7 research outputs found
Identification de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques dans la fibrose pulmonaire idiopathique : Etude du récepteur CD206 et des protéines de choc thermique HSP27 et αB-crystallin
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a rare, chronic and progressive parenchymal lung disease of unknown origin, the most abundant form of adult interstitial lung diseases (ILD). It is characterized by myofibroblast proliferation and an increase in extracellular matrix production, mainly collagen into pulmonary parenchyma that dramatically and irreversibly impaired respiratory function. IPF is a fatal disease, with a median survival time around 5 years after diagnosis, and which occurs mainly after 60 years. Except pirfenidone and nintedanib that may slightly delay clinical worsening, no pharmacologic treatment is currently available. It becomes crucial that laboratories continue their work exploring new pathways of interest in IPF and propose new and efficient therapeutic targets/drugs for fibrosis.TGF-b1 is a key cytokine to orchestrate fibrosis by favoring myofibroblast proliferation and differentiation. This phenomenon is regulated partially by immune cells including macrophages. Heat shock proteins (HSP), notably HSP27 and aB-crystallin, are other mediators known to be involved in fibrogenesis. My thesis work consisted in 1) studying the interest of macrophagic receptor CD206 as diagnosis marker and target to limit fibrosis progression, 2) investigating the role of extracellular HSP27 in the development of lung fibrosis, 3) testing the effect of an antisens oligonucleotide against aB-crystallin to limit efficiently disease progression.Our work shows the increase of CD206 expression in fibrotic conditions in human and mouse macrophages. The use of radiotracer detecting specifically CD206, 99mTc-Tilmanocept, is able to quantify it. Interestingly, radioactive signal is decreased by nintedanib treatment as well as by M2 macrophages inhibitor, tofacitinib, in mice treated by bleomycin. In addition, tofacitinib treatment is also able to limit the development of lung fibrosis by limiting macrophage infiltration and CD206 expression. This work suggests to use CD206 to IPF diagnosis and the interest to develop CD206 inhibitors to treat lung fibrosis. In the second part, my work highlights HSP27 secretion by pulmonary cells in pro-fibrotic conditions and the colocalisation of this protein with TLR2 and 4. In consequence of the increase in extracellular HSP27 concentration, we observe that myofibroblastic transition of pulmonary cells, induced by TGF-b1 treatment, is potentiated. Furthermore, HSP27 secretion by lung cells also induces macrophage activation and their expression of pro-fibrotic cytokines. In addition, we show that its depletion limits myofibroblast transition induced by TGF-b1. Ours results assed that extracellular HSP27 is a pro-fibrotic intercellular mediator, which inhibition may be useful to reduce pulmonary fibrosis progression. In the last part, we compare a lipid modified antisens oligonucleotide against aB-crystallin with the first generation one. Unfortunately, our results do not show a real interest of this compound compared to the first generation one for limiting pulmonary fibrotic processes.To conclude, my thesis works suggest new diagnosis and treatment options for pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting macrophagic CD206 receptor and extracellular form of HSP27La fibrose pulmonaire idiopathique (FPI) est une maladie rare, qui constitue la forme la plus frĂ©quence de pneumopathie interstitielle diffuse de lâadulte. Elle se caractĂ©rise par une accumulation massive de matrice extracellulaire, principalement de collagĂšne, dans le parenchyme pulmonaire, ce qui entraine une altĂ©ration dramatique et irrĂ©versible de la fonction respiratoire. La FPI est une pathologie mortelle qui survient principalement aprĂšs 60 ans, et sa mĂ©diane de survie est dâenviron 5 ans aprĂšs diagnostic. Il nâexiste aucun traitement curatif. A ce jour seuls 2 mĂ©dicaments, la pirfĂ©nidone et le nintĂ©danib ont Ă©tĂ© validĂ©s dans cette indication, mais ils ne permettent que de ralentir trĂšs modĂ©rĂ©ment