões de 3 mm de altura, 3 mm de largura e 1,5 mm de profundidade, em dentes bovinos. Os dentes foram restaurados com o sistema Single Bond/Z250 (3M/ESPE) e, então, divididos em 5 grupos de 10 dentes cada: grupo 1 (controle) sem ciclagem; grupos 2, 3, 4 e 5 com 500, 1.000, 2.500 e 5.000 ciclos, respectivamente (5º-55º ± 2ºC, 15 segundos por banho). A seguir, os dentes foram seccionados e analisados em microscópio com 100 X de aumento para a escolha da fatia mais infiltrada, que foi escaneada e quantificada pelo programa ImageTool. Os dados submetidos ao teste ANOVA a um critério não apresentaram diferença significante (p >; 0,05), resultando em valores médios de infiltração em milímetros: grupo 1 (3,92), grupo 2 (3,13), grupo 3 (4,48), grupo 4 (4,33) e grupo 5 (3,42). A análise dos dados permitiu concluir que não há relação entre o aumento do número de ciclos e o aumento da infiltração marginal

Effects of acute mental stress on conditioned pain modulation in temporomandibular disorders patients and healthy individuals

Stress is a contributing factor to painful temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Nevertheless, the underpinnings of this relationship are not fully understood. Objective: To investigate the effects of acute mental stress on conditioned pain modulation (CPM) in TMD patients compared with healthy individuals. Methodology: Twenty women with chronic myofascial TMD diagnosed according to the RDC/TMD and 20 age-matched healthy women had the CPM assessed before and after a stressful task using the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task (PASAT) in a single session. Subjective stress response was assessed with the aid of visual analog scale (VAS). Pressure pain threshold (PPT) on masseter muscle was the test stimulus (TS) and immersion of the participant’s hand on hot water was the conditioning stimulus (CS) - CPM-sequential paradigm. Results: Healthy individuals reported PASAT are more stressful when compared with TMD patients and the stress task did not affect the CPM in neither group. Nonetheless, a negative correlation was observed between change in CPM and change in TS from baseline to post-stress session, which indicates that the greater the increase in PPT after the stress task, the greater was the decrease in CPM magnitude. The correlation was strong for healthy controls (r=- 0.72, p<0.001) and moderate for TMD patients (r=- 0.44, p=0.047). Conclusions: The correlation between the change in CPM and the TS change following the stress task may possibly indicate an overlapping pathway between stress-induced analgesia/hyperalgesia and descending pain inhibition

Caixa de Atividades Diárias para Ratos

This work presents a prototype of an operant conditioning box for mice ”“ named Daily Activities Box for Rats ”“, in which multiple operants can be recorded 24 h per day. The experimental subject can be monitored remotely (seen and heard in real time) by means of a webcam located in front of the box. Furthermore, all the equipment functions can be controlled remotely via internet. This is the first experimental box to gather all these functions, at least in Brazil. Some suggestions of areas of research in which the equipment may be used are presented.Este trabalho apresenta um protótipo de caixa de condicionamento operante para ratos - batizada de Caixa de Atividades Diárias Para Ratos - que permite o registro, 24h por dia, de múltiplos operantes. O sujeito experimental pode ser remotamente monitorado (visto e ouvido em tempo real) por meio de uma webcam localizada na frente da caixa. Além disso, todas as funções do equipamento podem ser controladas remotamente via internet. Trata-se da primeira caixa experimental a reunir todas estas funções, ao menos no Brasil. Algumas sugestões de áreas de pesquisa em que o equipamento poderia ser utilizado são apresentadas

Can palpation-induced muscle pain pattern contribute to the differential diagnosis among temporomandibular disorders, primary headaches phenotypes and possible bruxism?

Background: The evaluation of possible differences in the distribution or characteristics of palpation-induced pain in the masticatory muscles could be valuable in terms of diagnostic assessment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of different combinations of anterior temporalis (AT) and masseter palpation-induced pain in the diagnostic of temporomandibular disorder (TMD), primary headaches and bruxism. Material and Methods: A total of 1200 dental records of orofacial pain adult patients were analyzed. The outcomes were dichotomously classified (presence/absence) as following: a) AT and/or masseter palpation-induced pain; b) myogenous TMD; c) temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthralgia (arthrogenous TMD); d) migraine; e) tension-type headache (TTH); f) self-reported bruxism. Binomial logistic regression model (α = 5%) was applied to the data considering the palpation-induced muscle pain as the dependent variable. Results: Mean age (SD) were 35.7 years (13.4) for 635 included dental records (83% females). Myogenous and arthrogenous TMD, migraine, TTH and bruxism were mainly associated with, respectively, masseter palpationinduced pain (p<0.001 - OR=5.77, 95%CI 3.86-8.62), AT or masseter palpation-induced pain (p<0.001 - OR=2.39, 95%CI 1.57-3.63), bilateral AT palpation-induced pain (p<0.001 - OR=2.67, 95%CI 1.64-4.32), masseter and AT palpation-induced pain (p=0.009 - OR=1.62, 95%CI 1.12-2.33) and bilateral masseter palpation-induced pain (p=0.01 - OR=1.74, 95%CI 1.13-2.69). Conclusions: Palpation-induced pain in the masticatory muscles may play a role in the differential diagnosis among painful TMD, primary headaches and bruxis

