Deterring poaching in western Tanzania: The presence of wildlife researchers

Illegal poaching threatens wildlife across Africa. Historically and even today, conservationists have lobbied local and national governments to create and better manage protected lands to reduce this threat. In many cases, however, governments are either unable or unwilling to invest further resources in exclusive protected areas, such as national parks. In addition to traditional methods, or where such approaches are not feasible, a complimentary form of protection is researcher presence, which has been described recently to deter wildlife poaching. We present data over four years that assesses the impact of researcher presence on wildlife and snare encounter rate in an unprotected area in western Tanzania, where there is a mid-term chimpanzee study ongoing. We systematically collected spatiotemporal presence data on the nine, most common mammal species in the study area, as well as all snares. Snare encounter rates increased with distance from researcher base station, whilst overall mammal encounter rates decreased. Further, mammal encounter rates have increased each year since the arrival and permanence of researchers in this remote area. Our findings have implications for the benefits of researcher presence, namely in deterring poaching, especially in unprotected areas with minimal governmental surveillance

Migration drivers and migration choice: interrogating responses to migration and development interventions in West Africa

The notion of migration as being at least partly about ‘choice’ is deeply rooted in both academic thought and public policy. Recent contributions have considered migration choice as step-wise in nature, involving a separation between ‘aspiration’ and ‘ability’ to migrate, whilst stressing a range of non-economic factors that influence migration choices. But such nuances have not prevented the emergence of a significant area of public policy that seeks to influence choices to migrate from Africa through ‘irregular’ channels, or at all, through a range of development interventions. This paper explores evidence from West Africa on how young people formulate the boundaries of such choice. Drawing on approaches in anthropology and elsewhere that stress the value of a ‘future-orientated’ lens, we show how present uncertainty is a central framing that fundamentally limits the value of thinking about migration as a choice. This has important implications for policy on ‘migration and development’

International development interventions and migration choices. The final report of the MIGCHOICE project

The MIGCHOICE project set out to ask how and to what extent development interventions affect people\u2019s migration aspirations, decisions and movement, focusing in particular on three countries in West Africa \u2013 Senegal, Guinea and The Gambia. It forms part of \u2018Outcome 4\u2019 of the Safety, Support and Solutions in the Central Mediterranean Route Phase II (SSSII) programme, funded by the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office, and coordinated by the International Organization for Migration (IOM). As we noted in our inception phase report, asking how development interventions influence migration is a wide-ranging question, and one that merits a multi-disciplinary and multi-method approach. Over the period in which the project has run (June 2019\u2013March 2021), we have sought to apply such an approach, focusing in on a series of sites where external development interventions are numerous, and aspirations to migrate are high

Utilisation de microorganismes immobilises pour la fabrication de biere ou boissons derivees

SIGLEAvailable at INIST (FR), Document Supply Service, under shelf-number : AR 14279 / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc