La educación en la urbanidad de la infancia: Erasmo de Rotterdam y Gutierre González Doncel

In this article we are going to gather in two concrete pedagogical contributions that were proposed and embodied in the first half of the 16th century. We refer to the work entitled, "On urbanity in the ways of children" (1530) by Desiderio Erasmo Roterodamo and the one entitled "Book of moral and exterior doctrine" (1532) by Gutierre González Doncel. Both were part of a shared concern in the pedagogical treatises of the first half of the 16th century. It appears for the first time, distancing itself from its predecessors, the need to raise the issue of urbanity as a fundamental principle in education. In a time of transition, from the decline of transit from feudal society to the consolidation of absolute monarchies, which entails a social restructuring and, specifically, from courtesy to civility. Hence, there was a need to establish new rules and advice that would help infants to position themselves, from the earliest childhood, before a society that demanded new behaviors and new perspectives. To carry out this task we are going to expose the common origin of these two works and extract some parallels and similarities between the two. Later, we will analyze their contents and, finally, we will delve into the subsequent influences they exerted.En este artículo vamos a recabar en dos aportaciones pedagógicas concretas que se propusieron y se plasmaron en la primera mitad del siglo XVI. Nos referimos a la obra titulada, “De la urbanidad en las maneras de los niños” (1530) de Desiderio Erasmo Roterodamo y la titulada “Libro de la doctrina moral y exterior” (1532) de Gutierre González Doncel. Ambas formaron parte de una preocupación compartida en los tratados pedagógicos de la primera mitad del siglo XVI. Aparece por primera vez, distanciándose de sus predecesores, la necesidad de plantear el tema de la urbanidad como principio fundamental en la educación. En una época de transición, desde la decadencia de tránsito desde la sociedad feudal hacia la consolidación de las monarquías absolutas, lo que conlleva una reestructuración social y, concretamente, de la cortesía hasta la civilidad. De ahí que existiera la necesidad de establecer nuevas reglas y consejos que ayudaran a los infantes a situarse, desde la más tierna infancia, ante una sociedad que le exigía nuevos comportamientos y nuevas perspectivas. Para llevar a cabo esta tarea vamos a exponer el origen común de estas dos obras y extraer algunos paralelismos y semejanzas entre ambas. Posteriormente, analizaremos sus contenidos y profundizaremos, finalmente, en las influencias posteriores que ejercieron

Economía circular y gemelos digitales en el sector de la construcción

Progress in digital and industrial technologies, shape all sectors of the economy and society. In the construction sector, digital building logbooks allow circularity by tracking the CO2 emissions and waste in construction projects, and enhance the durability, reparability and recycling of products and components. The integration of digital building logbooks into digital twins (green twin) also ensures better and more efficient use of construction-generated data to sustain competitiveness and greening of the sector. Grupo Construcía is a group of companies that offer circularity services, from strategic consulting to the construction of circular assets by implementing Cradle to Cradle circular principles and integrating them into digital and BIM (Building Information Modelling) technologies. This paper presents the current practices on circular economy in the construction sector and the benefits of integrating digital building logbooks into digital twins. It also presents a business case to highlight the drawbacks and complexities of data integration and to demonstrate the expected impact of this integration.Postprint (published version

Humans with inherited MyD88 and IRAK-4 deficiencies are predisposed to hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia

X-linked recessive deficiency of TLR7, a MyD88- and IRAK-4–dependent endosomal ssRNA sensor, impairs SARS-CoV-2 recognition and type I IFN production in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), thereby underlying hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia with high penetrance. We report 22 unvaccinated patients with autosomal recessive MyD88 or IRAK-4 deficiency infected with SARS-CoV-2 (mean age: 10.9 yr; 2 mo to 24 yr), originating from 17 kindreds from eight countries on three continents. 16 patients were hospitalized: six with moderate, four with severe, and six with critical pneumonia, one of whom died. The risk of hypoxemic pneumonia increased with age. The risk of invasive mechanical ventilation was also much greater than in age-matched controls from the general population (OR: 74.7, 95% CI: 26.8–207.8, P < 0.001). The patients’ susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 can be attributed to impaired TLR7-dependent type I IFN production by pDCs, which do not sense SARS-CoV-2 correctly. Patients with inherited MyD88 or IRAK-4 deficiency were long thought to be selectively vulnerable to pyogenic bacteria, but also have a high risk of hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia

The BLLAST field experiment: Boundary-Layer late afternoon and sunset turbulence

Due to the major role of the sun in heating the earth's surface, the atmospheric planetary boundary layer over land is inherently marked by a diurnal cycle. The afternoon transition, the period of the day that connects the daytime dry convective boundary layer to the night-time stable boundary layer, still has a number of unanswered scientific questions. This phase of the diurnal cycle is challenging from both modelling and observational perspectives: it is transitory, most of the forcings are small or null and the turbulence regime changes from fully convective, close to homogeneous and isotropic, toward a more heterogeneous and intermittent state. These issues motivated the BLLAST (Boundary-Layer Late Afternoon and Sunset Turbulence) field campaign that was conducted from 14 June to 8 July 2011 in southern France, in an area of complex and heterogeneous terrain. A wide range of instrumented platforms including full-size aircraft, remotely piloted aircraft systems, remote-sensing instruments, radiosoundings, tethered balloons, surface flux stations and various meteorological towers were deployed over different surface types. The boundary layer, from the earth's surface to the free troposphere, was probed during the entire day, with a focus and intense observation periods that were conducted from midday until sunset. The BLLAST field campaign also provided an opportunity to test innovative measurement systems, such as new miniaturized sensors, and a new technique for frequent radiosoundings of the low troposphere. Twelve fair weather days displaying various meteorological conditions were extensively documented during the field experiment. The boundary-layer growth varied from one day to another depending on many contributions including stability, advection, subsidence, the state of the previous day's residual layer, as well as local, meso- or synoptic scale conditions. Ground-based measurements combined with tethered-balloon and airborne observations captured the turbulence decay from the surface throughout the whole boundary layer and documented the evolution of the turbulence characteristic length scales during the transition period. Closely integrated with the field experiment, numerical studies are now underway with a complete hierarchy of models to support the data interpretation and improve the model representations.publishedVersio

Prognostic factors of a lower CD4/CD8 ratio in long term viral suppression HIV infected children

Background Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) is associated with marked immune reconstitution. Although a long term viral suppression is achievable, not all children however, attain complete immunological recovery due to persistent immune activation. We use CD4/CD8 ratio like a marker of immune reconstitution. Methods Perinatal HIV-infected children who underwent a first-line cART, achieved viral suppression in the first year and maintained it for more than 5 years, with no viral rebound were included. Logistic models were applied to estimate the prognostic factors, clinical characteristics at cART start, of a lower CD4/CD8 ratio at the last visit. Results 146 HIV-infected children were included: 77% Caucasian, 45% male and 28% CDC C. Median age at cART initiation was 2.3 years (IQR: 0.5-6.2). 42 (30%) children received mono-dual therapy previously to cART. Time of undetectable viral load was 9.5 years (IQR: 7.8, 12.5). 33% of the children not achieved CD4/CD8 ratio >1. Univariate analysis showed an association between CD4/CD8 <1 with lower CD4 nadir and baseline CD4; older age at diagnosis and at cART initiation; and a previous exposure to mono-dual therapy. Multivariate analysis also revealed relationship between CD4/CD8 <1 and lower CD4 nadir (OR: 1.002, CI 95% 1.000-1.004) as well as previous exposure to mono-dual therapy (OR: 0.16, CI 95% 0.003-0.720). Conclusions CD4/CD8 > 1 was not achieved in 33% of the children. Lower CD4 nadir and previous exposure to suboptimal therapy, before initiating cART, are factors showing independently association with a worse immune recovery (CD4/CD8 < 1)

Rincon González, D. y Manchón González, R. (Coords.), El maestro Juan de Ávila (1500?-1569), un exponente del humanismo reformista

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Engineering and Technology Education in University Studies: Driving Digital, Sustainable, and Resilient Development&#x2014;A Case Study in Andalusia, Spain

An investigation was conducted to examine the impact of training in intelligent systems within engineering courses at the university level, considering the parameters and reports on business trends for 2030, as well as the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The study analyzed 2309 subjects across 66 undergraduate degrees offered at nine universities in the Andalusia region, which is the most populous region in Spain. The objective of this research is to assess whether the training in intelligent systems, specifically in the fields of electrical engineering, electronics, computer science, and telecommunications, adequately prepares students in their final years of study to meet the demands of the labor and business market. Reports and trend studies have identified the urgent areas that require attention, including training in sensors, smart grids, smart cities, IoT, artificial intelligence, embedded systems, among others. The investigation provides insights into the current state of training in intelligent systems within the final years of engineering programs. These findings will inform future curriculum development and teaching guidelines, with the goal of enhancing students&#x2019; knowledge and skills in line with technological and engineering trends. The study will analyze subjects across various Spanish universities in Andalusia, considering their rankings. Based on the analysis of the results, recommendations for improvement actions and strategies to strengthen the curriculum will be proposed