son Ă©volution. La recherche visant Ă mieux caractĂ©riser les mĂ©canismes physiopathologiques de la FPI ainsi que le dĂ©veloppement de nouveaux traitements est donc crucial pour les patients.La maladie se caractĂ©rise par la production massive de cellules myofibroblastiques issus de la transformation des autres cellules pulmonaires. Le TGF-b1; est une cytokine clĂ©e stimulant cette transformation. On sait que ce processus est rĂ©gulĂ©, notamment par les cellules de lâimmunitĂ© dont les macrophages. Les protĂ©ines de choc thermique (HSP) et en particulier HSP27 et aB-crystallin sont dâautres modulateurs connus des mĂ©canismes de fibrogenĂšse.Mon travail de thĂšse a consistĂ© 1) Ă Ă©tudier lâintĂ©rĂȘt de lâutilisation du rĂ©cepteur macrophagique CD206 comme marqueur diagnostique et comme cible Ă inhiber pour limiter le dĂ©veloppement de la fibrose, 2) Ă Ă©tudier le rĂŽle dâHSP27 prĂ©sente spĂ©cifiquement dans le compartiment extracellulaire dans le dĂ©veloppement de la fibrose pulmonaire, 3) Ă tester les effets dâun oligonuclĂ©otide antisens dirigĂ© contre aB-crystallin pour sâopposer au dĂ©veloppement de la maladie.Nos travaux ont permis de montrer lâaugmentation de lâexpression du rĂ©cepteur macrophagique CD206 en cas de fibrose dans les macrophages pulmonaires humains et murins. Le traitement des macrophages par un radiotraceur dirigĂ© sur le CD206, le tilmanocept permet de quantifier son expression, et celle-ci est diminuĂ©e par le nintĂ©danib, et par un inhibiteur des macrophages M2, le tofacitinib. Le traitement par tofacitinib permet aussi de limiter le dĂ©veloppement de la fibrose chez la souris, tout en limitant le recrutement des macrophages. Ce travail suggĂšre lâutilitĂ© du CD206 pour le diagnostic de la FPI et lâintĂ©rĂȘt de dĂ©velopper des inhibiteurs pour le traitement de la fibrose. Dans la 2Ăš partie, mes travaux montrent quâHSP27 est sĂ©crĂ©tĂ©e par les cellules pulmonaires en conditions pro-fibrosantes, quâelle est capable alors dâinteragir avec les rĂ©cepteurs TLR2 et TLR4. La consĂ©quence est une potentialisation de la transformation myofibroblastique des cellules pulmonaires induite par le TGF-b1;. HSP27 sĂ©crĂ©tĂ©e par les cellules pulmonaires induit aussi une activation des cellules macrophagiques et lâexpression de cytokines pro-fibrosantes. Nous avons montrĂ© quâHSP27 se comporterait comme un mĂ©diateur intercellulaire pro-fibrosant, et que son inhibition constituait un intĂ©rĂȘt pour limiter le dĂ©veloppement de la maladie. Dans la 3Ăšme partie de ce travail, nous avons testĂ© un oligonuclĂ©otide antisens dirigĂ© contre aB-crystallin et modifiĂ© par conjugaison lipidique. Ce travail nâa pas montrĂ© lâintĂ©rĂȘt de ce composĂ© vis-Ă -vis de lâoligonuclĂ©otide de premiĂšre gĂ©nĂ©ration pour limiter les processus profibrosants.En conclusion, mon travail a permis dâouvrir de nouvelles pistes de diagnostic et de traitement en relation avec un rĂ©cepteur macrophagique le CD206 et une protĂ©ine de choc thermique HSP27
Identification of new therapeutics target in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis : Study of CD206 receptor and heat shock protein HSP27 and αB-crystallin
La fibrose pulmonaire idiopathique (FPI) est une maladie rare, qui constitue la forme la plus frĂ©quence de pneumopathie interstitielle diffuse de lâadulte. Elle se caractĂ©rise par une accumulation massive de matrice extracellulaire, principalement de collagĂšne, dans le parenchyme pulmonaire, ce qui entraine une altĂ©ration dramatique et irrĂ©versible de la fonction respiratoire. La FPI est une pathologie mortelle qui survient principalement aprĂšs 60 ans, et sa mĂ©diane de survie est dâenviron 5 ans aprĂšs diagnostic. Il nâexiste aucun traitement curatif. A ce jour seuls 2 mĂ©dicaments, la pirfĂ©nidone et le nintĂ©danib ont Ă©tĂ© validĂ©s dans cette indication, mais ils ne permettent que de ralentir trĂšs modĂ©rĂ©ment son Ă©volution. La recherche visant Ă mieux caractĂ©riser les mĂ©canismes physiopathologiques de la FPI ainsi que le dĂ©veloppement de nouveaux traitements est donc crucial pour les patients.La maladie se caractĂ©rise par la production massive de cellules myofibroblastiques issus de la transformation des autres cellules pulmonaires. Le