Evaluation of in vitro Antimicrobial, Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Potential of Alyssum homalocarpum and Green Synthesis of the Silver Nanoparticles

In the present work synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Alyssum homalocarpum (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Boiss. extract has been considered. The methanolic extract of A. homalocarpum was concentrated and analyzed using Gas Chromatogra. Also silver nanoparticles were synthesized by the bio-reduction of silver nitrate solution (1 mm) using the methanol extract. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), have been used to determine physicochemical properties of silver nanoparticles. α-Glucosidase inhibition assay, α-amylase inhibition activity, and IC50 test have been performed and the results reported. Folin- Ciocalteu reagent and aluminium chloride colorimetric methods have been used to estimate total phenolic and flavonoid content of the extract. Six bacteria and four fungi were used to measure antimicrobial of extract. 9,12,15-Octadecatrien-1-ol, n-Hexadecanoic acid, 2-Pyrazoline, 2,4-Decadienal, and 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid as most important compounds have been determined. The extract showed strong α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (18.01 µg/mL) and also DPPH radical scavenging (IC50: 64 μg/mL). The maximum antibacterial activity was investigated against Salmonella typhi (30.9 mm)

Electrophysiological Assessment of Injury to the Infra-patellar Branch(es) of the Saphenous Nerve during Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Using Medial Hamstring Auto-grafts: Vertical versus Oblique Harvest Site Incisions

Background: It was suggested that the direction of incision for medial hamstring tendons harvesting\n influences the incidence of injury to the infrapatellar branch of the saphenous nerve\n (IPBSN), a common complication following arthroscopically-assisted anterior cruciate\n ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Objectives: The main purpose of current study was to compare the incidence of IPBSN injury between\n vertical and oblique incisions utilizing electrophysiological evaluation. Patients and Methods: There were 60 patients underwent arthroscopically-assisted ACLR assigned to two equal\n vertical or oblique incision groups, randomly. One year postoperatively, the patients\n were electrophysiologically examined to detect whether IPBSN is injured. The Lysholm\n score was completed. The patients' satisfaction with surgical outcomes determined\n utilizing visual analogue scale (VAS). Finally, two groups were compared and the effect\n of IPBSN injury on function and satisfaction was investigated. Results: The incidence of IPBSN injury was higher in the vertical group (4 patients vs. 10\n patients), but the difference was not statistically significant. The mean of Lysholm and\n VAS scores were the same. Also, the mean of Lysholm score was the same in patients with\n and without IPBSN injury. However, patients without IPBSN injury were more satisfied\n (8.9 ± 9 vs. 7.4 ± 1.1; P < 0.001). Conclusions: IPBSN injury is a common complication following arthroscopically-assisted ACLR and, if\n not significant, oblique direction of the incision is associated with decreased\n incidence of the injury. IPBSN injury has no effect on the function but because of the\n disturbance with patients' satisfaction, authors believe the oblique incision is\n preferable to avoid the nerve injury during medial hamstring tendons harvesting

Parnas in Amin Nakhlah’s Thought

Parnas which equals "al-fannlil-fann" or "al-barnasiyah" in Arabic and "art for art" in Persian, is a literary criticism school of thought and the borderline between romanticism and symbolism which has, unlike romanticism, neither compromised the poem for personal feelings and adopts it as a tool for expression of the inner perceptions and verve of the poet, nor, like symbolism, is of complexity and ambiguity, but it is based on the belief that poem is beautiful in its own capacity and it should be attached its proper value. This research aimsto survey this school of thought in the beliefs of one of the prominent Lebanese poets, Amin Nakhlahand explain its various aspects. In this research, the aim is to express the objectives of the poem in the views of Amin Nakhlah due to the fact that as a Parnassian poet, he aims to devote himself to the mere beauty of the poem and no other specific objectives should be sought in it. In this essay some of his odes such as "al-bulbul","al-shallal" and "al-habib" have been examined and it has been concluded that Amin Nakhlah is a structuralist classic poet who attaches special importance to the form of words and way of expression, not to its nature.In the meantime, itrepresents the ivory tower literature which elaborates on issues such as love, bulbul (nightingale) and the like

Murder License for Murder in the March; Reiterated in 2013 Approved Islamic Penal Code Regarding Mahdur al- Damm (Deserving Death)

