159 research outputs found
Le discours historique comme objet politique : regard sur l'enseignement de l'histoire du Québec du niveau secondaire de 1967 à 2012
Ce mĂ©moire traite de la prĂ©sence des grands courants idĂ©ologiques et des grandes gĂ©nĂ©rations historiographiques au sein des programmes et des manuels scolaires dâhistoire du QuĂ©bec de 1967 Ă 2012. Plus prĂ©cisĂ©ment, il interroge les trois principaux programmes dâhistoire du QuĂ©bec, et les manuels qui en dĂ©coulent, ayant vu le jour depuis la crĂ©ation du ministĂšre de lâĂducation du QuĂ©bec, soit le programme de 1967, de 1982 et de 2007. Pour ce faire, il joint Ă certaines mĂ©thodes dâĂ©valuation de programmes, Ă la fois le codage appliquĂ© Ă lâanalyse de discours, la lexicomĂ©trie et lâanalyse statistique. Par ce processus, il a Ă©tĂ© possible de relever les continuitĂ©s et les ruptures des visĂ©es des programmes et du discours des manuels. Ainsi, ce mĂ©moire se penche-t-il sur un certain nombre de thĂ©matiques et de prĂ©misses mises de lâavant lorsquâavait lieu la polĂ©mique entourant le programme du cours dâHistoire et Ă©ducation Ă la citoyennetĂ© en 2007. AccusĂ© souvent dâutilitariste, dâultralibĂ©ral, de multiculturaliste ou de socioconstructiviste, ce programme est en effet au cĆur dâune transformation paradigmatique. Cependant, sâil y a bel et bien un changement idĂ©ologique, ce mĂ©moire dĂ©montre que ce changement sâest fait en continuitĂ© avec les programmes et les manuels prĂ©cĂ©dents. En fait, la seule vĂ©ritable rupture pouvant faire office dâun changement paradigmatique est en matiĂšre dâhistoriographie : non seulement assistons-nous Ă la disparition de lâhistoriographie quĂ©bĂ©coise au sein de ce programme, mais aussi Ă sa diminution flagrante dans les manuels. Par le fait mĂȘme, nous en venons Ă la conclusion que la polĂ©mique entourant le programme de 2007 fut surtout â bien plus que ce que lâon a voulu lâavouer â une confrontation de nature disciplinaire
Analyse discursive des manuels dâhistoire de 1967 Ă 2012 : Coup dâĆil sur vingt Ă©vĂšnements historiques du QuĂ©bec
RĂ©sumĂ©Â Cet article interroge la reprĂ©sentation de vingt grands personnages historiques du QuĂ©bec au sein des manuels dĂ©coulant des trois principaux programmes dâhistoire du ministĂšre de lâĂducation du QuĂ©bec ayant vu le jour depuis sa crĂ©ation, soit le programme de 1967, de 1982 et de 2007. Lâobjectif ici est de relever la prĂ©sence des idĂ©ologies politiques et identitaires au sein de ces reprĂ©sentations, ainsi que leurs continuitĂ©s et leurs ruptures. Pour ce faire, nous joignons Ă lâanalyse de contenu qualitative le codage appliquĂ© Ă lâanalyse de discours, lequel nous permet de procĂ©der, dans un dernier temps, Ă une analyse statistique. SummaryThis article examines the representation of twenty great figures in Quebecâs history, found within textbooks from the three main programs of the Department of History of Education of Quebec that have emerged since its creation (1967, 1982, 2007). The aim is to detect the presence of political ideologies and identity within these representations and their continuities and conclusions. To do this, we join to the qualitative content analysis with the coding applied to discourse analysis, which allows us to carry out further statistical analyses
Whatâs new in French Sociology?
In the United States, French sociology has traditionally been encapsulated in the label, "French theory." From France, such a label is often considered as a distorted picture of past French debates through a contemporary American mirror. This reflects neither the actual history of French debates in the late 20th century, nor the more contemporary state of the art in social sciences in France (...)