TGF-b1; est une cytokine clĂ©e stimulant cette transformation. On sait que ce processus est rĂ©gulĂ©, notamment par les cellules de lâimmunitĂ© dont les macrophages. Les protĂ©ines de choc thermique (HSP) et en particulier HSP27 et aB-crystallin sont dâautres modulateurs connus des mĂ©canismes de fibrogenĂšse.Mon travail de thĂšse a consistĂ© 1) Ă Ă©tudier lâintĂ©rĂȘt de lâutilisation du rĂ©cepteur macrophagique CD206 comme marqueur diagnostique et comme cible Ă inhiber pour limiter le dĂ©veloppement de la fibrose, 2) Ă Ă©tudier le rĂŽle dâHSP27 prĂ©sente spĂ©cifiquement dans le compartiment extracellulaire dans le dĂ©veloppement de la fibrose pulmonaire, 3) Ă tester les effets dâun oligonuclĂ©otide antisens dirigĂ© contre aB-crystallin pour sâopposer au dĂ©veloppement de la maladie.Nos travaux ont permis de montrer lâaugmentation de lâexpression du rĂ©cepteur macrophagique CD206 en cas de fibrose dans les macrophages pulmonaires humains et murins. Le traitement des macrophages par un radiotraceur dirigĂ© sur le CD206, le tilmanocept permet de quantifier son expression, et celle-ci est diminuĂ©e par le nintĂ©danib, et par un inhibiteur des macrophages M2, le tofacitinib. Le traitement par tofacitinib permet aussi de limiter le dĂ©veloppement de la fibrose chez la souris, tout en limitant le recrutement des macrophages. Ce travail suggĂšre lâutilitĂ© du CD206 pour le diagnostic de la FPI et lâintĂ©rĂȘt de dĂ©velopper des inhibiteurs pour le traitement de la fibrose. Dans la 2Ăš partie, mes travaux montrent quâHSP27 est sĂ©crĂ©tĂ©e par les cellules pulmonaires en conditions pro-fibrosantes, quâelle est capable alors dâinteragir avec les rĂ©cepteurs TLR2 et TLR4. La consĂ©quence est une potentialisation de la transformation myofibroblastique des cellules pulmonaires induite par le TGF-b1;. HSP27 sĂ©crĂ©tĂ©e par les cellules pulmonaires induit aussi une activation des cellules macrophagiques et lâexpression de cytokines pro-fibrosantes. Nous avons montrĂ© quâHSP27 se comporterait comme un mĂ©diateur intercellulaire pro-fibrosant, et que son inhibition constituait un intĂ©rĂȘt pour limiter le dĂ©veloppement de la maladie. Dans la 3Ăšme partie de ce travail, nous avons testĂ© un oligonuclĂ©otide antisens dirigĂ© contre aB-crystallin et modifiĂ© par conjugaison lipidique. Ce travail nâa pas montrĂ© lâintĂ©rĂȘt de ce composĂ© vis-Ă -vis de lâoligonuclĂ©otide de premiĂšre gĂ©nĂ©ration pour limiter les processus profibrosants.En conclusion, mon travail a permis dâouvrir de nouvelles pistes de diagnostic et de traitement en relation avec un rĂ©cepteur macrophagique le CD206 et une protĂ©ine de choc thermique HSP27.Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a rare, chronic and progressive parenchymal lung disease of unknown origin, the most abundant form of adult interstitial lung diseases (ILD). It is characterized by myofibroblast proliferation and an increase in extracellular matrix production, mainly collagen into pulmonary parenchyma that dramatically and irreversibly impaired respiratory function. IPF is a fatal disease, with a median survival time around 5 years after diagnosis, and which occurs mainly after 60 years. Except pirfenidone and nintedanib that may slightly delay clinical worsening, no pharmacologic treatment is currently available. It becomes crucial that laboratories continue their work exploring new pathways of interest in IPF and propose new and efficient therapeutic targets/drugs for fibrosis.TGF-b1 is a key cytokine to orchestrate fibrosis by favoring myofibroblast proliferation and differentiation. This phenomenon is regulated partially by immune cells including macrophages. Heat shock proteins (HSP), notably HSP27 and aB-crystallin, are other mediators known to be involved in fibrogenesis. My thesis work consisted in 1) studying the interest of macrophagic receptor CD206 as diagnosis marker and target to limit fibrosis progression, 2) investigating the role of extracellular HSP27 in the development of lung fibrosis, 3) testing the effect of an antisens oligonucleotide against aB-crystallin to limit efficiently disease progression.Our work shows the increase of CD206 expression in fibrotic conditions in human and mouse