Metastatic Crohn's disease in pediatrics

Introduction: Metastatic Crohn's disease (MCD) is an extraintestinal manifestation of Crohn's disease, with biopsy as fundamental diagnostic tool. There are few References to MCD in children, with a 0.5-1% estimated incidence in adults. There is no consensus about its therapeutic approach. We describe our diagnostic and therapeutic experience in MCD. Case Reports: Four cases of MCD are described in our Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit in a tertiary care hospital. The age at diagnosis was between 7 and 13 years. Lesions appeared before the diagnosis of Crohn's disease in three of them, and during the course of the disease in another one, with genital location in three patients and bilateral pretibial region in the other. All four cases demonstrated non-caseificant granulomas on biopsy. Only two patients used exclusive enteral nutrition therapy with complete resolution, while other two cases received a combination of therapies (corticosteroids, azathioprine, tacrolimus, infliximab and adalimumab) because of recurrence. Only one case required surgery after poor clinical control. Discussion: The MCD is infrequent but must always be included in the differential diagnosis of cutaneous lesions in Crohn's disease, considering it could be the debut of the disease. We will rely on biopsy anyway for definitive diagnosis. In this series the genital region is verified as the most commonly affected in children. The therapeutic approach does not differ from the management of intestinal involvement

The BLLAST field experiment: Boundary-Layer late afternoon and sunset turbulence

Due to the major role of the sun in heating the earth's surface, the atmospheric planetary boundary layer over land is inherently marked by a diurnal cycle. The afternoon transition, the period of the day that connects the daytime dry convective boundary layer to the night-time stable boundary layer, still has a number of unanswered scientific questions. This phase of the diurnal cycle is challenging from both modelling and observational perspectives: it is transitory, most of the forcings are small or null and the turbulence regime changes from fully convective, close to homogeneous and isotropic, toward a more heterogeneous and intermittent state. These issues motivated the BLLAST (Boundary-Layer Late Afternoon and Sunset Turbulence) field campaign that was conducted from 14 June to 8 July 2011 in southern France, in an area of complex and heterogeneous terrain. A wide range of instrumented platforms including full-size aircraft, remotely piloted aircraft systems, remote-sensing instruments, radiosoundings, tethered balloons, surface flux stations and various meteorological towers were deployed over different surface types. The boundary layer, from the earth's surface to the free troposphere, was probed during the entire day, with a focus and intense observation periods that were conducted from midday until sunset. The BLLAST field campaign also provided an opportunity to test innovative measurement systems, such as new miniaturized sensors, and a new technique for frequent radiosoundings of the low troposphere. Twelve fair weather days displaying various meteorological conditions were extensively documented during the field experiment. The boundary-layer growth varied from one day to another depending on many contributions including stability, advection, subsidence, the state of the previous day's residual layer, as well as local, meso- or synoptic scale conditions. Ground-based measurements combined with tethered-balloon and airborne observations captured the turbulence decay from the surface throughout the whole boundary layer and documented the evolution of the turbulence characteristic length scales during the transition period. Closely integrated with the field experiment, numerical studies are now underway with a complete hierarchy of models to support the data interpretation and improve the model representations

Diagnosis features of pediatric Gaucher disease patients in the era of enzymatic therapy, a national-base study from the Spanish Registry of Gaucher Disease

Abstract Background The enzymatic replacement therapy (ERT) availability for Gaucher disease (GD) has changed the landscape of the disease, several countries have screening programs. These actions have promoted the early diagnosis and avoided many complications in pediatric patients. In Spain ERT has been available since 1993 and 386 patients have been included in the Spanish Registry of Gaucher Disease (SpRGD). The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of ERT on the characteristics at time of diagnosis and initial complications in pediatric Gaucher disease patients. Aim To analyze the impact of ERT on the characteristics at time of diagnosis and initial complications in pediatric Gaucher disease patients. Methods A review of data in SpRGD from patients’ diagnosed before 18 years old was performed. The cohort was split according the year of diagnosis (≤1994, cohort A; ≥1995, cohort B). Results A total of 98 pediatric patients were included, GD1: 80, GD3: 18; mean age: 7.2 (0.17–16.5) years, 58 (59.2%) males and 40 (40.8%) females. Forty-five were diagnosed ≤ 1994 and 53 ≥ 1995. Genotype: N370S/N370S: 2 (2.0%), N370S/L444P: 27 (27.5%), N370S/other: 47 (48%), L444P/L444P: 7 (7.1%), L444P/D409H: 2 (2.0%), L444P/other: 3 (6.2%), other/other: 10 (10.2%). The mean age at diagnosis was earlier in patients diagnosed after 1995 (p < 0.001) and different between the subtypes, GD1: 8.2 (0.2–16.5) years and GD3: 2.8 (0.17–10.2) years (p < 0.001). There were more severe patients in the group diagnosed before 1994 (p = 0.045) carrying L444P (2), D409H (2), G377S (1), G195W (1) or the recombinant mutation. The patients’ diagnosed ≤1994 showed worse cytopenias, higher chance of bone vascular complications at diagnosis and previous spleen removal. The patients started ERT at a median time after diagnosis of 5.2 years [cohort A] and 1.6 years [cohort B] (p < 0.001). Conclusions The early diagnosis of Gaucher disease in the era of ERT availability has permitted to reduce the incidence of severe and irreversible initial complication in pediatric patients, and this has permitted better development of these patients. This is the largest pediatric cohort from a national registry