Lâanalyse de contenu, une voie dâor pour lâanalyse des politiques eÌducatives ? EÌtude de cas du programme dâHistoire et eÌducation aÌ la citoyenneteÌ et de sa controverse
Cet article propose une analyse de lâinfluence des meÌdias dans le cycle dâeÌlaboration des politiques eÌducatives en sâappuyant sur une eÌtude de cas portant sur la controverse de 2006 entourant le programme dâHistoire et eÌducation aÌ la citoyenneteÌ de deuxieÌme cycle du secondaire au QueÌbec. Nous y soulignons lâimportance des meÌdias dans lâeÌmergence du deÌbat au sein de la spheÌre publique, lâalimentation et lâamplification de ce dernier, ainsi que son incidence directe sur la deÌcision de reÌvision du programme par le gouvernement du QueÌbec. Pour ce faire, nous proceÌdons aÌ une conceptualisation de la controverse, laquelle est deÌcomposeÌe en cinq grands enjeux se trouvant chacun au centre dâune confrontation entre deux dimensions. Câest aÌ partir de cette conceptualisation que nous eÌtablissons notre grille dâanalyse, puis proceÌdons aÌ une analyse de contenu de la version preÌliminaire du programme, de sa seconde version et dâune trentaine dâarticles de journaux publieÌs entre le deÌbut de la controverse et la preÌsentation de cette seconde version. Cette analyse nous permet dâobserver que sur le plan quantitatif, la controverse a eu peu dâeffet, alors que sur le plan qualitatif, nous pouvons observer quelques changements subtils, mais importants
Point de vue des directions et des directions adjointes dâĂ©tablissement du rĂ©seau scolaire public quĂ©bĂ©cois sur la dynamique de prise de dĂ©cision en contexte de crise au moment de la premiĂšre vague de la COVID-19
The crisis of the COVID-19 is presented as a rupture event likely to have a structuring impact on the Quebec school system. What are the political and pedagogical issues that emerge from the management of this crisis in the Quebec school system, from the point of view of school principals, key players in school governance? Our study is part of the theoretical field of educational policy analysis. The analysis of scientific literature, the monitoring of current events in the education sector and the conduct of semi-directed interviews with school principals are the research strategies used to map out the events and measures related to the management of the crisis in the Quebec school system from February 2020 to August 2020. We discuss the reported impact of these events and measures on school organization and learning. We present some findings that relate to organizational learning.La crise de la COVID-19 se prĂ©sente comme un Ă©vĂšnement de rupture susceptible dâavoir un impact structurant sur le systĂšme scolaire quĂ©bĂ©cois. Quels sont les enjeux politiques et pĂ©dagogiques qui se dĂ©gagent de la gestion de cette crise en milieu scolaire au QuĂ©bec, du point de vue des directions dâĂ©tablissement, acteurs pivots de la gouvernance scolaire ? Notre Ă©tude sâinscrit dans le champ thĂ©orique de lâanalyse des politiques Ă©ducatives. Lâanalyse des Ă©crits scientifiques, la veille de lâactualitĂ© scolaire et la rĂ©alisation dâentretiens semi-dirigĂ©s avec des directions dâĂ©tablissement sont les stratĂ©gies de recherche mobilisĂ©es pour, notamment, dresser la trame des Ă©vĂšnements et des mesures liĂ©s Ă la gestion de la crise en milieu scolaire quĂ©bĂ©cois, de fĂ©vrier 2020 Ă aoĂ»t 2020. Nous discutons de lâimpact dĂ©clarĂ© de ces Ă©vĂšnements et de ces mesures sur lâorganisation et lâapprentissage scolaires. Nous prĂ©sentons quelques constats qui relĂšvent de lâapprentissage organisationnel
Gestion de crise et Ă©ducation au QuĂ©bec : les reprĂ©sentations des directions dâĂ©tablissement sur les rĂŽles et les responsabilitĂ©s des acteurs scolaires en temps de COVID-19
La pandĂ©mie de la COVID-19 a entraĂźnĂ© des rĂ©flexions au regard du partage des rĂŽles et des responsabilitĂ©s des acteurs scolaires en contexte de crise et en vue de la poursuite de la mission de lâĂ©cole quĂ©bĂ©coise. La prĂ©sente recherche sâappuie principalement sur 12 entretiens semi-dirigĂ©s rĂ©alisĂ©s au cours de lâĂ©tĂ© 2020 auprĂšs de directions dâĂ©tablissement scolaire Ă©voluant en enseignement obligatoire (primaire et secondaire). Elle permet de cerner leurs reprĂ©sentations Ă lâĂ©gard des rĂŽles et des responsabilitĂ©s des acteurs scolaires selon leurs fonctions Ă lâintĂ©rieur de lâorganisation scolaire. Lâanalyse permet dâobserver la perception dâun partage Ă gĂ©omĂ©trie variable des rĂŽles et des responsabilitĂ©s des acteurs scolaires Ă lâĂ©gard de la communication, du leadership, du maintien du bien-ĂȘtre et de la poursuite des activitĂ©s rĂ©guliĂšres.The COVID-19 pandemic has led to reflections in Quebec regarding the sharing of roles and responsibilities of school actors in the context of crisis and with a view to the pursuit of the mission of Quebec schools. This research is based primarily on 12 semi-structured interviews conducted during the summer of 2020 with school principals in compulsory education (primary and secondary). It allows us to identify their representations regarding the roles and responsibilities of school stakeholders according to their functions and positions within the school organization. The analysis allows us to observe a variable geometry sharing of the perceived roles and responsibilities of the actors about communication, leadership, maintaining well-being and the pursuit of regular activities
Differences in metabolomic and transcriptomic profiles between responders and non-responders to an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) supplementation