macrophages. The use of radiotracer detecting specifically CD206, 99mTc-Tilmanocept, is able to quantify it. Interestingly, radioactive signal is decreased by nintedanib treatment as well as by M2 macrophages inhibitor, tofacitinib, in mice treated by bleomycin. In addition, tofacitinib treatment is also able to limit the development of lung fibrosis by limiting macrophage infiltration and CD206 expression. This work suggests to use CD206 to IPF diagnosis and the interest to develop CD206 inhibitors to treat lung fibrosis. In the second part, my work highlights HSP27 secretion by pulmonary cells in pro-fibrotic conditions and the colocalisation of this protein with TLR2 and 4. In consequence of the increase in extracellular HSP27 concentration, we observe that myofibroblastic transition of pulmonary cells, induced by TGF-b1 treatment, is potentiated. Furthermore, HSP27 secretion by lung cells also induces macrophage activation and their expression of pro-fibrotic cytokines. In addition, we show that its depletion limits myofibroblast transition induced by TGF-b1. Ours results assed that extracellular HSP27 is a pro-fibrotic intercellular mediator, which inhibition may be useful to reduce pulmonary fibrosis progression. In the last part, we compare a lipid modified antisens oligonucleotide against aB-crystallin with the first generation one. Unfortunately, our results do not show a real interest of this compound compared to the first generation one for limiting pulmonary fibrotic processes.To conclude, my thesis works suggest new diagnosis and treatment options for pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting macrophagic CD206 receptor and extracellular form of HSP2
Identification de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques dans la fibrose pulmonaire idiopathique : Etude du récepteur CD206 et des protéines de choc thermique HSP27 et αB-crystallin
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a rare, chronic and progressive parenchymal lung disease of unknown origin, the most abundant form of adult interstitial lung diseases (ILD). It is characterized by myofibroblast proliferation and an increase in extracellular matrix production, mainly collagen into pulmonary parenchyma that dramatically and irreversibly impaired respiratory function. IPF is a fatal disease, with a median survival time around 5 years after diagnosis, and which occurs mainly after 60 years. Except pirfenidone and nintedanib that may slightly delay clinical worsening, no pharmacologic treatment is currently available. It becomes crucial that laboratories continue their work exploring new pathways of interest in IPF and propose new and efficient therapeutic targets/drugs for fibrosis.TGF-b1 is a key cytokine to orchestrate fibrosis by favoring myofibroblast proliferation and differentiation. This phenomenon is regulated partially by immune cells including macrophages. Heat shock proteins (HSP), notably HSP27 and aB-crystallin, are other mediators known to be involved in fibrogenesis. My thesis work consisted in 1) studying the interest of macrophagic receptor CD206 as diagnosis marker and target to limit fibrosis progression, 2) investigating the role of extracellular HSP27 in the development of lung fibrosis, 3) testing the effect of an antisens oligonucleotide against aB-crystallin to limit efficiently disease progression.Our work shows the increase of CD206 expression in fibrotic conditions in human and mouse macrophages. The use of radiotracer detecting specifically CD206, 99mTc-Tilmanocept, is able to quantify it. Interestingly, radioactive signal is decreased by nintedanib treatment as well as by M2 macrophages inhibitor, tofacitinib, in mice treated by bleomycin. In addition, tofacitinib treatment is also able to limit the development of lung fibrosis by limiting macrophage infiltration and CD206 expression. This work suggests to use CD206 to IPF diagnosis and the interest to develop CD206 inhibitors to treat lung fibrosis. In the second part, my work highlights HSP27 secretion by pulmonary cells in pro-fibrotic conditions and the colocalisation of this protein with TLR2 and 4. In consequence of the increase in extracellular HSP27 concentration, we