Sistemas agroflorestais na recuperação de espaços protegidos por lei (app e reserva legal) : estudo de caso do Sítio Geranium, DF

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Florestais, 2014A recuperação de uma Mata de Galeria é uma tarefa complexa que pode ser facilitada quando se procura trabalhar numa escala mais ampla e não apenas naquela definida pelos limites de uma dada propriedade rural. Além disso, essas matas são protegidas por lei, chamadas de áreas de preservação permanente (APP); tendo seu uso, ocupação e recuperação restritos e controlados pela legislação brasileira. A partir de 2011, o Conama na Resolução nº 429 permite que as atividades de manejo agroflorestal sustentável (SAFs), praticadas na pequena propriedade ou posse rural familiar, sejam aplicadas na recuperação de APPs. O mesmo foi feito no Novo Código Florestal. É nesse contexto que os Sistemas Agroflorestais ganham importância como metodologia sustentável com potencial para recuperação de áreas degradadas. O objetivo desse trabalho foi comparar duas áreas de um trecho degradado da Mata de Galeria do Ribeirão Taguatinga (DF), uma recuperada com SAFs e outra sem intervenção, e verificar se esses sistemas apresentaram melhores resultados em relação ao banco de sementes, aos parâmetros fitossociológicos, florísticos e edáficos do que a área em pousio. Além de verificar se os SAFS implantados estão conforme com a legislação vigente sobre recuperação de áreas de preservação permanente (APP) degradadas. Foram marcadas 20 parcelas, alocadas em cinco transectos perpendiculares ao curso do ribeirão, sendo 10 parcelas em cada área (pousio e SAFs), onde foram coletados os dados para a realização das análises. No final da estação seca, 71% das sementes germinadas pertenciam aos SAFs, evidenciando que a maior diversidade de espécies tende a aumentar a entrada de sementes no banco, aumentando o estoque de sementes. Na área em pousio foram inventariados 96 indivíduos, 25 espécies e 16 famílias; na área de SAFs foram mensurados 414 indivíduos distribuídos em 65 espécies e 30 famílias. O coeficiente de Jaccard, a equabilidade, as análises de Cluster e das coordenadas principais (PCO) evidenciam uma divisão entre as parcelas de pousio e de SAFs, formando dois grupos distintos na mata estudada, comprovando a diferença florística entre as áreas e a heterogeneidade encontrada em sistemas biodiversos. Os SAFs apresentaram melhoras no solo em recuperação, apresentando boas médias de CTC, soma e saturação de bases, além do aumento na disponibilidade de P e o acréscimo de matéria orgânica no solo. Dos quatorzes critérios analisados na Matriz de Conformidade, os SAFs receberam o valor máximo em dez. Três critérios foram parcialmente cumpridos e somente um não estava conforme a legislação. No somatório dos pesos, os SAFs receberam mais de um terço do total, comprovando sua conformidade com a legislação vigente. Desta forma, os Sistemas Agroflorestais estudados apresentaram melhores resultados em relação ao banco de sementes, aos parâmetros fitossociológicos, florísticos e edáficos do que a área em pousio. _________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTThe recovery of a gallery forest is a complex task that can be facilitated when trying to work on a broader scale and not only that ones defined by the limits of a given farm. In addition, these forests are protected by law, called areas of permanent preservation (APP); with its use, occupation and recovery restricted and controlled by Brazilian laws. From 2011, CONAMA Resolution No. 429 allows that activities of agroforestry sistem (AFS), practiced in small or rural family property ownership, can be applied in the recovery of APPs. The same was done in the Brazilian new Forest Code. It is in this context that AFS gain importance as a sustainable methodology with potential for recovery of degraded areas. The aim of this study was compare two areas of a degraded stretch of gallery forest of Taguatinga stream (Federal Disctrict- DF), one recovered with AFS and another without intervention, and verify if these systems showed better results compared to the seedbank, the phytosociological parameters, floristic and soil parameters than the area of fallow. In addition to checking if the AFS were deployed in line with the current legislation on the recovery of the degraded APP. Twenty plots were marked, allocated in five perpendicular transects to the course of the stream, with 10 plots in each area (fallow and agroforestry), where the data for the analyzes were collected. At the end of the dry season, 71% of the germinated seeds belonged to SAF, showing that the greatest diversity of species tends to increase the intake of seeds in the bank, increasing the stock of seeds. In the area fallow 96 individuals, 25 species and 16 families were inventoried; in the area of agroforestry 414 individuals belonging to 65 species and 30 families were measured. The Jaccard's similarity coefficient, the evenness, the Cluster analysis and principal coordinate (PCO) show a division between plots of fallow and agroforestry, forming two distinct groups in the studied forest, proving the floristic differences between the two areas and the heterogeneity found in biodiverse systems. The AFS showed improvements in soil recovery, featuring good cationic exchange capacity (CEC) avarage, sum and base saturation, and increased the availability of P and the addition of organic matter in the soil. In the fourteen criteria analyzed in the Compliance Matrix, the SAF received a maximum in ten. Three criteria were partially met and only one was not according to the law. The sum of the weights, the SAF received more than one third of the total, confirming their compliance with current legislation. Thus, the studied agroforestry systems showed better results compared to the seed bank, the phytosociological, floristic and soil parameters than in the fallow area parameters

Efeito dos inseticidas botânicos aplicados no manejo agroecológico de pragas na cultura do milho doce

Thus, we recommend that the researches involved in the short-term studies, follow the criteria presents in the biodiversity monitoring protocols in order to improve the data accuracy and make recommendations and predictions based on a more reliable data. The occurrence of diseases, weeds and insect pests, together or individually can significantly affect the productive potential of the corn plant. The use of botanical insecticides has been increasing over the years as it causes less damage to human health and the environment. Substances of botanical origin have a broad spectrum of action, controlling different pests. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of botanical insecticides in population and behavioral dynamics of natural enemies in the sweet corn crop being measured population density of these in the field before and after the application of botanical insecticides. The experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Practices Center (CEPAGRO), located at the University Center Icesp, where it was observed the effective infestation of the cartridge caterpillar. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four treatments (citronella, garlic, pepper and control) and four replications, totaling 16 subjects in each treatment. All treatments were significant and effective, being that Citronella and pepper insecticides presented the best results. Keywords: Zea mays L; Spodoptera frugiperda; sustainability; organic production system.ing======================================================================A ocorrência de doenças, plantas daninhas e insetos pragas, juntos ou individualmente podem afetar significativamente o potencial produtivo da planta de milho. O uso de inseticidas botânicos vem aumentando com o decorrer dos anos, pois causa menos danos à saúde humana e ao meio ambiente. As substâncias de origem botânica apresentam amplo espectro de ação, controlando diferentes pragas. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os efeitos dos inseticidas botânicos na dinâmica populacional e comportamental de inimigos naturais na cultura do milho doce, sendo mensurada a densidade populacional destes no campo antes e depois da aplicação dos inseticidas botânicos. O experimento foi realizado no Centro de Práticas Agrícolas (CEPAGRO) localizado no Centro Universitário Icesp, onde foi observado à infestação efetiva da lagarta do cartucho. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o de blocos ao acaso com quatro tratamentos (citronela, alho, pimenta e testemunha) e quatro repetições, totalizando 16 indivíduos em cada tratamento. Todos os tratamentos foram significativos e eficazes, sendo que os inseticidas de citronela e pimenta apresentaram os melhores resultados.Palavras-chave: Zea mays L; Spodoptera frugiperda; sustentabilidade; sistema orgânico de produção

Viveiros florestais como forma de educação ambiental em uma escola de ensino fundamental do Distrito Federal

Realizar projetos de educação ambiental é um processo delicado que deve ser feito de forma participativa, clara e objetiva; levando em consideração todo o contexto em que a comunidade onde o projeto será desenvolvido está inserida. Assim sendo, este trabalho visa a utilizar a estrutura de um viveiro florestal como forma de educação ambiental para crianças do Ensino Fundamental da Escola Classe número 50, na EQNL 02/04, Setor L-Norte, em Taguatinga Norte, DF. O trabalho foi executado em duas etapas: a primeira foi a de reuniões, palestras e discussões com a comunidade da escola; e a segunda foi a execução propriamente dita do viveiro (de estrutura simples e econômica, de caráter permanente). Em seguida, foram efetuadas avaliações das atividades de educação realizadas, bem como documentação e feira cultural. A utilização da estrutura de um viveiro florestal, como forma de educação ambiental para crianças, mostrou-se eficiente e cumpriu os objetivos propostos para este trabalho. &nbsp

