A New Approach to Non-CMA/CA Areas

Non-metropolitan areas in Canada are often simply referred as rural Canada, without enough attention paid to their inner differences. The Metropolitan Influence Zones (MIZ) conceptual framework allows us to divide non-metropolitan areas into No Metropolitan Influence Zone (No MIZ), Weak Metropolitan Influence Zone (Weak MIZ), and Moderate Metropolitan Influence Zone (Moderate MIZ), according to the commuting flows to and from metropolitan areas. Analyses on New Brunswick show that the nonmetropolitan population are economically disadvantaged overall compared to metropolitan population. However, there are substantial differences within nonmetropolitan areas. Population in the No Metropolitan Influence Zone do not appear to be the most disadvantaged economically. In so far as the No Metropolitan Zone may be regarded as the most rural, this casts doubt on the conventional wisdom regarding "rural" as the synonym of socio-economic disadvantage. In fact, the urban population in the No Metropolitan Influence Zone is shown to be the most disadvantaged economically. The pattern in Saskatchewan is quite different from New Brunswick. In general, median family income decreases, unemployment rate and incidence of low income families increase as the influence of metropolitan areas decreases. Together with the findings concerning New Brunswick, it is clear that non-metropolitan Canada is anything but homogeneous. More research is needed to bring out this diversity so that social policies can be better tailored to the needs of non-metropolitan Canadian population.Community/Rural/Urban Development,

Rallying Round Our Liberty

https://mds.marshall.edu/music_rec/1001/thumbnail.jp

Severely Dependent Alcohol Abusers May Be Vulnerable To Alcohol Cues in Television Programs

The self-reported ability of 96 alcohol abusers to resist the urge to drink heavily was assessed after they viewed a videotape of a popular prime time television program complete with advertisements. Different versions of the videotape were used to evaluate the effects of a television program with and without alcohol scenes as crossed with the effects of three different types of commercials (i.e., beer, nonalcoholic beverages, food). Before and after viewing the videotape, subjects, who were led to believe that they were participating in two separate and unrelated sets of experimental procedures, completed several drinking questionnaires. Responses to one of the questionnaires provided an unobtrusive measure of self-reported ability to resist the urge to drink heavily. Results indicated that alcohol cues in a television program affected some alcohol abusers\u27 perceived ability to resist the urge to drink heavily. In particular, those with higher alcohol dependence scores showed a decrease in confidence after viewing a television program with alcohol cues compared to subjects who watched the same program but without the alcohol scenes. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed. Until further research is forthcoming, given the artificial nature of the study setting, the results of this study must be viewed with some caution

HeI Photoelectron Spectra of o,o’-Bridged Biphenyls by 2-X-Propylene (X = O, S, SO, NCH3) Chains

Hel photoelectron (PE) spectra of 1,11-dimethyl-5,7-dihydro-di-benzo[c,e]oxepine (1), 1,11-dimethyl-5,7-dihydro-dibenzo[c,e]thie-pine (2), 1,11-dimethyl-5,7-dihydro-dibenzo[c,e]thiepine-S-oxide(3), 1,6,11-trimethyl-6,7-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[c,e]azepine (4), and 5,11-di-methyl-4,5,6,10,11,12-hexahydro-5,11-diaza-dibenzo[ef,kl]heptalene (5) have been measured. The low energy region of the spectra has been analyzed using semiempirical PM3, AM1 and MNDO SCF MO calculations (assuming the validity of Koopmans’ theorem (Physica 1 (1934) 104) as well as empirical arguments (Franck-Condon (FC) envelopes) and correlation with PE spectra of similar molecules. Their electronic structure might be responsible for their Chemical properties

The Use of a Formative Pedagogy Lens to Enhance and Maintain Virtual Supervisory Relationships:Appreciative Inquiry and Critical Review

BACKGROUND: Virtual supervisory relationships provide an infrastructure for flexible learning, global accessibility, and outreach, connecting individuals worldwide. The surge in web-based educational activities in recent years provides an opportunity to understand the attributes of an effective supervisor-student or mentor-student relationship. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to compare the published literature (through a critical review) with our collective experiences (using small-scale appreciative inquiry [AI]) in an effort to structure and identify the dilemmas and opportunities for virtual supervisory and mentoring relationships, both in terms of stakeholder attributes and skills as well as providing instructional recommendations to enhance virtual learning. METHODS: A critical review of the literature was conducted followed by an AI of reflections by the authors. The AI questions were derived from the 4D AI framework. RESULTS: Despite the multitude of differences between face-to-face and web-based supervision and mentoring, four key dilemmas seem to influence the experiences of stakeholders involved in virtual learning: informal discourses and approachability of mentors; effective virtual communication strategies; authenticity, trust, and work ethics; and sense of self and cultural considerations. CONCLUSIONS: Virtual mentorship or supervision can be as equally rewarding as an in-person relationship. However, its successful implementation requires active acknowledgment of learners’ needs and careful consideration to develop effective and mutually beneficial student-educator relationships

