Sozialräume im Gemeindebau

In dieser Arbeit soll es um die Zusammenhänge von Milieuzugehörigkeit, Desintegrationserfahrungen und dem Verhalten bzw. den Einstellungen dem eigenen näheren Sozialraum gegenüber gehen. Dazu wurden 14, nach Herkunft, sozialem Status, Alter, Wohndauer und Einstellungsmustern sehr unterschiedliche BewohnerInnen eines Wiener Gemeindebaus, dem Handelskai 214 im 2. Wiener Gemeindebezirk, interviewt. Zusätzlich führte ich vier ExpertInneninterviews mit Personen, die aus beruflichen Gründen mit der Situation im Gemeindebau vertraut sind. Konkret wurden Fragen zu Ortsbindungen und physischer Raumaneignung (auf verschiedenen räumlichen Ebenen), zu Einstellungen zur Nachbarschaft, zu Einschätzungen des Zusammenlebens, Konfliktwahrnehmungen und Konfliktlösungsstrategien gestellt. Ein bei manchen Interviews sehr intensiv besprochenes Thema waren Schilderungen des (manchmal konflikthaften) Zusammenlebens mit Menschen anderer Herkunft. Im theoretischen Teil werden verschiedene Raumkonzeptionen und das, dieser Arbeit zugrunde liegende, Raumverständnis erörtert, Theorien und Studien zu Ortsidentität, Raumaneignung und Ortsbindungen dargelegt, sozialräumliche Veränderungen durch Individualisierung und Globalisierung thematisiert, Milieutheorien und milieuspezifisches Raumverhalten beleuchtet und ein Erklärungsansatz für das Entstehen ethnischer Konflikte, die Desintegrationstheorie, vorgestellt. Unter anderem anhand dieser theoretischen „Bausteine“ wurden die Aussagen der BewohnerInnen erörtert, in einer Fallkontrastierung verglichen und darauf aufbauend anhand einer Art Typologie interpretiert.This thesis is about the interrelations between belonging to a milieu, desintegration experiences, and the attitudes and behaviour towards the surrounding „social space“. I conducted interviews with 14 residents of a community-subsidized tenement complex (“Gemeindebau”), the Handelskai 214, in the second Viennese district, who very different regarding their social, cultural and ethnic backgrounds, their age, the length of residence, and their general clusters of attitudes. Additionally, I conducted interviews with “experts”, who are or were professionally involved with the (social) situation of the residents. More concretely, questions regarding their place attachment, physical space appropriation (on different spatial levels), their attitudes towards neighbourship and the community, conflict perceptions and preferred solutions. A disputed topic in some interviews was the perception 5 of and – sometimes conflict-ridden – confrontation with residents of a different cultural or ethnic background. In the first, theoretical part, the underlying conception of space of the thesis, theories and studies dealing with place identity, space appropriation, and place attachment, social and spatial changes due to individualisation and globalisation, theories of milieus and milieu-specific spatial behaviour, and an explanation for the development of ethnic conflicts, the disintegration theory, will be discussed and presented. Partly within this theoretical framework, the interviews will be interpreted, contrasted in a case comparison and as a result, a sort of typology will be developed

Das Zeichensystem N

Das Zeichensystem N, der Gegenstand dieser Arbeit, wurde entwickelt ausgehend von zentralen semiotischen Fragestellungen des Tractatus logico-philosophicus. N ist eine aussagenlogische Notation mit den folgenden Besonderheiten: 1) Sie ist eine zweidimensionale Notation. 2) Sie hat keine Verknüpfungszeichen und und keine Klammern. 3) Dasselbe Satzzeichen kann auf mehr als eine Art aufgefaßt werden, wobei die unterschiedlichen Lesarten äquivalent sind. 4) Die Satzzeichen sind transparent bezüglich der fundamentalen logischen Eigenschaften von Sätzen und logischen Beziehungen zwischen Sätzen, soweit diese im Rahmen der Aussagenlogik aufweisbar sind

Facilitating low-carbon living? A comparison of intervention measures in different community-based initiatives

