Preservice Teacher Sense-Making as They Learn to Teach Reading as Seen Through Computer-Mediated Discourse

Abstract This collective case study used methods of discourse analysis to consider what computer-mediated collaboration might reveal about preservice teachers’ sense-making in a field-based practicum as they learn to teach reading to children identified as struggling readers. Researchers agree that field-based experiences coupled with time for reflection benefit preservice teachers as they learn to teach reading. However, research is not as clear about which features of practicum experiences lead to preservice teacher learning, which may contribute to preservice teacher misconceptions, and how learning about reading instruction might be rendered more visible to researchers. Grounded in sociocultural perspectives, analysis focused on language as a mediating tool for the construction of knowledge. Data collection spanned three semesters in a literacy assessment and intervention practicum. Preservice teachers constructed understandings of readers and reading instruction through reflecting, planning, and articulating their decision-making processes with one another in the online discussion board. Findings indicated that analysis of preservice teachers’ computer-mediated discussions provided a window into their sense-making processes. While some preservice teachers’ discourse demonstrated marked growth, other preservice teachers’ limited use of precise language related to reading assessment and intervention frequently inhibited their developing understandings and instructional decisions. As well, some of the decisions instructors made likely contributed to several PST misconceptions. We conclude with implications for computer-supported collaborative environments in teacher education as a means to make preservice teacher learning more visible and accessible as a tool for teaching and learning

O vulcanismo alta-sílica da região do Tupanci, NW do Escudo Sul-Rio-Grandense: faciologia, petrografia e litoquímica

Volcanic and hypabyssal acid rocks occur in the Tupanci area, NW portion of the Sul-Rio-Grandense Shield. These rocks are stratigraphically correlated to the Acampamento Velho Formation (~550 Ma), at the Camaquã Basin. This region has the northernmost exposure of this volcanic episode, which comprises effusive/ hypabyssal and pyroclastic rocks, with dominantly acid composition and sodic-alkaline affinity, whose genetic processes are linked to the post-collisional stages of the Brasiliano/Pan-Africano orogenic cycle. Acid volcanic rocks occur mainly as effusive deposits and also as pyroclastic deposits, in two Cerros (Hills): Tupanci and Picados. Cerro Tupanci defines an elongated (N-S) sub-volcanic intrusion of porphyritic rhyolites with phenocrysts of alkali feldspar and quartz surrounded by equigranular-fine-grained to aphanitic quartz-feldspar matrix, with a strong flow foliation on border regions. Cerro dos Picados shows texturally similar rhyolites, but with aphanitic to glassy matrix and presence of biotite; and pyroclastic deposits, characterized by rhyolitic ignimbrites. Ignimbrites occur in two facies: lithic-rich, with few devitrified and poorly elongated pumice and crystal fragments; and rheomorphic, with abundance of devitrified pumices with detachable eutaxitic texture, crystal fragments and rarely lithic fragments. Geochemical behavior allows to classify the magmatism as silica oversaturated, similar to the systems with high-silica, alkaline affinity and a metaluminous to slightly peralkaline trend with similar characteristics to “A” type granites. Petrographic and lithochemical data indicate a genetic linkage with the Acampamento Velho Formation magmatismA região do Tupanci, noroeste do Escudo Sul-Rio-Grandense (ESRG), apresenta depósi- tos vulcânicos ácidos, estratigraficamente correlacionados à Formação Acampamento Velho (~550 Ma), da Bacia do Camaquã.  Esta região é a exposição mais setentrional deste episódio vulcânico, caracterizado por sequências efusivas e piroclásticas, dominantemente ácidas, afinidade alcalina alta sílica sódica e vinculadas ao magmatismo pós-colisional do ciclo orogênico Brasiliano/Pan- -Africano no ESRG. As vulcânicas ácidas ocorrem na forma de depósitos efusivos e, em menor volu- me, piroclásticos, distribuídas em dois cerros: Cerro Tupanci e Cerro dos Picados. O Cerro Tupanci é uma intrusão subvulcânica alongada N-S, representada por riolitos porfiríticos, com fenocristais de sanidina e quartzo e uma matriz quartzo-feldspática equigranular fina a afanítica, com intensa foliação de fluxo nas regiões de borda. No Cerro dos Picados ocorrem riolitos texturalmente se- melhantes, porém com matriz afanítica de aspecto vítreo e presença de biotita, além de depósitos piroclásticos de ignimbritos riolíticos, divididos em duas fácies: uma rica em líticos, com púmices devitrificados e pouco estirados, além de pequenos e raros cristaloclastos; e outra de ignimbritos reomórficos, com abundantes púmices devitrificados, destacada textura eutaxítica, mais rica em cristaloclastos e raros litoclastos. O comportamento geoquímico de ambas as fácies classifica o magmatismo como supersaturado em sílica, semelhante aos sistemas de alta sílica, afinidade alcali- na sódica, e tendência metaluminosa a levemente peralcalina, com características dos granitos tipo “A”. Os dados faciológicos, petrográficos e litoquímicos obtidos indicam vinculação genética destas rochas com o vulcanismo da Formação Acampamento Velho.