In the case law of Iran, the punishment for a deliberate murder following the religion of Islam is retribution of the soul (qisas), but in cases, several retaliation orders have been eliminated, of such cases is Murder in the March and it is where a husband observes his wife and a barbarian man committing adultery and then commits the crime of murdering them. About the importance of this discussion, it is worth noting that the Article 302 of Islamic Punishment Code of 2013, also complying with the comment of the noted jurisprudents of Imamiyah, who have considered the murder of the wife and the barbarian adulterer by the husband the exclusion of retribution. Despite all criticisms made in the new Islamic Penal Code, it has again been reiterated and being slightly changed in the surface of the articles, they are still binding in accordance with the Article 630 of Islamic Punishment Code of sanctions sector, for this reason, efforts have been made in this research to study and lay out the aforementioned articles and present the previously conducted studies in this regard, dealing with these legal articles and the possibility to change them in order to resolve this problem. From the perspective of the case law, the Clause "E", the Article 302 of Islamic Penal Code, it can be misused by professional killers and be set forth as the Murder in the March. Although, the legislator has put punishment for Ta'zir or "deterrent" in the new law for arbitrary action without permission from the court and also taking measure based on the wrong belief but since in many cases, the perpetrators of honor murders, according to this decree, consider themselves right to commit this murder. It seems that the universality of the above decree has to be reduced and the punishment level for the arbitrary actions in such cases has to be added. The current research studies the well-known comment of the jurisprudents and its critique regarding Murder in the March related Murder License; reiterated in the Islamic Punishment Code approved in 2013 concerning Mahdor al-Adam.

Surface Tension Prediction of Ionic Liquid Binary Solutions

An ionic liquid is a salt in which the ions are poorly coordinated, which results in these solvents being liquid below 100 °C, or even at room temperature. At least one ion has a delocalized charge, and one component is organic, which prevents the formation of a stable crystal lattice. In the present work three classical thermodynamic models has been selected to predict the surface tensions of ionic liquid binary mixtures based on the CSGC model (corresponding-states group-contribution method), HSEG model (extended Guggenheim’s ideal solution model), and parachor model. To predict the surface tension of ionic liquid binary solution, we calculated critical parameters, density, and surface tension of pure component. To compare, theoretical and experimental data average standard deviation values have been calculated. These values for the studied ionic liquid binary systems show the HSEG model has good accordance in comparison with other predictive equations

A review of drug delivery systems based on nanotechnology and green chemistry: green nanomedicine

Hossein Jahangirian,1 Ensieh Ghasemian Lemraski,2 Thomas J Webster,1 Roshanak Rafiee-Moghaddam,3 Yadollah Abdollahi4 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA; 2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran; 3School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, 4Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Abstract: This review discusses the impact of green and environmentally safe chemistry on the field of nanotechnology-driven drug delivery in a new field termed &ldquo;green nanomedicine&rdquo;. Studies have shown that among many examples of green nanotechnology-driven drug delivery systems, those receiving the greatest amount of attention include nanometal particles, polymers, and biological materials. Furthermore, green nanodrug delivery systems based on environmentally safe chemical reactions or using natural biomaterials (such as plant extracts and microorganisms) are now producing innovative materials revolutionizing the field. In this review, the use of green chemistry design, synthesis, and application principles and eco-friendly synthesis techniques with low side effects are discussed. The review ends with a description of key future efforts that must ensue for this field to continue to grow. Keywords: green chemistry, cancer, drug delivery, nanoparticl

Prediction of solubility of ammonia in liquid electrolytes using Least Square Support Vector Machines

Liquid electrolytes or ionic liquids (ILs) are a new class of environmentally friendly solvents which is highly promising for refrigeration and air conditioning applications in chemical industrial processes.In this contribution, Least Square Support Vector Machine (LS-SVM) models have been utilized to predict the solubility of ammonia in ILs as a function of molecular weight (MW), critical temperature (Tc) and critical pressure (Pc) of pure ILs over wide ranges of temperature, pressure, and concentration. To this end, 352 experimental data points were collected from the published papers. Moreover, to verify the accuracy of the proposed models, statistical analyses such as regression coefficient, mean square error (MSE), average absolute deviation (AAD), standard deviation (STD) and root mean square error (RMSE) have been conducted on the calculated values. The results show the excellent performance of LSSVM models to predict the solubility of ammonia in different liquid electrolytes. Keywords: Ammonia, Solubility, Ionic liquid, Support Vector Machin