The challenge of facilitating a shift towards sustainable housing, food and mobility has been taken up by diverse community-based initiatives ranging from ‘top-down’ approaches in low-carbon municipalities to ‘bottom-up’ approaches in intentional communities. This paper compares intervention measures of these two types, focusing on their potential of re-configuring daily housing, food and mobility practices. Taking up critics on dominant intervention framings of diffusing low-carbon technical innovations and changing individual behaviour, we draw on social practice theory for the empirical analysis of four case studies. Framing interventions in relation to re-configuring daily practices, the paper reveals differences and weaknesses of current low-carbon measures of community-based initiatives in Germany and Austria. Low-carbon municipalities mainly focus on introducing technologies and offering additional infrastructure and information to promote low-carbon practices. They avoid interfering into residents’ daily lives and do not restrict carbon-intensive practices. In contrast, intentional communities base their interventions on the collective creation of shared visions, decisions and rules and thus provide social and material structures, which foster everyday low-carbon practices and discourage carbon-intensive ones. The paper discusses the relevance of organisational and governance structures for implementing different types of low-carbon measures and points to opportunities for broadening current policy strategies

Investigating patterns of local climate governance: How low-carbon municipalities and intentional communities intervene in social practices

The local level has gained prominence in climate policy and governance in recent years as it is increasingly perceived as a privileged arena for policy experimentation and social and institutional innovation. However, the success of local climate governance in industrialized countries has been limited. One reason may be that local communities focus too much on strategies of technology-oriented ecological modernization and individual behavior change and too little on strategies that target unsustainable social practices and their embeddedness in complex socioeconomic patterns. In this paper we assess and compare the strategies of "low-carbon municipalities" (top-down initiatives) and those of "intentional communities" (bottom-up initiatives). We were interested to determine to what extent and in which ways each community type intervenes in social practices to curb carbon emissions and to explore the scope for further and deeper interventions on the local level. Using an analytical framework based on social practice theory we identify characteristic patterns of intervention for each community type. We find that low-carbon municipalities face difficulties in transforming carbon-intensive social practices. While offering some additional low-carbon choices, their ability to reduce carbon-intensive practices is very limited. Their focus on efficiency and individual choice shows little transformative potential. Intentional communities, by contrast, have more institutional and organizational options to intervene in the web of social practices. Finally, we explore to what extent low-carbon municipalities can learn from intentional communities and propose strategies of hybridization for policy innovation to combine the strengths of both models

Investigating patterns of local climate governance: how low-carbon municipalities and intentional communities intervene into social practices

The local level has gained prominence in climate policy and governance in recent years as it is increasingly perceived as privileged arena for policy experimentation and social and institutional innovation. Yet, the success of local climate governance in industrialised countries has been limited so far. One reason may be that local communities focus too much on strategies of technology-oriented ecological modernisation (EM) and individual behaviour change and too little on strategies that target unsustainable social practices and their embeddedness in complex patterns of practices. In this paper we assess and compare the strategies of ‘low-carbon municipalities’ (top-down initiatives) and those of ‘intentional communities’ (bottom-up initiatives). We are interested to find out to what extent and in which ways each community type intervenes in social practices to curb carbon emissions and to explore the scope for further and deeper interventions on the local level. Employing an analytical framework based on social practice theory we identify characteristic patterns of intervention for each community type. We find that low-carbon municipalities face tenacious difficulties in transforming carbon-intensive social practices. While offering some additional low-carbon choices, their ability to reduce carbon-intensive practices is very limited. Their focus on efficiency and individual choice shows little transformative potential. Intentional communities, by contrast, have more institutional and organisational options to intervene into the web of social practices. Finally, we explore to what extent low-carbon municipalities can learn from intentional communities and propose strategies of hybridisation for policy innovation to combine the strengths of both models

Puf6 primes 60S pre-ribosome nuclear export at low temperature

Productive ribosomal RNA (rRNA) compaction during ribosome assembly necessitates establishing correct tertiary contacts between distant secondary structure elements. Here, we quantify the response of the yeast proteome to low temperature (LT), a condition where aberrant mis-paired RNA folding intermediates accumulate. We show that, at LT, yeast cells globally boost production of their ribosome assembly machinery. We find that the LT-induced assembly factor, Puf6, binds to the nascent catalytic RNA-rich subunit interface within the 60S pre-ribosome, at a site that eventually loads the nuclear export apparatus. Ensemble Förster resonance energy transfer studies show that Puf6 mimics the role of Mg2+ to usher a unique long-range tertiary contact to compact rRNA. At LT, puf6 mutants accumulate 60S pre-ribosomes in the nucleus, thus unveiling Puf6-mediated rRNA compaction as a critical temperature-regulated rescue mechanism that counters rRNA misfolding to prime export competence.ISSN:2041-172

Chemical exposure : european citizens’ perspectives, trust, and concerns on human biomonitoring initiatives, information needs, and scientific results

Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Over the last few decades, citizen awareness and perception of chemical products has been a topic of interest, particularly concerning national and international policy decision makers, expert/scientific platforms, and the European Union itself. To date, few qualitative studies on human biomonitoring have analysed communication materials, made recommendations in terms of biomonitoring surveillance, or asked for feedback in terms of specific biomonitoring methods. This paper provides in-depth insight on citizens’ perceptions of knowledge of biomonitoring, impact of chemical exposure on daily life, and claims on how results of research should be used. Four semi-structured focus groups were held in Austria, Portugal, Ireland, and the United Kingdom (UK). The cross-sectional observational qualitative design of this study allows for better understanding of public concern regarding chemicals, application, and use of human biomonitoring. The main findings of this study include citizens’ clear articulation on pathways of exposure, the demand on stakeholders for transparent decision-making, and sensitivity in communication of results to the public. Validated and trustful communication is perceived as key to empowering citizens to take action. The results can be used to facilitate decision-making and policy development, and feeds into the awareness needs of similar and future projects in human biomonitoring. Furthermore, it also brings to light ideas and concepts of citizens’ in shaping collaborative knowledge between citizens’, experts, scientists, and policy makers on equal terms.The HBM4EU project received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 73303info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

100 years of inherited metabolic disorders in Austria-A national registry of minimal birth prevalence, diagnosis, and clinical outcome of inborn errors of metabolism in Austria between 1921 and 2021

Inherited metabolic disorders (IMDs) are a heterogeneous group of rare disorders characterized by disruption of metabolic pathways. To date, data on incidence and prevalence of IMDs are limited. Taking advantage of a functioning network within the Austrian metabolic group, our registry research aimed to update the data of the "Registry for Inherited Metabolic Disorders" started between 1985 and 1995 with retrospectively retrieved data on patients with IMDs according to the Society for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism International Classification of Diseases 11 (SSIEM ICD11) catalogue. Included in this retrospective register were 2631 patients with an IMD according to the SSIEM ICD11 Classification, who were treated in Austria. Thus, a prevalence of 1.8/10 000 for 2020 and a median minimal birth prevalence of 16.9/100 000 (range 0.7/100 000-113/100 000) were calculated for the period 1921 to February 2021. We detected a male predominance (m:f = 1.2:1) and a mean age of currently alive patients of 17.6 years (range 5.16 months-100 years). Most common diagnoses were phenylketonuria (17.7%), classical galactosaemia (6.6%), and biotinidase deficiency (4.2%). The most common diagnosis categories were disorders of amino acid and peptide metabolism (819/2631; 31.1%), disorders of energy metabolism (396/2631; 15.1%), and lysosomal disorders (395/2631; 15.0%). In addition to its epidemiological relevance, the "Registry for Inherited Metabolic Disorders" is an important tool for enhancing an exchange between care providers. Moreover, by pooling expertise it prospectively improves patient treatment, similar to pediatric oncology protocols. A substantial requirement for ful filling this goal is to regularly update the registry and provide nationwide coverage with inclusion of all medical specialties

TYK2 Kinase Activity Is Required for Functional Type I Interferon Responses In Vivo

Tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) is a member of the Janus kinase (JAK) family and is involved in cytokine signalling. In vitro analyses suggest that TYK2 also has kinase-independent, i.e., non-canonical, functions. We have generated gene-targeted mice harbouring a mutation in the ATP-binding pocket of the kinase domain. The Tyk2 kinase-inactive (Tyk2K923E) mice are viable and show no gross abnormalities. We show that kinase-active TYK2 is required for full-fledged type I interferon- (IFN) induced activation of the transcription factors STAT1-4 and for the in vivo antiviral defence against viruses primarily controlled through type I IFN actions. In addition, TYK2 kinase activity was found to be required for the protein’s stability. An inhibitory function was only observed upon over-expression of TYK2K923E in vitro. Tyk2K923E mice represent the first model for studying the kinase-independent function of a JAK in vivo and for assessing the consequences of side effects of JAK inhibitors