On the stability of the oxides film formed on a magnesium alloy containing rare-earth elements

The electrochemical behaviour of a commercial magnesium alloy containing rare-earth elements, the WE43, was investigated by electrochemical techniques in both sulphate and chloride solutions and compared to that of pure magnesium (99.95 wt %). A particular attention was paid to the oxides film that formed during the corrosion process. Electrochemical impedance data analysis allowed the oxides films thickness to be determined. The film was thinner and more protective for the WE43 Mg alloy than for the pure Mg. ToF-SIMS analysis showed the incorporation of alloying elements, mainly yttrium and zirconium in the corrosion products layer. A higher compactness due to a higher Pilling-Bedworth ratio can explain the electrochemical results

Syndrome de Carrington (à propos de quatre observations et revue de la littérature)

Le syndrome de Carrington ou pneumopathie chronique idiopathique à éosinophiles est une affection rare, de cause inconnue, d'évolution prolongée, atteignant avec prédilection la femme autour de 45 ans aux antécédents atopiques fréquents, en particulier asthmatiques. Le syndrome de Carrington est caractérisé par une altération de l'état général quasi constante associée à des manifestations pulmonaires non spécifiques, une hyperéosinophilie sanguine avec un syndrome inflammatoire biologique, une hyperéosinophilie alvéolaire au lavage broncho-alvéolaire et une infiltration pulmonaire radiologique à prédominance périphérique. Il se distingue également par une remarquable corticosensibilité, proposée par de nombreux auteurs comme véritable test diagnostique et par la fréquence des rechutes à l'arrêt ou à la décroissance de la corticothérapie. Le pronostic à long terme est considéré comme favorable malgré le développement fréquent d'une corticodépendance due à l'importance des rechutes ou à la survenue d'un asthme sévère. A propos de quatre observations et d'une revue de la littérature, nous mettons en évidence la difficulté dans certains cas d'affirmer le diagnostic par rapport notamment au syndrome de Churg et Strauss. Les données du lavage broncho-alvéolaire sont alors essentielles, de même que la réponse aux corticoïdes, pour orienter le diagnostic, réduisant ainsi la place du diagnostic histologique par biopsie pulmonaire chirurgicale. Les difficultés diagnostiques parfois rencontrées peuvent s'expliquer par le fait que les frontières nosologiques entre certaines pneumopathies à éosinophiles restent floues et que le rôle du polynucléaire éosinophile doit être encore préciséAMIENS-BU Santé (800212102) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Introduction. Cuba : les temporalités et tensions du changement.

« Desde la aprobación de los Lineamientos por el pasado Congreso nos quedaba claro que el proceso de su implementación no constituiría un camino fácil, libre de obstáculos y contradicciones, así como que las transformaciones fundamentales requeridas para la actualización del modelo nos tomarían más de un quinquenio. […] No han faltado, como era lógico esperar, sentimientos de nostalgia hacia otros momentos menos complejos del proceso revolucionario, cuando existían la Unión Soviética y el cam..

Culture and Institution: Cuban Dynamics of Change, International Journal of Cuban Studies

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Cuba : temporalités et tensions du changement, Cahiers des Amériques latines

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EDITORIAL: Culture and Institution: Cuban Dynamics of Change

International audienceThis special issue of the International Journal of Cuban Studies (IJCS) is concerned with the analysis and evaluation of changes that Cuba has been undergoing , from the empirical and methodological perspectives of culture and institutions. 1 The articles we are presenting highlight the need to widen historical and geographical scopes to grasp the depth of changes and their numerous ramifications , rather than stop at what comes out as events or common sense, often simplified, categories. Most contributions also illustrate the web of relationships between culture-material, revolutionary, religious, political-and institutions, the latter being understood both as organisations at macro and meso-levels, and as norms, behaviours, practices, representations, and imaginaries, addressed at individual levels

Introduction. Culture and Institution: Cuban Dynamics of Change.

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Integrating 9 digital simulators to the initial training of 8000 nursing students in the region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine (France)