Culpas e traumas no pós-Segunda Guerra em O leitor

Após a Segunda Guerra Mundial, diversos traumas e interditos assombraram o mundo contemporâneo que passou a se ver diante de situações difíceis de explicar ou de mal entendidos sobre as ações e culpas de diferentes sujeitos, nos massacres perpetrados pelos nazistas contra judeus. A obra O leitor, do jurista e literato alemão Bernhard Schlink, possibilita mergulhar no julgamento de Hanna, acusada de liderar um massacre contra mulheres judias e adentrar nas dolorosas memórias da Segunda Guerra, para analisar as culpas de diferentes sujeitos que vivenciaram aquele período e indagar sobre as possibilidades de terem feito algo contra os expurgos e massacres fascistas que se alastraram pela Europa

Deep pain sensitivity is correlated with oral-health-related quality of life but not with prosthetic factors in complete denture wearers

Low pressure Pain Threshold (PPT) is considered a risk factor for Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) and is influenced by psychological variables. Objectives To correlate deep pain sensitivity of masticatory muscles with prosthetic factors and Oral-Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) in completely edentulous subjects. Material and Methods A total of 29 complete denture wearers were recruited. The variables were: a) Pressure Pain Threshold (PPT) of the masseter and temporalis; b) retention, stability, and tooth wear of dentures; c) Vertical Dimension of Occlusion (VDO); d) Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) adapted to orofacial pain. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, the Pearson Product-Moment correlation coefficient, the Spearman Rank correlation coefficient, the Point-Biserial correlation coefficient, and the Bonferroni correction (α=1%) were applied to the data. Results The mean age (standard deviation) of the participants was of 70.1 years (9.5) and 82% of them were females. There were no significant correlations with prosthetic factors, but significant negative correlations were found between the OHIP and the PPT of the anterior temporalis (r=-0.50, 95% CI-0.73 to 0.17, p=0.005). Discussion The deep pain sensitivity of masticatory muscles in complete dentures wearers is associated with OHRQoL, but not with prosthetic factors

Primary headaches interfere with the efficacy of temporomandibular disorders management

OBJECTIVES: This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the influence of Primary Headache (PH) on efficacy of a Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) conservative therapy and its association with the presence of self-reported parafunctional habits. SAMPLE AND METHODS: Sample was composed of 400 medical records, divided into four groups: I) Muscular TMD (n=64); II) Muscular TMD+PH (n=48); III) Muscular TMD+Articular TMD (n=173); IV) Muscular TMD+Articular TMD+PH (n=115). All groups had undergone a TMD therapy for three months with a stabilization appliance and counseling for habits and behavioral changes, with no specific headache management. Current pain intensity and existence or not of self-reported bruxism were assessed. Repeated measures ANOVA and Chi-Square test followed by Odds were used for statistical analysis, with a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: results of this study showed that: (1) A conservative therapy with stabilization appliance and counseling for habits and behavioral changes was effective in the TMD pain relief; (2) Groups with an additional diagnosis of PH had worsened the pain improvement significantly; and (3) no association between the presence of self-reported bruxism and PH was found. CONCLUSIONS: this study could elucidate the important effect that headache may have on the TMD management

Avaliação da bioequivalência entre duas formulações de Trazodona – comprimidos revestidos de 100 mg

Introdução: A trazodona é um antidepressivo atípico derivado da triazolopiridina, indicado para o tratamento da depressão com ou sem episódios de ansiedade, dor associada à neuropatia diabética e outros tipos de dor crônica. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a bioequivalência entre a formulação teste de Trazodona 100 mg (Sanofi Medley Farmacêutica Ltda) e o produto de referência, Donaren (Apsen Farmacêutica S/A) de acordo com a legislação vigente. Método: Foi realizado um estudo cruzado, aberto, randomizado, de dose única com indivíduos saudáveis ​​de ambos os sexos. A fase clínica foi realizada com 48 indivíduos que receberam os medicamentos em condições de alimentação. A fármaco foi quantificado no plasma por cromatografia líquida acoplada a espectrometria de massas (LC-MS/MS). A avaliação da bioequivalência foi baseada em critérios de aceitação pré-definidos de 80,00 – 125,00% para o intervalo de confiança de 90% para a razão dos produtos teste e referência para os dados log-transformados da área sob a curva (ASC) e da concentração plasmática máxima (Cmax), conforme recomendação da Anvisa. Resultados: As razões geométricas médias (intervalos de confiança de 90%) para Cmax e ASC0-t foram 103,22% (96,13 – 110,84) e 99,06% (94,80 – 103,150), respectivamente. Não houve eventos adversos durante o estudo. Conclusão: As formulações teste e de referência foram consideradas estatisticamente bioequivalentes de acordo com os requisitos regulatórios. A formulação do teste tem sido disponibilizada no mercado local, contribuindo para o acesso da população a medicamentos genéricos de qualidade para o tratamento de transtornos depressivos

Temporomandibular joint disc displacement with reduction: a review of mechanisms and clinical presentation

Erratu

Short-term transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation reduces pain and improves the masticatory muscle activity in temporomandibular disorder patients: a randomized controlled trial

Studies to assess the effects of therapies on pain and masticatory muscle function are scarce. Objective To investigate the short-term effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) by examining pain intensity, pressure pain threshold (PPT) and electromyography (EMG) activity in patients with temporomandibular disorder (TMD). Material and Methods Forty patients with myofascial TMD were enrolled in this randomized placebo-controlled trial and were divided into two groups: active (n=20) and placebo (n=20) TENS. Outcome variables assessed at baseline (T0), immediately after (T2) and 48 hours after treatment (T1) were: pain intensity with the aid of a visual analogue scale (VAS); PPT of masticatory and cervical structures; EMG activity during mandibular rest position (MR), maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and habitual chewing (HC). Two-way ANOVA for repeated measures was applied to the data and the significance level was set at 5%. Results There was a decrease in the VAS values at T1 and T2 when compared with T0 values in the active TENS group (