Studies have demonstrated large within-population heterogeneity in plasma triacylglycerol (TG) response to n-3 PUFA supplementation. The objective of the study was to compare metabolomic and transcriptomic profiles of responders and non-responders of an n-3 PUFA supplementation. Thirty subjects completed a 2-week run-in period followed by a 6-week supplementation with n-3 PUFA (3 g/d). Six subjects did not lower their plasma TG (+9 %) levels (non-responders) and were matched to 6 subjects who lowered TG (â41 %) concentrations (responders) after the n-3 PUFA supplementation. Pre-n-3 PUFA supplementation characteristics did not differ between the non-responders and responders except for plasma glucose concentrations. In responders, changes were observed for plasma hexose concentrations, docosahexaenoic acid, stearoyl-CoA-desaturase-18 ratio, and the extent of saturation of glycerophosphatidylcholine after n-3 PUFA supplementation; however, no change in these parameters was observed in non-responders. Transcriptomic profiles after n-3 PUFA supplementation indicate changes in glycerophospholipid metabolism in both subgroups and sphingolipid metabolism in non-responders. Six key genes in lipid metabolism: fatty acid desaturase 2, phospholipase A2 group IVA, arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase, phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase, monoglyceride lipase, and glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, were expressed in opposing direction between subgroups. In sum, results highlight key differences in lipid metabolism of non-responders compared to responders after an n-3 PUFA supplementation, which may explain the inter-individual variability in plasma TG response
Mixing Low-Precision Formats in Multiply-Accumulate Units for DNN Training
International audienceThe most compute-intensive stage of deep neural network (DNN) training is matrix multiplication where the multiply-accumulate (MAC) operator is key. To reduce training costs, we consider using low-precision arithmetic for MAC operations. While low-precision training has been investigated in prior work, the focus has been on reducing the number of bits in weights or activations without compromising accuracy. In contrast, the focus in this paper is on implementation details beyond weight or activation width that affect area and accuracy. In particular, we investigate the impact of fixed-versus floating-point representations, multiplier rounding, and floatingpoint exceptional value support. Results suggest that (1) lowprecision floating-point is more area-effective than fixed-point for multiplication, (2) standard IEEE-754 rules for subnormals, NaNs, and intermediate rounding serve little to no value in terms of accuracy but contribute significantly to area, (3) lowprecision MACs require an adaptive loss-scaling step during training to compensate for limited representation range, and (4) fixed-point is more area-effective for accumulation, but the cost of format conversion and downstream logic can swamp the savings. Finally, we note that future work should investigate accumulation structures beyond the MAC level to achieve further gains
A framework for parameter estimation using sharp-interface seawater intrusion models
Funding : This work was supported by Quebecâs MinistĂšre de l'Environnement et de la Lutte contre les changements climatiques (MELCC) [project « Acquisition de connaissances sur les eaux souterraines dans la rĂ©gion des Ăles-de-la-Madeleine » (Groundwater characterization project in the Magdalen Islands region)]; and the Fonds quĂ©bĂ©cois de la recherche sur la nature et les technologies (FRQNT) [International internship program accessed through CentrEau, the Quebec Water Research Center]. The authors would like to thank the Municipality of Les Ăles-de-la-Madeleine for providing pumping datasets and information on current and historical groundwater management. They would also like to thank the team at UniversitĂ© Laval working on the Magdalen Islands project, for their help acquiring datasets and for field logistics, John Molson, for proofreading, and finally the two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments. The authors would also like to thank Vincent Post for discussions on deep open boreholes, and Francesca Lotti and John Doherty for discussions on seawater intrusion modeling and data assimilation. J-C Comte and O Banton acknowledge the financial support from the Fonds d'Action QuĂ©bĂ©cois pour le DĂ©veloppement Durable for the ERT data collection, undertaken as part of the Madelin'Eau consortium (Ageos-Enviro'Puits-Hydriad), and further thank the Municipality of Les Ăles-de-la-Madeleine for fieldwork logistical and technical support.Peer reviewedproo
Multi-template approaches for segmenting the hippocampus: the case of the SACHA software
International audienceThe hippocampus has been shown to play a crucial role in memory and learning. Its volumetry is a well-established biomarker of Alzheimerâs Disease (AD) and hippocampal sclerosis in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Manual segmentation being time consuming and suffering from low reproducibility,robust automatic segmentation from routine T1 images is of high interest for studying large datasets. We previously proposed such an approach (SACHA, Chupin et al, 2007, 2009), based on competitive region deformation constrained by both anatomical landmarks and a single probabilistic template of 16 young healthy subjects registered using SPM5. The atlas being introduced as a soft constraint, robust results have been obtained in large series of patients with various pathologies. In recent years, multitemplate approaches have proven to be a powerful mean to increase segmentation robustness (Barnes et al, 2008) (Aljabar et al, 2009) (Heckemann et al 2006), more specifically for subjects with very large atrophy or atypical shapes (such as malrotations (Bernasconi et al, 2005) (Kim et al, 2012)).We propose here to evaluate the introduction of multiple-template constraints in SACHA
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