observe that myofibroblastic transition of pulmonary cells, induced by TGF-b1 treatment, is potentiated. Furthermore, HSP27 secretion by lung cells also induces macrophage activation and their expression of pro-fibrotic cytokines. In addition, we show that its depletion limits myofibroblast transition induced by TGF-b1. Ours results assed that extracellular HSP27 is a pro-fibrotic intercellular mediator, which inhibition may be useful to reduce pulmonary fibrosis progression. In the last part, we compare a lipid modified antisens oligonucleotide against aB-crystallin with the first generation one. Unfortunately, our results do not show a real interest of this compound compared to the first generation one for limiting pulmonary fibrotic processes.To conclude, my thesis works suggest new diagnosis and treatment options for pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting macrophagic CD206 receptor and extracellular form of HSP27La fibrose pulmonaire idiopathique (FPI) est une maladie rare, qui constitue la forme la plus frĂ©quence de pneumopathie interstitielle diffuse de lâadulte. Elle se caractĂ©rise par une accumulation massive de matrice extracellulaire, principalement de collagĂšne, dans le parenchyme pulmonaire, ce qui entraine une altĂ©ration dramatique et irrĂ©versible de la fonction respiratoire. La FPI est une pathologie mortelle qui survient principalement aprĂšs 60 ans, et sa mĂ©diane de survie est dâenviron 5 ans aprĂšs diagnostic. Il nâexiste aucun traitement curatif. A ce jour seuls 2 mĂ©dicaments, la pirfĂ©nidone et le nintĂ©danib ont Ă©tĂ© validĂ©s dans cette indication, mais ils ne permettent que de ralentir trĂšs modĂ©rĂ©ment son Ă©volution. La recherche visant Ă mieux caractĂ©riser les mĂ©canismes physiopathologiques de la FPI ainsi que le dĂ©veloppement de nouveaux traitements est donc crucial pour les patients.La maladie se caractĂ©rise par la production massive de cellules myofibroblastiques issus de la transformation des autres cellules pulmonaires. Le TGF-b1; est une cytokine clĂ©e stimulant cette transformation. On sait que ce processus est rĂ©gulĂ©, notamment par les cellules de lâimmunitĂ© dont les macrophages. Les protĂ©ines de choc thermique (HSP) et en particulier HSP27 et aB-crystallin sont dâautres modulateurs connus des mĂ©canismes de fibrogenĂšse.Mon travail de thĂšse a consistĂ© 1) Ă Ă©tudier lâintĂ©rĂȘt de lâutilisation du rĂ©cepteur macrophagique CD206 comme marqueur diagnostique et comme cible Ă inhiber pour limiter le dĂ©veloppement de la fibrose, 2) Ă Ă©tudier le rĂŽle dâHSP27 prĂ©sente spĂ©cifiquement dans le compartiment extracellulaire dans le dĂ©veloppement de la fibrose pulmonaire, 3) Ă tester les effets dâun oligonuclĂ©otide antisens dirigĂ© contre aB-crystallin pour sâopposer au dĂ©veloppement de la maladie.Nos travaux ont permis de montrer lâaugmentation de lâexpression du rĂ©cepteur macrophagique CD206 en cas de fibrose dans les macrophages pulmonaires humains et murins. Le traitement des macrophages par un radiotraceur dirigĂ© sur le CD206, le tilmanocept permet de quantifier son expression, et celle-ci est diminuĂ©e par le nintĂ©danib, et par un inhibiteur des macrophages M2, le tofacitinib. Le traitement par tofacitinib permet aussi de limiter le dĂ©veloppement de la fibrose chez la souris, tout en limitant le recrutement des macrophages. Ce travail suggĂšre lâutilitĂ© du CD206 pour le diagnostic de la FPI et lâintĂ©rĂȘt de dĂ©velopper des inhibiteurs pour le traitement de la fibrose. Dans la 2Ăš partie, mes travaux montrent quâHSP27 est sĂ©crĂ©tĂ©e par les cellules pulmonaires en conditions pro-fibrosantes, quâelle est capable alors dâinteragir avec les rĂ©cepteurs TLR2 et TLR4. La consĂ©quence est une potentialisation de la transformation myofibroblastique des cellules pulmonaires induite par le TGF-b1;. HSP27 sĂ©crĂ©tĂ©e par les cellules pulmonaires induit aussi une activation des cellules macrophagiques et lâexpression de cytokines pro-fibrosantes. Nous avons montrĂ© quâHSP27 se comporterait comme un mĂ©diateur intercellulaire pro-fibrosant, et que son inhibition constituait un intĂ©rĂȘt pour limiter le dĂ©veloppement de la maladie. Dans la 3Ăšme partie de ce travail, nous avons testĂ© un oligonuclĂ©otide antisens dirigĂ© contre aB-crystallin et modifiĂ© par conjugaison lipidique. Ce travail nâa pas montrĂ© lâintĂ©rĂȘt de ce composĂ© vis-Ă -vis de lâoligonuclĂ©otide de premiĂšre gĂ©nĂ©ration pour limiter les processus profibrosants.En conclusion, mon travail a permis dâouvrir de nouvelles pistes de diagnostic et de traitement en relation avec un rĂ©cepteur macrophagique le CD206 et une protĂ©ine de choc thermique HSP27
Identification de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques dans la fibrose pulmonaire idiopathique : Etude du récepteur CD206 et des protéines de choc thermique HSP27 et αB-crystallin
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a rare, chronic and progressive parenchymal lung disease of unknown origin, the most abundant form of adult interstitial lung diseases (ILD). It is characterized by myofibroblast proliferation and an increase in extracellular matrix production, mainly collagen into pulmonary parenchyma that dramatically and irreversibly impaired respiratory function. IPF is a fatal disease, with a median survival time around 5 years after diagnosis, and which occurs mainly after 60 years. Except pirfenidone and nintedanib that may slightly delay clinical worsening, no pharmacologic treatment is currently available. It becomes crucial that laboratories continue their work exploring new pathways of interest in IPF and propose new and efficient therapeutic targets/drugs for fibrosis.TGF-b1 is a key cytokine to orchestrate fibrosis by favoring myofibroblast proliferation and differentiation. This phenomenon is regulated partially by immune cells including macrophages. Heat shock proteins (HSP), notably HSP27 and aB-crystallin, are other mediators known to be involved in fibrogenesis. My thesis work consisted in 1) studying the interest of macrophagic receptor CD206 as diagnosis marker and target to limit fibrosis progression, 2) investigating the role of extracellular HSP27 in the development of lung fibrosis, 3) testing the effect of an antisens oligonucleotide against aB-crystallin to limit efficiently disease progression.Our work shows the increase of CD206 expression in fibrotic conditions in human and mouse macrophages. The use of radiotracer detecting specifically CD206, 99mTc-Tilmanocept, is able to quantify it. Interestingly, radioactive signal is decreased by nintedanib treatment as well as by M2 macrophages inhibitor, tofacitinib, in mice treated by bleomycin. In addition, tofacitinib treatment is also able to limit the development of lung fibrosis by limiting macrophage infiltration and CD206 expression. This work suggests to use CD206 to IPF diagnosis and the interest to develop CD206 inhibitors to treat lung fibrosis. In the second part, my work highlights HSP27 secretion by pulmonary cells in pro-fibrotic conditions and the colocalisation of this protein with TLR2 and 4. In consequence of the increase in extracellular HSP27 concentration, we observe that myofibroblastic transition of pulmonary cells, induced by TGF-b1 treatment, is potentiated. Furthermore, HSP27 secretion by lung cells also induces macrophage activation and their expression of pro-fibrotic cytokines. In addition, we show that its depletion limits myofibroblast transition induced by TGF-b1. Ours results assed that extracellular HSP27 is a pro-fibrotic intercellular mediator, which inhibition may be useful to reduce pulmonary fibrosis progression. In the last part, we compare a lipid modified antisens oligonucleotide against aB-crystallin with the first generation one. Unfortunately, our results do not show a real interest of this compound compared to the first generation one for limiting pulmonary fibrotic processes.To conclude, my thesis works suggest new diagnosis and treatment options for pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting macrophagic CD206 receptor and extracellular form of HSP27La fibrose pulmonaire idiopathique (FPI) est une maladie rare, qui constitue la forme la plus frĂ©quence de pneumopathie interstitielle diffuse de lâadulte. Elle se caractĂ©rise par une accumulation massive de matrice extracellulaire, principalement de collagĂšne, dans le parenchyme pulmonaire, ce qui entraine