ATLANTIC BIRDS: a data set of bird species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

South America holds 30% of the world's avifauna, with the Atlantic Forest representing one of the richest regions of the Neotropics. Here we have compiled a data set on Brazilian Atlantic Forest bird occurrence (150,423) and abundance samples (N = 832 bird species; 33,119 bird individuals) using multiple methods, including qualitative surveys, mist nets, point counts, and line transects). We used four main sources of data: museum collections, on-line databases, literature sources, and unpublished reports. The data set comprises 4,122 localities and data from 1815 to 2017. Most studies were conducted in the Florestas de Interior (1,510 localities) and Serra do Mar (1,280 localities) biogeographic sub-regions. Considering the three main quantitative methods (mist net, point count, and line transect), we compiled abundance data for 745 species in 576 communities. In the data set, the most frequent species were Basileuterus culicivorus, Cyclaris gujanensis, and Conophaga lineata. There were 71 singletons, such as Lipaugus conditus and Calyptura cristata. We suggest that this small number of records reinforces the critical situation of these taxa in the Atlantic Forest. The information provided in this data set can be used for macroecological studies and to foster conservation strategies in this biodiversity hotspot. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Data Paper if data are used in publications and teaching events. © 2017 by the Ecological Society of Americ

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

Quando um viveiro florestal torna-se um viveiro educador : estudo de caso em uma Escola Classe do Distrito Federal

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, 2008.Realizar projetos de Educação Ambiental é um processo delicado e que deve ser feito de forma participativa, clara e objetiva; levando em consideração todo o contexto em que a comunidade onde o projeto será desenvolvido está inserida. Assim sendo, este trabalho visa utilizar a estrutura de um viveiro florestal como forma de educação ambiental para crianças do ensino fundamental da Escola Classe número 50, na EQNL 02/04, Setor L- Norte, em Taguatinga Norte, DF. O trabalho foi executado em duas etapas: a primeira foi a de reuniões, palestras e discussões com a comunidade da escola; e a segunda foi a execução propriamente dita do viveiro (de estrutura simples e econômica, de caráter permanente), contemplando práticas de germinação de sementes e produção de mudas de espécies nativas do Cerrado. Em seguida, foram efetuadas avaliações das atividades de educação realizadas, bem como documentação e feira cultural. A utilização da estrutura de um viveiro florestal como forma de educação ambiental para crianças, mostrou-se eficiente e cumpriu os objetivos propostos para este trabalho. O material produzido como: o vídeo, as fotos das atividades, os trabalhos desenvolvidos em sala de aula, o estande na feira cultural, demonstrou que o viveiro estimulou as atividades ambientais, que antes ocupava somente um bimestre do ano letivo e que passaram a ser tema nos quatro bimestres. ______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTThe developing Environmental Education Project is a delicate process and it must be made in a participatory, explicitly and objectively manner, taking into account the community’s reality where the project will be developed. Therefore, this reaserch aims to use a nursery structure as a environmental education for children of elementary school -Escola Classe n° 50, located in EQNL 02/04, Setor L – Norte at Taguatinga/DF - Brazil. This reaserch was developed in two stages: The first one was set for meetings, lectures and discussions with the community's school, and the second stage the nursery was made in a simple and economic manner, that it is possible to remain at the school for long time. The developing of this project includes practices of germination and seedlings of native species production of the Cerrado forest. Then, assessments of the environmental activities education were made, as well as project documentation and cultural fair was made too. The use a forest nursery structure as environmental education for children of elementary school was efficient and met the objectives proposed for this reaserch. The material produced (video, photographs of activities, the work that was done in the classroom, the cultural stand at the fair) proved that the nursery stimulated the environmental activities. Before, the environmental activities was teaching just in part of the year school, but nowaday, the classmates learn this subject for all the year

Celecoxib prevents tumor growth in an animal model by a COX-2 independent mechanism

Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been shown to reduce cell growth in several tumors. Among these possible antineoplastic drugs are cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-selective drugs, such as celecoxib, in which antitumoral mechanisms were evaluated in rats bearing Walker-256 (W256) tumor. W256 carcinosarcoma cells were inoculated subcutaneously (10(7) cells/rat) in rats submitted to treatment with celecoxib (25 mg kg(-1)) or vehicle for 14 days. Tumor growth, body-weight gain, and survival data were evaluated. The mechanisms, such as COX-2 expression and activity, oxidative stress, by means of enzymes and lipoperoxidation levels, and apoptosis mediators were also investigated. A reduction in tumor growth and an increased weight gain were observed. Celecoxib provided a higher incidence of survival compared with the control group. Cellular effects are probably COX-2 independent, because neither enzyme expression nor its activity, measured by tumoral PGE(2), showed significant difference between groups. It is probable that this antitumor action is dependent on an apoptotic way, which has been evaluated by the expression of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-xL, in addition to the cellular changes observed by electronic microscopy. Celecoxib has also a possible involvement with redox homeostasis, because its administration caused significant changes in the activity of oxidative enzymes, such as catalase and superoxide dismutase. These results confirm the antitumor effects of celecoxib in W256 cancer model, contributing to elucidating its antitumoral mechanism and corroborating scientific literature about its effect on other types of cancer.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPQ)[402414/2005-5]UFPRUFP

External validation of SAPS 3 and MPM0-III scores in 48,816 patients from 72 Brazilian ICUs

Abstract Background The performance of severity-of-illness scores varies in different scenarios and must be validated prior of being used in a specific settings and geographic regions. Moreover, models’ calibration may deteriorate overtime and performance of such instruments should be reassessed regularly. Therefore, we aimed at to validate the SAPS 3 in a large contemporary cohort of patients admitted to Brazilian ICUs. In addition, we also compared the performance of the SAPS 3 with the MPM0-III. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study in which 48,816 (medical admissions = 67.9%) adult patients are admitted to 72 Brazilian ICUs during 2013. We evaluated models’ discrimination using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). We applied the calibration belt to evaluate the agreement between observed and expected mortality rates (calibration). Results Mean SAPS 3 score was 44.3 ± 15.4 points. ICU and hospital mortality rates were 11.0 and 16.5%. We estimated predicted mortality using both standard (SE) and Central and South American (CSA) customized equations. Predicted mortality rates were 16.4 ± 19.3% (SAPS 3-SE), 21.7 ± 23.2% (SAPS 3-CSA) and 14.3 ± 14.0% (MPM0-III). Standardized mortality ratios (SMR) obtained for each model were: 1.00 (95% CI, 0.98–0.102) for the SAPS 3-SE, 0.75 (0.74–0.77) for the SAPS 3-CSA and 1.15 (1.13–1.18) for the MPM0-III. Discrimination was better for SAPS 3 models (AUROC = 0.85) than for MPM0-III (AUROC = 0.80) (p < 0.001). We applied the calibration belt to evaluate the agreement between observed and expected mortality rates (calibration): the SAPS 3-CSA overestimated mortality throughout all risk classes while the MPM0-III underestimated it uniformly. The SAPS 3-SE did not show relevant deviations from ideal calibration. Conclusions In a large contemporary database, the SAPS 3-SE was accurate in predicting outcomes, supporting its use for performance evaluation and benchmarking in Brazilian ICUs

ATLANTIC BIRDS: a data set of bird species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

South America holds 30% of the world's avifauna, with the Atlantic Forest representing one of the richest regions of the Neotropics. Here we have compiled a data set on Brazilian Atlantic Forest bird occurrence (150,423) and abundance samples (N = 832 bird species; 33,119 bird individuals) using multiple methods, including qualitative surveys, mist nets, point counts, and line transects). We used four main sources of data: museum collections, on-line databases, literature sources, and unpublished reports. The data set comprises 4,122 localities and data from 1815 to 2017. Most studies were conducted in the Florestas de Interior (1,510 localities) and Serra do Mar (1,280 localities) biogeographic sub-regions. Considering the three main quantitative methods (mist net, point count, and line transect), we compiled abundance data for 745 species in 576 communities. In the data set, the most frequent species were Basileuterus culicivorus, Cyclaris gujanensis, and Conophaga lineata. There were 71 singletons, such as Lipaugus conditus and Calyptura cristata. We suggest that this small number of records reinforces the critical situation of these taxa in the Atlantic Forest. The information provided in this data set can be used for macroecological studies and to foster conservation strategies in this biodiversity hotspot. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Data Paper if data are used in publications and teaching events. © 2017 by the Ecological Society of Americ