A Pandemia da Covid-19 e a Influência em Crianças e Adolescentes com Transtorno do Espectro Autista: Uma Revisão Integrativa

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic imposed social distancing and interfered in the routine of children and adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Thus, the objective of this work was to analyze the impacts of the pandemic on the described target audience. Methodology: This is an integrative review, whose guiding question was: “How did the Covid-19 pandemic influence the daily lives of children and adolescents with ASD?”. The search for articles was carried out in the first semester of 2021 in the PubMed, BVS, ScienceDirect and Springerlink databases, with an initial double-blind analysis of titles and abstracts (Kappa=0.884). Results: After searching the databases and applying filters and inclusion and exclusion criteria, 21 articles were selected. The studies showed difficulties in implementing the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), lack of support from educational institutions, increased anxiety, among others. However, some studies have identified improvements in the development of children and adolescents with such disorders. One of the strategies used to overcome the situation was the tele-assistance for the maintenance of therapies. Discussion: The pandemic impacted the lives of young women with ASD and social isolation worsened the existing difficulties. Improvement in the development of some individuals was observed, which is attributed to greater family integration. The adaptation of the routine through technology for studies, communication with family members and access to treatments proved to be useful, although the needs are not always met and the presence of financial difficulties is verified, hindering the continuity of the therapeutic plans. The pandemic situation is also worsened due to the burden on caregivers and the difficulty in implementing the use of PPE. Conclusion: The pandemic impacted the routine of children and adolescents with ASD, bringing the need for adaptation through the use of technologies and routine adaptation.Introdução: A pandemia de COVID-19 impôs distanciamento social e interferiu na rotina de crianças e adolescentes com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA). Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar os impactos da pandemia no público-alvo descrito.  Metodologia: Trata-se de revisão integrativa, cuja questão norteadora foi: “Como a pandemia da Covid-19 influenciou o cotidiano das crianças e adolescentes com TEA?”. A busca de artigos foi realizada no primeiro semestre de 2021 nas bases PubMed, BVS, ScienceDirect e Springerlink, com análise inicial de títulos e resumos de modo duplo-cego (Kappa=0,884). Resultados: Após procura nas bases de dados e aplicação de filtros e critérios de inclusão e exclusão, foram selecionados 21 artigos. Os estudos apontaram dificuldades na implementação do uso de equipamentos de proteção individual (EPI), falta de suporte por parte de instituições educacionais, aumento na ansiedade, dentre outras. Porém, alguns trabalhos identificaram melhoras no desenvolvimento das crianças e adolescentes com tais transtornos. Uma das estratégias usadas para contornar a situação foi o teleatendimento para a manutenção de terapias. Discussão: A pandemia gerou impacto na vida das jovens com TEA e o isolamento social piorou as dificuldades já existentes. A melhoria no desenvolvimento de alguns indivíduos foi constatada, sendo isso atribuído à maior integração familiar. A adaptação da rotina por meio da tecnologia para estudos, comunicação com familiares e acesso a tratamentos mostrou-se útil, embora as necessidades nem sempre sejam atendidas e verifique-se a presença de dificuldades financeiras, atrapalhando a continuidade dos planos terapêuticos. A situação pandêmica também é piorada devido à sobrecarga dos cuidadores e à dificuldade da implementação do uso de EPIs. Conclusão: A pandemia impactou a rotina das crianças e adolescentes com TEA, trazendo a necessidade de adaptação por meio do uso de tecnologias e adequação de rotina

Combination of Melatonin and Metformin Hydrochloride for Treatment Polycystic Ovarian in Female Rats