une altĂ©ration dramatique et irrĂ©versible de la fonction respiratoire. La FPI est une pathologie mortelle qui survient principalement aprĂšs 60 ans, et sa mĂ©diane de survie est dâenviron 5 ans aprĂšs diagnostic. Il nâexiste aucun traitement curatif. A ce jour seuls 2 mĂ©dicaments, la pirfĂ©nidone et le nintĂ©danib ont Ă©tĂ© validĂ©s dans cette indication, mais ils ne permettent que de ralentir trĂšs modĂ©rĂ©ment son Ă©volution. La recherche visant Ă mieux caractĂ©riser les mĂ©canismes physiopathologiques de la FPI ainsi que le dĂ©veloppement de nouveaux traitements est donc crucial pour les patients.La maladie se caractĂ©rise par la production massive de cellules myofibroblastiques issus de la transformation des autres cellules pulmonaires. Le TGF-b1; est une cytokine clĂ©e stimulant cette transformation. On sait que ce processus est rĂ©gulĂ©, notamment par les cellules de lâimmunitĂ© dont les macrophages. Les protĂ©ines de choc thermique (HSP) et en particulier HSP27 et aB-crystallin sont dâautres modulateurs connus des mĂ©canismes de fibrogenĂšse.Mon travail de thĂšse a consistĂ© 1) Ă Ă©tudier lâintĂ©rĂȘt de lâutilisation du rĂ©cepteur macrophagique CD206 comme marqueur diagnostique et comme cible Ă inhiber pour limiter le dĂ©veloppement de la fibrose, 2) Ă Ă©tudier le rĂŽle dâHSP27 prĂ©sente spĂ©cifiquement dans le compartiment extracellulaire dans le dĂ©veloppement de la fibrose pulmonaire, 3) Ă tester les effets dâun oligonuclĂ©otide antisens dirigĂ© contre aB-crystallin pour sâopposer au dĂ©veloppement de la maladie.Nos travaux ont permis de montrer lâaugmentation de lâexpression du rĂ©cepteur macrophagique CD206 en cas de fibrose dans les macrophages pulmonaires humains et murins. Le traitement des macrophages par un radiotraceur dirigĂ© sur le CD206, le tilmanocept permet de quantifier son expression, et celle-ci est diminuĂ©e par le nintĂ©danib, et par un inhibiteur des macrophages M2, le tofacitinib. Le traitement par tofacitinib permet aussi de limiter le dĂ©veloppement de la fibrose chez la souris, tout en limitant le recrutement des macrophages. Ce travail suggĂšre lâutilitĂ© du CD206 pour le diagnostic de la FPI et lâintĂ©rĂȘt de dĂ©velopper des inhibiteurs pour le traitement de la fibrose. Dans la 2Ăš partie, mes travaux montrent quâHSP27 est sĂ©crĂ©tĂ©e par les cellules pulmonaires en conditions pro-fibrosantes, quâelle est capable alors dâinteragir avec les rĂ©cepteurs TLR2 et TLR4. La consĂ©quence est une potentialisation de la transformation myofibroblastique des cellules pulmonaires induite par le TGF-b1;. HSP27 sĂ©crĂ©tĂ©e par les cellules pulmonaires induit aussi une activation des cellules macrophagiques et lâexpression de cytokines pro-fibrosantes. Nous avons montrĂ© quâHSP27 se comporterait comme un mĂ©diateur intercellulaire pro-fibrosant, et que son inhibition constituait un intĂ©rĂȘt pour limiter le dĂ©veloppement de la maladie. Dans la 3Ăšme partie de ce travail, nous avons testĂ© un oligonuclĂ©otide antisens dirigĂ© contre aB-crystallin et modifiĂ© par conjugaison lipidique. Ce travail nâa pas montrĂ© lâintĂ©rĂȘt de ce composĂ© vis-Ă -vis de lâoligonuclĂ©otide de premiĂšre gĂ©nĂ©ration pour limiter les processus profibrosants.En conclusion, mon travail a permis dâouvrir de nouvelles pistes de diagnostic et de traitement en relation avec un rĂ©cepteur macrophagique le CD206 et une protĂ©ine de choc thermique HSP27
Extracellular Heat Shock Proteins as Therapeutic Targets and Biomarkers in Fibrosing Interstitial Lung Diseases
Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) include a large number of diseases and causes with variable outcomes often associated with progressive fibrosis. Although each of the individual fibrosing ILDs are rare, collectively, they affect a considerable number of patients, representing a significant burden of disease. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the typical chronic fibrosing ILD associated with progressive decline in lung. Other fibrosing ILDs are often associated with connective tissues diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis-ILD (RA-ILD) and systemic sclerosis-associated ILD (SSc-ILD), or environmental/drug exposure. Given the vast number of progressive fibrosing ILDs and the disparities in clinical patterns and disease features, the course of these diseases is heterogeneous and cannot accurately be predicted for an individual patient. As a consequence, the discovery of novel biomarkers for these types of diseases is a major clinical challenge. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are molecular chaperons that have been extensively described to be involved in fibrogenesis. Their extracellular forms (eHSPs) have been recently and successfully used as therapeutic targets or circulating biomarkers in cancer. The current review will describe the role of eHSPs in fibrosing ILDs, highlighting the importance of these particular stress proteins to develop new therapeutic strategies and discover potential biomarkers in these diseases
An Integrative Multiomics Framework for Identification of Therapeutic Targets in Pulmonary Fibrosis
Abstract Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a heterogeneous disease with a poor prognosis. Therefore, identifying additional therapeutic modalities is required to improve outcome. However, the lack of biomarkers of disease progression hampers the preclinical to clinical translational process. Here, this work assesses and identifies progressive alterations in pulmonary function, transcriptomics, and metabolomics in the mouse lung at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after a single dose of oropharyngeal bleomycin. By integrating multiâomics data, this work identifies two central gene subnetworks associated with multiple critical pathological changes in transcriptomics and metabolomics as well as pulmonary function. This work presents a multiâomicsâbased framework to establish a translational link between the bleomycinâinduced PF model in mice and human idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis to identify druggable targets and test therapeutic candidates. This work also indicates peripheral cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) antagonism as a rational therapeutic target for clinical translation in PF. Mouse Lung Fibrosis Atlas can be accessed freely at https://niaaa.nih.gov/mouselungfibrosisatlas
TRIM33 prevents pulmonary fibrosis by impairing TGF-ÎČ1 signalling.
peer reviewedBACKGROUND: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a devastating disease characterised by myofibroblast proliferation and abnormal extracellular matrix accumulation in the lungs. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-ÎČ1 initiates key profibrotic signalling involving the SMAD pathway and the small heat shock protein B5 (HSPB5). Tripartite motif-containing 33 (TRIM33) has been reported to negatively regulate TGF-ÎČ/SMAD signalling, but its role in fibrogenesis remains unknown. The objective of this study was to elucidate the role of TRIM33 in IPF. METHODS: TRIM33 expression was assessed in the lungs of IPF patients and rodent fibrosis models. Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM), primary lung fibroblasts and 3D lung tissue slices were isolated from Trim33-floxed mice and cultured with TGF-ÎČ1 or bleomycin (BLM). Trim33 expression was then suppressed by adenovirus Cre recombinase (AdCre). Pulmonary fibrosis was evaluated in haematopoietic-specific Trim33 knockout mice and in Trim33-floxed mice that received AdCre and BLM intratracheally. RESULTS: TRIM33 was overexpressed in alveolar macrophages and fibroblasts in IPF patients and rodent fibrotic lungs. Trim33 inhibition in BMDM increased TGF-ÎČ1 secretion upon BLM treatment. Haematopoietic-specific Trim33 knockout sensitised mice to BLM-induced fibrosis. In primary lung fibroblasts and 3D lung tissue slices, Trim33 deficiency increased expression of genes downstream of TGF-ÎČ1. In mice, AdCre-Trim33 inhibition worsened BLM-induced fibrosis. In vitro, HSPB5 was able to bind directly to TRIM33, thereby diminishing its protein level and TRIM33/SMAD4 interaction. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate a key role of TRIM33 as a negative regulator of lung fibrosis. Since TRIM33 directly associates with HSPB5, which impairs its activity, inhibitors of TRIM33/HSPB5 interaction may be of interest in the treatment of IPF