International audienceUsing simulation as a pedagogical tool to train health care professionals, both as initial training and continuing education, is a recommended teaching method in France1. On-screen digital simulation is one of the teaching modalities recommended for mass training compared to full-scale simulation training. However, digital simulation and therefore on-screen learning do require individual learners to have a specific set of skills (such as cognitive, metacognitive and motivational skills)2 How will the learners’ institutional and individual conditions (cognitive, metacognitive and motivational skills) impact the effectiveness of serious games on the educational outcome of nursing students? In September 2019, 8000 students selected from the 27 IFSI (Institute for Nurses in Training) across the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region will train using the MedicActiV TM platform which comprises a collection of 35 virtual nursing care cases covered by 9 screen-based simulators. This is a prospective and randomized study based on the chosen training modality (remote or in-person) and the choice of virtual case scenario. Evaluation of motivation conducted by EMFA, “Adult Education Motivation Scale”)3 and textbook knowledge (by approved MCQ) will undergo a standardized evaluation before and after the use of a simulator. An efficacy assessment (SAE)4 will be conducted upon reading the brief for the case scenario and before the debriefing phase (feedback compiled from answers). Software tracing will be analyzed alongside the questionnaire analysis. And the User Experience (UX) analysis will be done using the Attradiff2 scale5. A preliminary study with 200 students to evaluate the UX and gage the interest in such a pedagogical tool was conducted in May 2019. A quantitative study of the qualitative data was conducted using IRaMUTeQ in R. The word cloud representation shows how the words relate to one another and their strength based on how big they appear on the image. It shows this tool is interesting, fun, effective in broadening and solidifying knowledge, promotes team work and is well suited for our training program. The discussion group which was focused on the pedagogical aspect of the learning tool indicates, via the Chi-square p-value < 0.0001, that the learning tool broadens and solidifies knowledge (10.09) especially in therapeutic education (17.18), enables preparation for real-life cases (18.33), and promotes application in real-life situations (8.54). Interesting teaching modality; needs further development (9.82). The class asked to focus on the dissemination modality of the tool indicates that it is best suited for a small group of learners: smaller group if not one-on-one (6.08), difficult to give your answer in a large group, but large group enables finding answers (20.44). Results of the study presented above will be published in June 2020. Discussion and Conclusion Still today, initial training or continuing education for health care professionals through digital simulation is rare in France. Qualitative and quantitative analysis underscores the benefits of using the MedicActiV platform and pursuing this teaching modality for health care professionals. How many hours will the nursing students’ initial training last? What will be the ratio of summative evaluation in this type of teaching modality? What part will learning by digital simulation play in the initial training of student nurses 5 years from now, or in the context of continuing education? Stay tuned for the answer to these questions.Key words: Learning, autonomy, digital simulator, motivation, knowledge Bibliographie : 1 Guide rapport de l’HAS 20122 Huet et Mariné (1997), Contemporary Educational Psychology, 22(4), 507-5203 Fenouillet, F., Heutte,J., Vallerand, J-R. (2015) Validation of the Adult Motivation Scale, Fourth World congress on Positive Psychology (IPPA), Orlando, FL4 Bandura (1986), Prentice-Hall, inc : Englewood Cliffs, NJ,US 5 Lallemand, C., Koenig, V., Gronier, G., & Martin, R. (2015)). Création et validation d’une version française du questionnaire AttrakDiff pour l’évaluation de l’expérience utilisateur des systèmes interactifs. Revue européenne de psychologi

Des outils du réseau Etat en hydrométrie et leur ouverture aux notions d'incertitude

On the tools of the national hydrometry services and their extension to the uncertainty concepts. For managing the hydrologic network they are in charge of, the national hydrometry services use a set of computer tools (DP+, GRAPHYTE, BAREME, ...) dedicated to the processing and validation of data. BAREME is the software used for computing discharges from streamgauging data and for developing rating curves. BAREME offers no automatic function for establishing rating curves, but a set of tools to make the work of the operator easier when drawing the curve and validating it. However, the extrapolation of rating curves to high flows, as well as the evaluation of the uncertainty in the rating curve derivation, remain difficult in case gauging data or some hydraulic considerations are lacking. The Q+ and BaRatin methods recently developed by Irstea address these issues. The former method, based on the ISO748 standard, can be used to calculate the uncertainty in the gauged discharge. The latter method builds on streamgauging data, on conventional hydraulic formulas and possibly on the results of hydraulic modelling to provide the most likely fit of the rating curve along with its uncertainty interval. Both methods will be interfaced with BAREME in Spring 2013. The complete uncertainty analysis should then go further, from streamgauging data, rating curves and water level records, up to discharge time series and characteristic flow rates.Pour la gestion du réseau hydrométrique dont ils ont la charge, les services de l’Etat s’appuient notamment sur un ensemble d’outils informatiques (DP+, GRAPHYTE, BAREME, ...) dédiés au traitement et à la critique des données. BAREME est le logiciel utilisé pour le dépouillement des jaugeages et l’élaboration des courbes de tarage. BAREME n’offre pas de fonctionnalité de tracé automatique de la courbe de tarage, mais un ensemble d’outils destinés à faciliter le travail de l’opérateur au moment du tracé et pour la critique de ce dernier. Cependant, l’extrapolation des courbes de tarage en hautes eaux reste délicate en l’absence de jaugeages ou de considérations hydrauliques, tout comme l’évaluation de l’incertitude sur le tracé de la courbe de tarage. Les méthodes Q+ et BaRatin développées récemment par Irstea apportent une réponse à ces questions. La première, basée sur la norme ISO748, permet de calculer l’incertitude sur le débit jaugé. La seconde s’appuie sur les données de jaugeages, l’hydraulique classique, et éventuellement les résultats de modélisation hydraulique pour fournir le tracé le plus probable de la courbe de tarage ainsi que son enveloppe d’incertitude. Ces deux méthodes seront interfacées avec BAREME au printemps 2013. L’analyse d’incertitude complète devrait ensuite aller au-delà, depuis le jaugeage, la courbe de tarage et le limnigramme, jusqu’à l’hydrogramme et aux débits caractéristiques.Bechon Pierre-Marie, Le Coz Jérôme, Leleu Isabelle, Renard Benjamin. Des outils du réseau Etat en hydrométrie et leur ouverture aux notions d'incertitude. In: 35es journées de l’hydraulique de la Société Hydrotechnique de France. Hydrométrie 2013. Paris, 15-16 mai 2013. 2013

Metal-Free SN2′ Decarboxylative Rearrangement of β-Keto Esters

Treatment of 2-methoxycarbonyl- (or 3-cyano-)allyl acetoacetates with a tertiary amine or triphenylphosphane afforded α-methylene γ-substituted δ-keto esters (or nitrile) in satisfactory yields. Various bases and nucleophiles were tested to elucidate the mechanism. The results of the study strongly suggest an intermolecular pathway involving a SN2′-decarboxylation-SN2′ cascade