Atuação no ensino médio: relato de experiência da monitoria de ciências exatas do projeto despertar / High school acting: experience report of the tutoring of the exact sciences of the despertar project

Este artigo apresentará um projeto que visa implementar uma metodologia de ensino- aprendizagem baseada na monitoria das disciplinas de física e matemática para estudantes do ensino médio técnico integrado, aliando as práticas de ensino ao cotidiano da escola, tentando, de forma prática, mudar os índices de evasão dos cursos de Engenharia. Inicialmente implantado na Escola de Aplicação da Universidade Federal do Pará, o projeto DESPERTAR melhorou a base das disciplinas de cálculo e explorou o potencial dos alunos dentro do seu cotidiano, das suas relações sociais e do meio ambiente, uma vez que os discentes serão multiplicadores do trabalho, contribuindo com os recursos aprendidos para o desenvolvimento da escola e do seu meio social

Predictors of HBeAg status and hepatitis B viraemia in HIV-infected patients with chronic hepatitis B in the HAART era in Brazil

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>HBV-HIV co-infection is associated with an increased liver-related morbidity and mortality. However, little is known about the natural history of chronic hepatitis B in HIV-infected individuals under highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) receiving at least one of the two drugs that also affect HBV (TDF and LAM). Information about HBeAg status and HBV viremia in HIV/HBV co-infected patients is scarce. The objective of this study was to search for clinical and virological variables associated with HBeAg status and HBV viremia in patients of an HIV/HBV co-infected cohort.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed, of HBsAg-positive HIV-infected patients in treatment between 1994 and 2007 in two AIDS outpatient clinics located in the São Paulo metropolitan area, Brazil. The baseline data were age, sex, CD4 T+ cell count, ALT level, HIV and HBV viral load, HBV genotype, and duration of antiretroviral use. The variables associated to HBeAg status and HBV viremia were assessed using logistic regression.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A total of 86 HBsAg patients were included in the study. Of these, 48 (56%) were using combination therapy that included lamivudine (LAM) and tenofovir (TDF), 31 (36%) were using LAM monotherapy, and 7 patients had no previous use of either one. Duration of use of TDF and LAM varied from 4 to 21 and 7 to 144 months, respectively. A total of 42 (48. 9%) patients were HBeAg positive and 44 (51. 1%) were HBeAg negative. The multivariate analysis revealed that the use of TDF for longer than 12 months was associated with undetectable HBV DNA viral load (serum HBV DNA level < 60 UI/ml) (<it>p </it>= 0. 047). HBeAg positivity was associated with HBV DNA > 60 UI/ml (p = 0. 001) and ALT levels above normality (<it>p </it>= 0. 038).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Prolonged use of TDF containing HAART is associated with undetectable HBV DNA viral load. HBeAg positivity is associated with HBV viremia and increased ALT levels.</p

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

Quantificação de descargas parciais em geradores usando modelo matemático baseado na teoria de campo

Este trabalho desenvolve um modelo para quantificar o nível de descargas parciais (DP) em cavidades ocluídas em sistemas de isolação de geradores. O modelo baseia-se na teoria de campo e usa o Método dos Elementos Finitos (MEF) para resolver as equações de campo. A simulação desenvolve-se em dois passos: no primeiro passo simula-se a situação anterior à descarga parcial, em que não existem cargas espaciais no interior da cavidade, pela resolução das equações de Laplace. Já o segundo passo simula a situação logo após a ocorrência da DP, resolvendo-se as equações de Poisson, simulando a existência das cargas espaciais criadas durante o tempo de descarga. As simulações indicam uma diferença de 2,14% entre os níveis de DP medido e calculado para uma delaminação na isolação de uma barra estatórica. Com base nesse resultado, o modelo é capaz de estimar o nível de DP para defeitos localizados no sistema de isolação de estatores de hidrogeradores

Análise multifísica e experimentos em sensores ópticos usados na medição de temperatura em rotores de hidrogeradores

Fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) offer new possibilities to monitor accurately the rotor temperature. Dozens of sensors can be mounted in series in a single fiber and used to measure the temperature in several points of the rotor winding. Such sensors installed directly on the rotor winding surface are thermally isolated from the cooling air by a silicone layer. Because of the temperature gradient in this structure, the sensor is exposed to thermo-mechanical stresses and therefore can be deformed. Since the FBG probes are sensitive to both temperature and strain, the knowledge of each effect separately is necessary to ensure that the temperature readings are not affected by strain. Experimental results obtained in rotor winding mockup tests with thermistors and FBG sensors show that the temperature readings by the FBG are 4.5°C above the temperature defined by the thermistors which were used as references. Multi-physics simulations were carried out to calculate the strain and temperature in the FBG assembly. The theoretical and experimental results are in a good agreement and show that the temperature gradient across the FBG sensor assembly is sufficient to cause a strain that induces an axial stress in the FBG sensor causing an error in the temperature reading.CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoAs Redes de Bragg oferecem novas possibilidades para se monitorar de forma precisa a temperatura do rotor de hidrogeradores. Dezenas de sensores podem ser montados em série em uma única fibra e ser usados para medir a temperatura em diversos pontos do enrolamento do rotor. Tais sensores são instalados diretamente na superfície do enrolamento do rotor sendo isolados termicamente do ar por uma camada de silicone. Por causa do gradiente de temperatura nesta estrutura, o sensor fica exposto a estresses termomecânicos que podem vir a deformá-lo. Como os sensores baseados em Redes de Bragg são sensíveis tanto à temperatura com à deformação mecânica, o conhecimento de cada efeito separadamente torna-se necessário para garantir que as leituras de temperatura não sejam afetadas pela deformação mecânica. Resultados experimentais obtidos em maquete que simula o enrolamento do rotor com termistores e sensores baseados em Redes de Bragg mostraram que as leituras de temperatura feitas pelos sensores ópticos à Redes de Bragg estavam cerca de 4,5°C superiores àquelas feitas pelos termistores usados como referência. Simulações multifísicas foram conduzidas para calcular a deformação e a temperatura no conjunto de montagem do sensor óptico. Os resultados teóricos e experimentais estão em acordo e mostram que o gradiente de temperatura através do conjunto de montagem do sensor óptico é suficiente causar uma deformação capaz de fazer surgir um tensão axial no sensor provocando um erro de leitura