Generations Apart: Xers and Boomers in the Officer Corps

The author addresses the junior officer attrition problem by identifying and discussing the disparity between senior and junior officers in terms of generational differences. Officers from the Baby Boom Generation think and perceive things differently than officers from Generation X. Using empirical evidence to support the generational differences literature, the author points out that Generation X officers are more confident in their abilities, perceive loyalty differently, want more balance between work and family, and are not intimidated by rank. Additionally, while pay is important to Generation X officers, it alone will not keep junior officers from leaving. The solutions presented in the monograph range from strategic policies changing the Army as an organization to operational leadership actions affecting the face-to-face interaction between senior and junior officers.https://press.armywarcollege.edu/monographs/1841/thumbnail.jp

Developing Adaptive Leaders: The Crucible Experience of Operation Iraqi Freedom

The author examines the Operation IRAQI FREEDOM environment and concludes that the complexity, unpredictability, and ambiguity of postwar Iraq is producing a cohort of innovative, confident, and adaptable junior officers. They are learning to make decisions in chaotic conditions and to be mentally agile in executing counterinsurgency and nation-building operations simultaneously. As a result, the Army will soon have a cohort of company grade officers who are accustomed to operating independently, taking the initiative, and adapting to changes. The author warns that the Army must now acknowledge and encourage this newly developed adaptability in our junior officers or risk stifling the innovation critically needed in the Army\u27s future leaders.https://press.armywarcollege.edu/monographs/1766/thumbnail.jp

Stifled Innovation? Developing Tomorrow\u27s Leaders Today

The author examines the current company commander experience and concludes that the Army values innovation in its rhetoric, but the reality is that junior officers are seldom given opportunities to be innovative in planning training; to make decisions; or to fail, learn, and try again. If the transformed Army will require leaders who can operate independently in the absence of close supervision, the current leader development experience of company command will have to change. Consequently, the author asks for senior leaders not to do more, but to do less and thus give subordinates more freedom to innovate.https://press.armywarcollege.edu/monographs/1824/thumbnail.jp

Vocabulary learning strategies for Second or Foreign Language (SFL) Students of Missionary-run Colleges in Bangladesh

One of the crucial challenges that learners face for processing second or foreign language SFL learning is learning vocabulary Vocabulary is recognized as vital to language use in which insufficient vocabulary knowledge of the learners led to difficulties a SFL learning Thus in the case of learning the vocabulary in a SFL students need to be educated with vocabulary learning strategies Investigation for learning vocabulary and its connection to reading has become significant in the field of research in SFL acquisition Since reading requires precise and spontaneous word recognition skills learners need to be equipped with sufficient vocabulary knowledge to read fluently Yet for many SFL learners reading is a suffocating slow process Anderson 1991 One of the causes or often experienced by the students is that they don t have enough vocabulary knowledge As a result they tend to surrender to understand the semantics of the text or skip reading the word sentence and even the paragraph due to the unfamiliar words These circumstances propose that some learners may not have enough skills to handle the unfamiliar word

Lying to Ourselves: Dishonesty in the Army Profession

Untruthfulness is surprisingly common in the U.S. military even though members of the profession are loath to admit it. Further, much of the deception and dishonesty that occurs in the profession of arms is actually encouraged and sanctioned by the military institution. The end result is a profession whose members often hold and propagate a false sense of integrity that prevents the profession from addressing—or even acknowledging—the duplicity and deceit throughout the formation. It takes remarkable courage and candor for leaders to admit the gritty shortcomings and embarrassing frailties of the military as an organization in order to better the military as a profession. Such a discussion, however, is both essential and necessary for the health of the military profession.https://press.armywarcollege.edu/monographs/1465/thumbnail.jp

Changing Minds In The Army: Why It Is So Difficult and What To Do About It

View the Executive SummaryHistory and organizational studies both demonstrate that changing one’s mind is quite difficult, even in the face of overwhelming evidence that this change needs to occur. This monograph explains how smart, professional, and incredibly performance-oriented Army senior leaders develop frames of reference and then oftentimes cling to their outdated frames in the face of new information. It describes the influence of individual-level concepts—personality, cognitive dissonance reduction, the hardwiring of the brain, the imprints of early career events, and senior leader intuition—along with group level factors to explain how frames of reference are established, exercised, and rewarded. It concludes by offering recommendations to senior leaders on how to structure Army leader development systems to create leaders comfortable with changing their minds when the environment dictates.https://press.armywarcollege.edu/monographs/1514/thumbnail.jp

Laban Movement Analysis as a Methodology for Promoting Creativity and the Arts Across the Curriculum