Effects of early mobilization on the incidence of postoperative complications in patients undergoing thoracoscopy: a randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND: mobilization is crucial for reducing postoperative complications. In literature no precise inidications exist regarding mobilization timing and posture after thoracoscopy. This study aims to compare the effects of early Fowler’s position (first 6 hours after surgery) with bedrest in supine position for the first 24 hours. METHODS: open-label clinical trial, on 28 patients undergoing thoracoscopy. The subjects were randomly allocated to be mobilized in Fowler's position within 45min after surgery up to 6h (study group) or to maintain recumbent position until the first postoperative day. Forced vital expiration (FEV1) was measured after 6 and 24 hours from surgery. Chest X-ray was performed immediately after surgery and on the first postoperative day. RESULTS: the cases of atelectasis in the study group decreased from 53.3% to 20.0% (control group: from 69.2% to 46.2%). FEV1 showed statistically significant improvement in the study group both after 6 and 24 hours from surgery (p<.001). CONCLUSIONS: early mobilization in Fowler's position improves respiratory outcomes by reducing the episodes of atelectasis. It also results in clinically relevant improvement in FEV1 if compared to recumbent position.INTRODUZIONE: la mobilizzazione è fondamentale per ridurre le complicanze postoperatorie. In letteratura non esistono criteri precisi per quanto riguarda i tempi di mobilizzazione e la postura dopo la toracoscopia. Questo studio mira a confrontare gli effetti della mobilizzazione precoce (entro le prime 6 ore dopo l'intervento chirurgico) in posizione di Fowler  e la posizione supina per le prime 24 ore. METODI: studio sperimentale a due bracci, in aperto con arruolamento di 28 pazienti sottoposti a toracoscopia. I soggetti sono stati assegnati in modo casuale alla mobilizzazione in posizione di Fowler entro 45 minuti dopo l'intervento chirurgico fino a 6 ore (gruppo di studio) o per mantenere la posizione supina fino al primo giorno postoperatorio. La variabile dipendente studiata era il volume espiratorio massimo nel 1° secondo (FEV1) dopo 6 e 24 ore dall'intervento chirurgico. La radiografia del torace è stata eseguita subito dopo l'intervento chirurgico e il primo giorno postoperatorio. RISULTATI: i casi di atelettasia nel gruppo di studio sono diminuiti dal 53.3% al 20.0% (gruppo di controllo: dal 69.2% al 46.2%). Il FEV1 ha mostrato un miglioramento statisticamente significativo nel gruppo di studio sia dopo 6 che dopo 24 ore dall'intervento chirurgico (p<.001). CONCLUSIONI: la mobilizzazione precoce nella posizione di Fowler sembra migliorare i risultati respiratori riducendo gli episodi di atelettasia; si traduce anche in un miglioramento clinicamente rilevante del FEV1 rispetto alla posizione supina. I risultati attuali devono essere confermati su campioni ampi e stratificati

Identification and inhibition of carbonic anhydrases from nematodes.

Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are metalloenzymes, and classified into the evolutionarily distinct α, β, γ, δ, ζ, and η classes. α-CAs are present in many living organisms. β- and γ-CAs are expressed in most prokaryotes and eukaryotes, except for vertebrates. δ- and ζ-CAs are present in phytoplanktons, and η-CAs have been found in Plasmodium spp. Since the identification of α- and β-CAs in Caenorhabditis elegans, the nematode CAs have been considered as an emerging target in research focused on antiparasitic CA inhibitors. Despite the presence of α-CAs in both helminths and vertebrates, structural studies have revealed different kinetic and inhibition results. Moreover, lack of β-CAs in vertebrates makes this enzyme as an attractive target for inhibitory studies against helminthic infection. Some CA inhibitors, such as sulfonamides, have been evaluated against nematode CAs. This review article aims to present comprehensive information about the nematode CAs and their inhibitors as potential anthelminthic drugs

Infectious Morbidity After Radical Vulvectomy

Objective: This retrospective investigation describes the infectious morbidity of patients following radical vulvectomy with or without inguinal lymph node dissection

Comparison of DC and RF for lesioning white and grey matter

The morphology of brain lesions produced by anodal direct current and by radio frequency current was compared. The lesions were placed within or adjacent to number of myelinated fiber tracts of the forebrain and brain stem using a range of common current parameters. It was found that with the parameters used anodal current was relatively ineffective for destroying fiber tracts while radio frequency was equally effective for fiber tracts and cellular areas. Thus, differential applicabilities of these two lesion methods are indicated. Additional observations were made on the effect of cathode location upon the shape of anodal direct current lesions. There was a tendency for the anodal lesion to be drawn in the direction of the cathode but the effect was small and inconsistent and therefore its usefulness for controlling the shapes of anodal lesions seems minimal.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/22350/1/0000796.pd