A review of using green chemistry methods for biomaterials in tissue engineering

Hossein Jahangirian,1 Ensieh Ghasemian Lemraski,2 Roshanak Rafiee-Moghaddam,1 Thomas J Webster1 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA; 2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran Abstract: Although environmentally safe, or green, technologies have revolutionized other fields (such as consumables, automobiles, etc.), its use in biomaterials is still at its infancy. However, in the few cases in which safe manufacturing technology and materials have been implemented to prevent postpollution and reduce the consumption of synthesized scaffold (such as bone, cartilage, blood cell, nerve, skin, and muscle) has had a significant impact on different applications of tissue engineering. In the present research, we report the use of biological materials as templates for preparing different kinds of tissues and the application of safe green methods in tissue engineering technology. These include green methods for bone and tissue engineering-based biomaterials, which have received the greatest amount of citations in recent years. Thoughts on what is needed for this field to grow are also critically included. In this paper, the impending applications of safe, ecofriendly materials and green methods in tissue engineering have been detailed. Keywords: ecofriendly, safe material, scaffold, green chemistry, biomaterials, tissue engineering, nanomedicine, nanoparticl

انسداد روده ناشی از بزوار، بررسی 19 مورد

مقدمه: بزوار مواد هضم نشده ای هستند که به علل مختلف در دستگاه گوارش باقی مانده اند و باعث بروز علائم و عوارض متنوع می شوند. یکی از عوارض نادر بزوار انسداد روده است که در این مطالعه بررسی شده است. روش کار: این مطالعه بصورت بررسی موارد(case series) در بازه زمانی 2 ساله از سال 1395 الی 1397 کلیه بیمارانی که با تشخیص انسداد روده باریک در بیمارستان امام حسین (ع) تحت عمل جراحی قرار گرفته بودند و پاتولوژی نهایی بزوار بوده است وارد مطالعه شدند. اطلاعات دموگرافیک و آزمایشگاهی و یافته های حین عمل در این بیماران مورد ارزیابی و تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. یافته ها: از تعداد 19 بیمار، 12 بیمار (63%) زن و 7 بیمار (37 %) مرد بودند. میانگین سنی بیماران2± 84/63 سال بود.15 بیمار در فصل زمستان و پاییز و 4 بیمار در بهار و تابستان مراجعه کرده بودند.بیماری های همراه شامل دیابت (42%)،سابقه جراحی معده (15%)،کم کاری تیروئید (5%) بود.مواد خارج شده شامل خرمالو (47%)، مواد نامعلوم (38%)، انار(10%)،مو (5%)بود شایع ترین علائم بالینی شامل درد شکم (87%)، تهوع و استفراغ (80%)، عدم دفع گاز و مدفوع (60%) بود. در معاینه بالینی یافته ها شامل دیستانسیون شکم(85%)، صداهای روده ای کاهش یافته (52%) تندرنس شکمی(48%) وDRE رکتوم خالی (45%).در آزمایشات یافته ها شامل لکوسیتوز(78%)، اسیدوز متابولیک (42%)، ازتمی پره رنال (32%) بود. شایع ترین محل های انسداد شامل 100 سانتی متری انتهایی ایلئوم 68.42% (13 بیمار)، ژژنوم 21% (4 بیمار)، معده و روده باریک همزمان 10.52%(2 بیمار).از این تعداد 13 بیمار(68 %) تحت انتروتومی برای خارج سازی بزوار و6 بیمار(31%) تحت دوشیدن بزوار قرار گرفتند. تمامی بیماران پس از طی سیر بهبودی از بیمارستان مرخص شدند. نتیجه گیری: بزوار یکی از علل نسبتا نادر انسداد روده باریک میباشد. در بیمارن مسن و دارای فاکتورهای زمینه ای برای بزوار و همچنین شرح حال مصرف اخیر میوه های با پتانسیل تشکیل بزوار در فصول پاییز و زمستان میتواند در تشخیص انسداد ناشی از بزوار کمک کننده باشد