The purpose of this qualitative participatory action-research study was to explore how four elementary school teachers incorporated Laban Movement Analysis (LMA) methodology, in particular the eight Effort Qualities (Dell, 1977) (light/soft or strong/powerful, fast/quick or slow/sustained, direct or indirect/flexible, and bound/close or free/open), across their curriculum and instruction. The study took place at both an urban parochial elementary school and an urban private school. Stories were collected through interviews, journals, lesson plans, e-mails, mail, and photos using a qualitative methodology over a period of 2½ months. Teachers came up with their own research questions and answered them throughout the study. In the final collaborative analysis (both participants and researcher) findings showed that when the teachers incorporated LMA in their curriculum and instruction, they became more creative, observant, and articulate and had a better understanding of human movement and expression. Results from the study indicated that for all four teachers, when exploring and incorporating LMA in their pedagogy, improvements occurred in pacing, movement, and expression as well as a better understanding of their behavior. In addition, teachers using LMA implemented more creativity and arts into non-arts disciplines, which enhanced and deepened their student\u27s motivation, expression, and learning capacity

ASEAN 2015 INTEGRATION AND IMPLICATION FOR PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORT

ASEAN formed on 8th August 1967 will be integrated in 2015 with a charter a legal frameworkand based on 3 pillars:-(1) Socio-Cultural Community(2) Economic Community(3) Political-Security CommunityThe future of our ASEAN people depends on ASEAN 2015 Integration.(1) ASEAN population is the 3rd largest in Asia with 600 million after India,China.(2) Our economy is valued at US$1.85 trillion in 2008. ASEAN is the 3rd largest in Asia afterJapan and China with GDP$1506 billion (2008), China $4402, Japan$4924. ASEAN GDP increased170% over the past decade.(3) US foreign direct investment (FDI) into ASEAN totaled $130 billion (2007) the largestdestination for US in Asia.(4) ASEAN is the 3rd largest US trading partner in Asia after China and Japan.(5) US exports to ASEAN$66 billion in 2008 up 6.2% from 2002.(6) ASEAN’s 3rd largest export market is US-12%, Japan-12%, China-10%, India-3%.(7) ASEAN does 6% of all world trade.

Veteran Disability Compensation and the Army Profession: Good Intentions Gone Awry

Previous studies analyzing disability compensation have decried its $76 billion annual budget or warned of its perverse ability to incentivize veterans not to work. This study focuses on the impact of this moral hazard on the US Army profession. If soldiers continue to capitalize on an extremely permissive disability system, the trust between society and the military may be threatened, and future Army readiness may be jeopardized should disability compensation be added to the marginal cost of a soldier. More importantly, many of today’s soldiers are rationalizing disability compensation as something owed to them—not for a debilitating injury, but for the hardships of service to the nation. This study uses US Army and Department of Veterans Affairs personnel files, soldier interviews, and discussions with senior leaders to support its conclusions. The intent of the study is to prompt the Army profession to act before the culture surrounding disability compensation becomes permanent. In the end, the essence of the entitlement—taking care of veterans—must remain sacrosanct. This call for reform is driven not by fiscal considerations, but by a desire for the Army to remain both an institution trusted by society and a profession marked by selfless service.https://press.armywarcollege.edu/monographs/1921/thumbnail.jp

Design of the Next Generation Aircraft Noise Prediction Program: ANOPP2

The requirements, constraints, and design of NASA's next generation Aircraft NOise Prediction Program (ANOPP2) are introduced. Similar to its predecessor (ANOPP), ANOPP2 provides the U.S. Government with an independent aircraft system noise prediction capability that can be used as a stand-alone program or within larger trade studies that include performance, emissions, and fuel burn. The ANOPP2 framework is designed to facilitate the combination of acoustic approaches of varying fidelity for the analysis of noise from conventional and unconventional aircraft. ANOPP2 integrates noise prediction and propagation methods, including those found in ANOPP, into a unified system that is compatible for use within general aircraft analysis software. The design of the system is described in terms of its functionality and capability to perform predictions accounting for distributed sources, installation effects, and propagation through a non-uniform atmosphere including refraction and the influence of terrain. The philosophy of mixed fidelity noise prediction through the use of nested Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings surfaces is presented and specific issues associated with its implementation are identified. Demonstrations for a conventional twin-aisle and an unconventional hybrid wing body aircraft configuration are presented to show the feasibility and capabilities of the system. Isolated model-scale jet noise predictions are also presented using high-fidelity and reduced order models, further demonstrating ANOPP2's ability to provide predictions for model-scale test configurations