Comparison between clinical grading and navigation data of knee laxity in ACL-deficient knees

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The latest version of the navigation system for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction has the supplementary ability to assess knee stability before and after ACL reconstruction. In this study, we compared navigation data between clinical grades in ACL-deficient knees and also analyzed correlation between clinical grading and navigation data.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>150 ACL deficient knees that received primary ACL reconstruction using an image-free navigation system were included. For clinical evaluation, the Lachman, anterior drawer, and pivot shift tests were performed under general anesthesia and were graded by an examiner. For the assessment of knee stability using the navigation system, manual tests were performed again before ACL reconstruction. Navigation data were recorded as anteroposterior (AP) displacement of the tibia for the Lachman and anterior drawer tests, and both AP displacement and tibial rotation for the pivot shift test.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Navigation data of each clinical grade were as follows; Lachman test grade 1+: 10.0 mm, grade 2+: 13.2 ± 3.1 mm, grade 3+: 14.5 ± 3.3 mm, anterior drawer test grade 1+: 6.8 ± 1.4 mm, grade 2+: 7.4 ± 1.8 mm, grade 3+: 9.1 ± 2.3 mm, pivot shift test grade 1+: 3.9 ± 1.8 mm/21.5° ± 7.8°, grade 2+: 4.8 ± 2.1 mm/21.8° ± 7.1°, and grade 3+: 6.0 ± 3.2 mm/21.1° ± 7.1°. There were positive correlations between clinical grading and AP displacement in the Lachman, and anterior drawer tests. Although positive correlations between clinical grading and AP displacement in pivot shift test were found, there were no correlations between clinical grading and tibial rotation in pivot shift test.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>In response to AP force, the navigation system can provide the surgeon with correct objective data for knee laxity in ACL deficient knees. During the pivot shift test, physicians may grade according to the displacement of the tibia, rather than rotation.</p

Terminology for Achilles tendon related disorders

The terminology of Achilles tendon pathology has become inconsistent and confusing throughout the years. For proper research, assessment and treatment, a uniform and clear terminology is necessary. A new terminology is proposed; the definitions hereof encompass the anatomic location, symptoms, clinical findings and histopathology. It comprises the following definitions: Mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy: a clinical syndrome characterized by a combination of pain, swelling and impaired performance. It includes, but is not limited to, the histopathological diagnosis of tendinosis. Achilles paratendinopathy: an acute or chronic inflammation and/or degeneration of the thin membrane around the Achilles tendon. There are clear distinctions between acute paratendinopathy and chronic paratendinopathy, both in symptoms as in histopathology. Insertional Achilles tendinopathy: located at the insertion of the Achilles tendon onto the calcaneus, bone spurs and calcifications in the tendon proper at the insertion site may exist. Retrocalcaneal bursitis: an inflammation of the bursa in the recess between the anterior inferior side of the Achilles tendon and the posterosuperior aspect of the calcaneus (retrocalcaneal recess). Superficial calcaneal bursitis: inflammation of the bursa located between a calcaneal prominence or the Achilles tendon and the skin. Finally, it is suggested that previous terms as Haglund’s disease; Haglund’s syndrome; Haglund’s deformity; pump bump (calcaneus altus; high prow heels; knobbly heels; cucumber heel), are no longer used