1,967 research outputs found
Milton Keynes - preliminary estimates of regional traffic flows in 1981
The Milton Keynes Development Corporation and their planning
consultants have asked the College Transport Group to investigate the
scale of likely regional traffic flows into and out of Milton Keynes.
At this stage the emphasis is on providing information for the preparation
of a Master Plan for the city itself, rather than detailed traffic
estimates for planning transport systems in the surrounding region.
Population estimates for 1981 have been obtained from County
Councils for areas within a 20 mile radius of the new city, and the
proportions attracted to Milton Keynes for work and shopping assessed
using gravity model techniques. Separate estimates have been made of
work journeys from the city to regional employment and to London.
Possible upper and lower limits to these forecasts are included to
account for many uncertainties in the absolute and relative growth of
population, employment and shopping opportunities in the city itself and
in the surrounding region. The results are presented as traffic flews
into and out of octant sectors around the city. Flows to the east are
greater than to the west with work trip flows of the order of 2,500 person
trips each way in the most heavily loaded sectors. A 1981 city population
of 150,000 is likely to produce at least 1,500 daily commuters to London
using the fast rail service, with an additional 200 commuters from the region
using Milton Keynes railway station
New Insight on Galaxy Formation and Evolution from Keck Spectroscopy of the Hawaii Deep Fields
We present the results of spectroscopic studies with the LRIS spectrograph on
Keck of two of the Hawaii deep survey fields. The 393 objects observed cover an
area of 26.2 square arcmin and constitute a nearly complete sample down to K =
20, I = 23, and B = 24.5. The rest-frame K-band luminosity function and its
evolution with redshift are described. Comparisons are made with other
optically selected (B and I) samples in the literature, and the corresponding
rest-frame B-band luminosity function evolution is presented. The B-band counts
near B = 24 are shown to be a mixture of normal galaxies at modest redshifts
and galaxies undergoing rapid star formation, which have a wide range of masses
and which are spread over the redshift interval from z = 0.2 to beyond z = 1.7.
The luminosity functions, number counts, and color distributions at optical and
IR wavelengths are discussed in terms of a consistent picture of the
star-forming history of the galaxy sample. [OII] emission-line diagnostics or
rest-frame ultra-violet--infrared color information are used in combination
with rest-frame absolute K magnitudes to construct a ``fundamental plane'' in
which the evolution of the global star-formation rate with redshift can be
shown, and we find that the maximum rest-frame K luminosity of galaxies
undergoing rapid star formation has been declining smoothly with decreasing
redshift from a value near L* at z > 1. This smooth decrease in the
characteristic luminosity of galaxies dominated by star formation can
simultaneously account for the high B-band galaxy counts at faint magnitudes
and the redshift distribution at z < 1 in both the B- and K-selected samples.
Finally, the overall K-band light density evolution is discussed as a tracer of
the baryonic mass in stars and compared with the rate of star formation.Comment: 38 pages plus 2 tables, 28 Postscript figures, Figure 1 (finding
charts) and Figure 2 (sample spectra) available at
http://galileo.ifa.hawaii.edu/~cowie/insight.html . To be published in
Astronomical Journal (9/96
Peer mentorship and positive effects on student mentor and mentee retention and academic success
This study examined how the introduction of peer mentorship in an undergraduate health and social welfare programme at a large northern university affected student learning. Using an ethnographic case study approach, the study draws upon data collected from a small group of mentors and their mentees over a period of one academic year using interviews, reflective journals, assessment and course evaluation data.
Analysis of the data collected identified a number of key findings: peer mentorship improves assessment performance for both mentee and mentor; reduces stress and anxiety, enhances participation and engagement in the academic community, and adds value to student outcomes
Ethical ecosurveillance: Mitigating the potential impacts on humans of widespread environmental monitoring
Ecosurveillance has proliferated in recent years, generating vast amounts of data on the natural environment. Ecosurveillance also has significant potential impacts on humans; therefore, researchers and policymakers need new conceptual tools to anticipate and mitigate any negative effects. Surveillance studies is an interdisciplinary field in the social sciences, providing a number of insights and practical lessons for predicting and managing the complex impacts (positive and negative, intended and unintended) of surveillance tools and practices. We draw on surveillance studies literature to propose two tools to guide designers and practitioners of ecosurveillanceâa âred flag checklistâ to anticipate potential problems, and a âconsiderations guideâ to inform design decisions across a wide range of ecosurveillance systems. These tools will help ensure that the coming era of ecosurveillance is guided by responsible and ethical practices towards wildlife and humans alike, while also realizing the potential of these technologies for improving environmental outcomes.publishedVersio
Non-invasive assessment of positive affective state using infra-red thermography in rats
The infra-red thermography equipment and software were funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, UK, grant number BB/K002775/1.With recent increased focus on positive welfare in animal welfare science, there is demand for objective positive welfare indicators. It is unclear whether changes in body surface temperature can be used to non-invasively identify and quantify positive states in mammals. We recorded continuous measurements of tail surface temperature using infra-red thermography (IRT) and concurrent behavioural observations in male and female Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). If tail surface temperature can differentiate between positive and negative experiences, we expect a qualitatively different response compared to negative experiences. Three groups of rats were presented with increasing magnitudes of food rewards (neutral/none, one and three rewards). The rats were placed in an arena to which they were habituated and filmed for 30 s before and 30 min after exposure to different rewards. Tail temperature initially decreased from the pre-reward baseline and subsequently returned towards baseline temperature. The overall pattern of the change was the same as for rats subjected to negative stimuli in previous studies. Nevertheless, dynamic changes in tail temperature, specifically the rate of recovery and the behavioural response (exploration), differed between neutral and rewarded rats but failed to distinguish reward magnitude. Sex differences were found in both thermal and behavioural responses, unrelated to reward magnitudes. Female rats exhibited a greater initial response with a slower recovery than male rats, emphasising the value of using of both sexes in animal welfare research. This study improves our understanding of the effects of positive emotions induced by food reward on peripheral body temperature and behaviour.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
Length-Based Assessment of an Artisanal Albulid Fishery in the South Pacific: a Data-Limited Approach for Management and Conservation
Data-limited fisheries assessment methods have great potential to help inform small island communi
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