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a gynecological endocrine disorder, results in menstrual abnormalities, androgynism and infertility. In the case of women or others animals with PCOS wishing to treat infertility with the aim of becoming pregnant, the most commonly used is metformin hydrochloride. Recent studies have analyzed the combination of metformin hydrochloride with melatonin in oncological treatment but not to treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The aim of the present study was to analyze the effectiveness of the combination of metformin hydrochloride and melatonin in the treatment of PCOS to improve the fertility of rats and your hormonal alterations.Materials, Methods & Results: This study was carried out in strict accordance with the recommendations in the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals of the National Institutes of Health. The protocol was approved by the Committee on the Ethics of Animal Experiments of the University of Federal Rural of Pernambuco (Permit Number: 23081.009130/2010). A total of 50 albino Wistar rats were used. The animal laboratory of an academic research environment, were randomly separated into five groups consisting of 10 females each. After inducing PCOS, the rats were treated with metformin hydrochloride, and/or melatonin, and the results compared with standard and ultrasound confirmed. The physiological similarities were confirmed by our academic researchers morphological science, and published to the association results of effects syndrome induction through constant lighting in reputable magazine recently. This article was analyzed histological of the implantation sites and ovaries, and the estradiol and progesterone levels on the seventh day of gestation, and the other rats for monitoring pregnancy and morphological identification of possible fetal abnormalities, weight measurement and quantification of offspring. The rats were anaesthetized with intraperitoneal injections of ketamine hydrochloride (80 mg/kg) and xylazine (6 mg/kg) to allow analysis of the reproductive organs. Main outcome measures: The study included histopathology, histochemical and quantitative (of the implantation sites) tests, ultrasound analysis, weight benchmarking and ovarian histology tests, as well as comparison of serum estradiol and progesterone levels, and the morphological assessment of offspring. Results paper shows pharmacological treatment reduced the time needed for pregnancy, increased the plasma progesterone levels, the number and weight of offspring, and reduced plasma estrogen levels and collagen fiber grade, improving blastocyst-endometrium interaction and fetal development.Discussion: Our team of researchers confirmed in a previous paper; in addition, the main experimental model used in research about PCOS in recent years, and considered appropriate combination of the drugs caused a physiological reaction similar to responses identified in healthy rats without induction of the POS control group. However, the clinical and physiological effectiveness of the combination should be further explored, especially with respect to the possible side effects on offspring. The treatment with a combination of metformin hydrochloride and melatonin was more effective against hormonal alterations produced by PCOS, allowing a normalization of biochemical parameters during pregnancy, than monotherapeutic treatment with these drugs. In conclusion, proposed drug combination is a viable option to treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome and improved fetal development. This article allows suggest that further research should be conducted to examine effects associated with these drugs in the treatment of diseases of the female reproductive system experimentally. Only such treatment later in animals and humans suggest

Perfil sociodemográfico de pacientes portadores de HIV/AIDS internados no Hospital Universitário Alcides Carneiro para tratamento de infecções oportunistas / Sociodemographic profile of HIV/AIDS patients admitted to Hospital Universitário Alcides Carneiro for treatment of opportunistic infections

O Brasil tem enfrentado uma transição no perfil do HIV, seguindo rumo a feminização, pauperização, interiorização, heterossexualização e juvenilização da doença – fenômenos os quais foram identificados em artigo recente, em amostras de populações vivendo com HIV/AIDS na Capital do Estado da Paraíba. A identificação do perfil sociodemográfico é importante, uma vez que o perfil de pessoas vivendo com HIV/AIDS (PVHA) é muito variável a depender da localidade onde residem. Apesar de Campina Grande ser a segunda cidade na Paraíba com maior número de casos acumulados, não há contribuições científicas recentes sobre a temática na região. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever o perfil sociodemográfico dos pacientes portadores de HIV/AIDS internados no serviço de Infectologia do Hospital Universitário Alcides Carneiro (HUAC) para tratamento de Infecções Oportunistas. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de corte transversal, do tipo observacional, a qual contou como instrumento de coleta de dados, questionários aplicados aos usuários internados na Ala E, do mesmo serviço, no período entre Agosto de 2017 e Julho de 2018. O perfil predominante foi de homens heterossexuais na faixa etária de 50 a 54 anos, pardos, analfabetos, desempregados, ou com renda salarial de até um salário mínimo, não usuário de drogas, com provável modo de transmissão viral por via sexual, com situação de residência urbana, estado civil solteiros, com média de 3 filhos, católicos, os quais, 50% alegavam usar preservativo. De forma comparativa, o perfil sociodemográfico apresentou a maior parte das variáveis semelhantes à demonstrada por outros pesquisadores brasileiros, seguindo as tendências nacionais. Conclui-se que o perfil epidemiológico do grupo populacional estudado acompanha o padrão nacional, exceto quanto à faixa etária, que se apresentou, predominantemente, acima de 50 anos nos indivíduos estudados na atual pesquisa

Morphological and morphometrical characteristics of arterial, venous and accessory venous Corona Mortis: Case Report

Corona Mortis (CM) is a variation determined by the arterial and / or venous connection between the anastomotic branches of the obturator artery and the inferior epigastric branch on the superior branch of the pubis. Knowledge about the different morphological and topographic possibilities of MC is relevant and deserves attention because it is an anatomical structure with high potential for lethal risk during pelvic surgical procedures. Thus, the study sought to characterize the CM vessels found in a right hemipelve during a routine dissection. Measurements of length, diameter and distances were measured with a digital caliper. The arterial CM was 4.8 cm long and 0.2 cm in diameter, while the venous CM had 4.1 cm and 0.31 cm, respectively. The presence of an accessory vein (VCMa) was also found. Therefore, the knowledge about such variation is fundamental to minimize the risks of bleeding and possible iatrogenic errors in this region